Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління最新文献

{"title":"CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF UKRAINIAN ENERGY SECTOR ENTERPRISES’ DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF A TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Kateryna Kuznietsova, Oleksandr Bailo","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-7","url":null,"abstract":"Due to Russia's military aggression, Ukraine's economy suffered significant losses in all sectors, including the energy sector. As of today, there is no critical shortage of energy resources and carriers, so it is possible to discuss maintaining the necessary level of economic and population safety. However, undoubtedly, the danger has not disappeared, and on the contrary, risks have increased and new challenges have emerged for the sustainable functioning and development of the energy sector. In this article, statistics were taken into account for a deeper understanding of the situation in the energy sector, both during the full-scale invasion and leading up to it. Specifically, the analysis of the pre-war period highlighted the structure of electricity production and supply in Ukraine, the amount of final consumption overall and by activity type, energy intensity coefficients, and the main aspects of Ukraine's energy state with descriptions of both positive and negative aspects. The analysis of this sector during the war provided information about damages and destruction of energy infrastructure objects, the decrease in energy generation and usage, territorial diversification of electricity production, synchronization of Ukraine's unified energy system with the European \"ENTSO-E\" continental network, key risks, problems, and ways to overcome or minimize them. Taking into account the above, this article analyzes and lays the foundation for the reconstruction and modernization of the economy in the post-war period, particularly for managing the energy recovery in the future, considering that a significant part of the infrastructure is damaged or destroyed. In this regard, it is essential to utilize the experiences of European Union countries and their most effective practices in addressing similar tasks in the energy sector. Therefore, the relevance of the topic is driven by the high degree of turbulence in the external environment against the backdrop of military invasion, which affects the overall functioning of Ukraine's energy system, particularly the effectiveness of managing energy sector enterprises and ensuring their strategic long-term development in the present time.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE DOMESTIC ECONOMY","authors":"Liudmyla Shostak, Ivan Bilo, Andrew Ulyanytsky","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-16","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the processes of digital transformation of the domestic economy. The processes of accelerating the digital development of enterprises, regions, and the country's economy deserve special attention, which are connected with the unforeseen circumstances that the entire society has faced since 2019 – the pandemic. It was the limited communication, the impossibility of carrying out trade operations in the usual mode, conducting negotiations, etc. that became the impetus for digital transformation. Digitalization of business helps to take the company to a new level, increase customer loyalty to the brand and implement new tools quickly and efficiently. Marketing costs are reduced, sales conversion is improved, the level of competitiveness is increasing, both at the national level and abroad. State support and stimulation of the development of digitalization is important, in particular, in the implementation of e-government provisions. Ukraine also lags behind Poland and most of its Western neighbors, which confirms the need for additional efforts to improve the level of e-government, communication between residents and authorities, and facilitate public access to digital skills training. The digital economy undoubtedly has a large number of advantages for society, business and the state. In particular, it is able to reduce the percentage of the shadow economy and corruption in the country, because transactions carried out digitally can be easily monitored. In addition, the emergence of the domestic market of digital technologies will create new opportunities for Ukrainian IT companies, which will stop the outflow of highly qualified personnel abroad. On the other hand, there are threats to data security in the form of cyber attacks. New technologies, especially artificial intelligence, will lead to major changes in the labor market, including the disappearance of jobs in some sectors and their appearance in others. Ukraine should be ready for such drastic changes. These processes were a consequence of these restrictions, not everyone was delighted with them, many were not prepared for them and perceived them negatively, but it became a necessity for the normal functioning of the economy and enterprises in particular. It became clear that the level of competitiveness of the economy depends entirely on the pace of the digital transformation process. In the course of military operations on the territory of our country, it was digitalization that came in handy for volunteers, military logisticians and other persons who bring Victory closer.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING THE FINANCIAL PART OF A BUSINESS PLAN FOR RECEIVING A GRANT TO VETERANS AND MEMBERS OF THEIR FAMILIES IN THE \"YEROBOTA\" PROGRAM","authors":"Maryana Kobelya-Zvir","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the main practical aspects of the formation of the financial part of a business plan for obtaining grant funding for starting or developing one's own business from the YeRobota program for veterans and their family members. The main rules are outlined, according to which it is necessary to develop a plan of income and expenses, as one of the necessary parts of the business plan. Recommendations are given on the algorithm for filling out the financial part of the business plan. Recommendations are provided for filling out each section of the financial part of the business plan. The main approaches to calculations, calculation of taxes and mandatory fees are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the essential conditions of the grantor, namely: the amount of own funds is applied to grants in the amount of UAH 500,000 to UAH 1,000,000 and is 30% of the grant amount; the number of new employees under the terms of the grant program depends on the amount of the grant: a grant of up to UAH 250,000 – one employee; from UAH 250,000 to UAH 500,000 – two employees; from UAH 500,000 to UAH 1,000,000 – four employees, two of whom are combatants and/or persons with disabilities as a result of the war. The main approaches and methods for the high-quality development of the income and expenditure plan of the business plan are described, which must be strictly followed in order to have a chance of receiving non-refundable grant funding from the government program \"eRobota\". Generalized recommendations on the formation of sections are given: \"Costs related to the sale of products/providing services\", \"Purchase of property for the implementation of activities\", \"Costs for rent\", \"Other payments\", \"Utility services (gas, electricity, water) \", \"Insurance\", \"Telephone and Internet\", \"Marketing and advertising\", \"Security\", \"Purchase or leasing of equipment\", \"Postal, printing, stationery\", \"Transport and delivery\", \"Payment for professional services (legal, accounting, etc.), \"Total labor costs\", \"Applicant's salary (for FOP)\", \"Employee remuneration\", \"Grant refund\", \"Payment of taxes and fees\". It is emphasized that in order to correctly form the financial part of the business plan, it is necessary to carefully familiarize yourself with the requirements of the tender documentation, the provisions of the legal framework and the recommendations of the program developers. It was concluded that the quality of the development of the financial part of the business plan is of great importance for receiving non-refundable grant assistance from the \"eRobota\" program.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SECURITY ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE","authors":"Zoryana Ravlinko","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-12","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial enterprises operate not only in the conditions of military operations on the territory of the country, but also based on the growing need to transition from the traditional trade model to an electronic one due to the gradual increase in the share of the digital economy in Ukraine as well. The specified circumstances require a review of the principles of security activities in order to preserve business and create favorable conditions for the implementation of digital transformation in the conditions of each trade enterprise in accordance with the actual conditions of operation. Restructuring of security activities must begin with the formation or improvement of the appropriate management system. The purpose of the study was to clarify the essence of the concept of \"security management system of a trading enterprise\" as a basis for creating safe conditions for transformational changes in the activities of Ukrainian trading enterprises. In order to form the theoretical foundations of building a system of managing the security activities of a trading enterprise, the following methods were applied: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms \"system\" and \"management system\"; synthesis and analysis – for positioning the security activity management system within the enterprise management system; morphological analysis – to clarify the content of the main components of the security activity management system of a trading enterprise; graphic – for visual representation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. In order to create an appropriate theoretical framework, key approaches to the basic concepts, i.e. \"system\" and \"management system\", are defined. The author's interpretation of the term \"security management system of a trading enterprise\" is formulated, under which it is proposed to understand the organizational complex that forms the necessary and constantly updated, taking into account the change in the internal environment and the external security situation, the basis for exercising managerial influence, thanks to coordination with external security subjects in relation to security objects and subjects of the external environment, in order to fulfill the assigned tasks within the scope of security activities. The results obtained within the scope of the conducted research deepen the understanding of the security activity management system of the trading enterprise and fully take into account the specifics of their functioning and development trends.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREATION OF LOGOS USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS","authors":"Ihor Ponomarenko, Diana Uhnivenko","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-11","url":null,"abstract":"The article explored the features of using neural networks to create logos. The significant influence of globalization processes and digitalization on the activation of marketing strategies development in the offline and online environment has been proven. Prerequisites for the active development of machine learning algorithms, including neural networks with different architectures and activation functions, are given. The expediency of establishing long-term communications between the company and the target audience thanks to the use of logos has been established. The effectiveness of different color schemes use in the development of logos, taking into account the set of the target audience characteristics, was determined. It has been established that the main customers who pay attention to innovative logos are representatives of the Z and Alpha generations. Communication between the company and the target audience is carried out thanks to the stimulation of various senses. Taking into account biological features, consumers perceive the main information thanks to the organs of vision. Accordingly, the creation of a high-quality logo increases the probability of the company's success on the market, but only if a comprehensive marketing strategy is implemented in the offline and digital environment. A correctly selected font affects the perception of the logo by consumers. Choosing the wrong typeface hinders the communication of the brand's philosophy to consumers. Along with this, the use of specific fonts can lead to complications when reading the text on the logo. Individual fonts are negatively perceived by customers and can lead to a decrease in sales volumes. To identify the company, it is advisable to place the logo on banners, business cards, in advertising, in social networks, etc. The logo must be light, elegant and unique to ensure ease of perception of the graphic object as an integral part of the corporate identity of the company. A typical architecture of a neural network with a description of the main layers of input and processing of large volumes of information is presented. There are examples of software that allows companies to generate visual content, including logos for various brands, based on text information.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE MANAGER IN THE CONTEXT OF SELF-MANAGEMENT","authors":"Yolana Shashovec","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises questions about the place and role of communications in the practice of managing organizations, as well as the importance of managers' abilities to organize effective information exchange. Actuality of the affected theme is related to that work of managers – it, foremost, co-operation and communications, that is why management quality is determined by efficiency of communication processes. Also, the relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the concept of \"manager's communicative competence\" is currently not sufficiently clearly formulated and requires further scientific research and clarification. The interpretation of the essence of the category \"communicative competence of the manager\" was further developed, attention was focused on the need to expand its content. The components of a manager's communicative competence are defined, such as the ability to establish a high-quality and effective exchange of information and feedback, the ability to choose a style and manner of communication, the ability to correctly understand the ultimate goal of communications; as well as their relationship and ways of manifestation in the process of organizing joint activities in teams. Separate attention is spared to the capacity of managers for authentication of communication barriers and work on overcoming them, that also certainly as an element them communicative competence. The author of the article also substantiates the directions for improving communicative competence in the context of personal and professional self-development, i.e. self-management. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of work on increasing the level of one's own communicative competence will increase significantly if such activity is systematic, as well as assimilation of norms of communication culture, both intra-organizational and generally accepted in society. The importance is emphasized of internal motivation to self-perfection of the professional capabilities, including those that relate to the communicative competence and determine her level. As perspectives for further research on this issue, it is claimed that the development of methods for improving the communicative competence of managers should become one of the priority tasks in further scientific research.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRICING AT ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANIES","authors":"Maksym Pashkuda, Hanna Blakyta","doi":"10.32782/easterneurope.40-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.40-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the place of electricity supply enterprises among trade enterprises in Ukraine. The importance of forming an effective pricing strategy and tactics for goods or services produced or provided by an energy industry enterprise was determined. It was revealed that the definition of the essence of pricing at electricity supply enterprises remains logically incomplete, which complicates this process. The main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of \"price\" and \"pricing\" have been studied. It is proposed to define the concept of price for electricity supply enterprises – it is a monetary reward that electricity suppliers are willing to pay to producers, which is determined on the basis of the interaction of the laws of cost, demand and supply at a specific time when an agreement is concluded between the electricity supplier and the producer. The purpose of the study is to unify and systematize approaches to determining the essence of pricing at electricity supply enterprises. In the conditions of the instability of the development of enterprises and with the strengthening of the European integration processes of the economy, there is an urgent need to ensure the continuity of activity, which may depend on the effectiveness of the price policy. The sphere of trade in Ukraine is a defining type of activity in the sphere of circulation, which is an intermediate link between the production and consumption of goods and services and ensures a balance between them. The existence of a large number of sellers determines the need to manage the pricing process at the enterprise. According to the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the total number of economic entities of Ukraine, in recent years, the largest share belongs to enterprises of wholesale and retail trade. A separate segment of trade enterprises are electricity supply enterprises that provide exchange on the electric energy market and have been operating in Ukraine for a while now. In the conditions of the market economy, for the efficient and profitable operation of the enterprise, it is necessary to choose the most effective strategy and pricing tactics for the goods or services that the enterprise produces or provides.","PeriodicalId":495686,"journal":{"name":"Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}