Science & Justice最新文献_第5页

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(24)00087-X

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor: “Edwards curve digital signature algorithm for video integrity verification on blockchain framework” 致编辑的信："区块链框架上用于视频完整性验证的爱德华曲线数字签名算法"

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.004

Nishchal Soni

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study on the stability of bare footprint linear measurements in four motion states 关于四种运动状态下裸脚印线性测量稳定性的初步研究

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.006

Kai Sun , Yaping Luo

{"title":"A preliminary study on the stability of bare footprint linear measurements in four motion states","authors":"Kai Sun , Yaping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In some crime scenes, there may be bare footprints. Analyzing and testing the linear measurements of bare footprints in crime scenes can play an important role in personal analysis and individual identification. However, the linear measurements of bare footprints may be influenced by different motion states, leading to changes in length and width or even significant deviations. Previous studies focused on the linear differences between static and dynamic footprints, and failed to take the speed factor into consideration. This paper studied the stability and change regularities of the linear measurements of bare footprints in four different motion states: standing, normal walking, fast walking and trotting. Dust footprints of the right feet were collected from 80 healthy young adults under these four motion states. Seven linear measurements were obtained for each footprint using the Reel method, totaling 2240 data sets. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the measurement variations across the four states. The results showed that there were statistically significant variances in the length measurements (A1-A5) between the standing state and other motion states, whereas no statistically significant variances were observed between the three dynamic states. It was found that the mean values of the five length measurements (A1–A5) increased from static to dynamic state, and then gradually decreased slightly as the walking speed increased. Additionally, no significant differences were found in the two width measurements (MPJ Width and Calc Width) between the four motion states. As a preliminary study, this study can provide a reference for the analysis of bare footprints in different motion states extracted from crime scenes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 549-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic and inorganic gunshot residues on the hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of shooters 30 min after a discharge 开枪 30 分钟后，枪手的手、前臂、脸和鼻孔中的有机和无机枪击残留物

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.002

Virginie Redouté Minzière, Céline Weyermann

{"title":"Organic and inorganic gunshot residues on the hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of shooters 30 min after a discharge","authors":"Virginie Redouté Minzière, Céline Weyermann","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the investigation of firearm-related incidents, gunshot residues (GSR) can be collected on the scene and individuals (e.g., shooters or bystanders). Their analysis can give valuable information for the reconstruction of the events. Since GSR collection on persons of interest generally occurs a few minutes to hours after discharge, knowledge is needed to understand how organic (O), and inorganic (I) residues are transferred and persist. In this research, the quantities of OGSR and IGSR were assessed on the right and left hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of four shooters. Specimens were collected immediately before the discharge (shooter’s blank specimens) and shortly after (30 min) using carbon adhesive stubs. Organic compounds were first extracted from the collection device and analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Subsequently, IGSR particles were detected on the same stub using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Shooter’s blank specimen analysis revealed background contamination of both O and IGSR in the shooter’s environment, predominantly attributed to the presence of an indoor shooting range. However, the background quantities generally remained below the associated 30-minute specimen. Thirty minutes after a discharge, higher quantities were generally detected on the shooter’s right and left hands than on other collection regions for both GSR types. Forearms and face emerged as interesting collection alternatives, especially in cases where a person of interest may have washed their hands in the interval between the discharge and collection. In contrast, very low amounts of GSR were detected in the nostrils. Furthermore, the results indicated that OGSR and IGSR have different transfer and persistence mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 557-571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030624000765/pdfft?md5=29df7f206691f54db449a28e54a13fb1&pid=1-s2.0-S1355030624000765-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the evidential value of low-quality face images with aggregation of deep neural network embeddings 利用深度神经网络嵌入聚合提高低质量人脸图像的证据价值

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.006

Rafael Oliveira Ribeiro , João C. Neves , Arnout Ruifrok , Flavio de Barros Vidal

{"title":"Improving the evidential value of low-quality face images with aggregation of deep neural network embeddings","authors":"Rafael Oliveira Ribeiro , João C. Neves , Arnout Ruifrok , Flavio de Barros Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In forensic facial comparison, questioned-source images are usually captured in uncontrolled environments, with non-uniform lighting, and from non-cooperative subjects. The poor quality of such material usually compromises their value as evidence in legal proceedings. On the other hand, in forensic casework, multiple images of the person of interest are usually available. In this paper, we propose to aggregate deep neural network embeddings from various images of the same person to improve the performance in forensic comparison of facial images. We observe significant performance improvements, especially for low-quality images. Further improvements are obtained by aggregating embeddings of more images and by applying quality-weighted aggregation. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach in forensic evaluation settings with the development and validation of common-source likelihood ratio systems and report improvements in <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>llr</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span> both for CCTV images and for social media images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 509-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135503062400073X/pdfft?md5=ac95dc66365015c576a0c8cede1d6cdd&pid=1-s2.0-S135503062400073X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of products containing high concentration corrosive substances on the recovery of fingermarks from non-porous surfaces 含有高浓度腐蚀性物质的产品对从无孔表面恢复指痕的影响

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.003

S. Bleay , H. Smart , J. Sorensen , P. Sears

{"title":"The effect of products containing high concentration corrosive substances on the recovery of fingermarks from non-porous surfaces","authors":"S. Bleay , H. Smart , J. Sorensen , P. Sears","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fingermark recovery plays a crucial role in investigating corrosive substance attacks, which are becoming increasingly common. Building upon previous research, this study aimed to identify effective visualization processes for recovering fingermarks from diverse substrates exposed to wide range of commercially available corrosive materials. The study investigated glass, PVC and HDPE substrates with fingermarks deposited 1 day and 2 weeks before exposure to the corrosive substance, and used commercially available substances at concentrations higher than any previous study. It was found that fingermarks could still be recovered from all substrates studied after exposure to most of the corrosive substances, although in general exposure to corrosive substances was detrimental to the quality of marks recovered. The most detrimental corrosive substances were found to be those based on concentrated sulfuric acid. Black and white powder suspensions were the most effective of all processes used in this study, with the highest recovery rates observed from the glass substrate. Age of mark was not found to have a significant effect on recovery rates. Overall the results show that fingermarks may survive exposure to even the most concentrated acids used in this study and provide the initial basis for guidance on processes that could be used on materials used in corrosive substance attacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030624000777/pdfft?md5=a76b862ddd557247d336665a29c6715b&pid=1-s2.0-S1355030624000777-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential of human leukocyte antigen alleles to assist with multiple-contributor DNA mixtures: Proof of concept study 人类白细胞抗原等位基因协助处理多贡献DNA混合物的潜力：概念验证研究

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.001

Agnieszka Kuffel , Christian Cole , Benjamin Mallinder , Niamh Nic Daeid , Alexander Gray

{"title":"The potential of human leukocyte antigen alleles to assist with multiple-contributor DNA mixtures: Proof of concept study","authors":"Agnieszka Kuffel , Christian Cole , Benjamin Mallinder , Niamh Nic Daeid , Alexander Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most challenging issues still present in forensic DNA analysis is identifying individuals in samples containing DNA from multiple contributors. The introduction of novel identification markers may be a useful tool in the deconvolution of such DNA mixtures. In this study, we investigated the potential of alleles from the human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) to aid in identifying individuals in complex, multiple-donor DNA samples. The most advantageous characteristic of the HLA complex is its polymorphism in the human genome. A 22-loci multiplex with HLA markers was designed and applied to two-, three-, and four-person DNA mixtures. The results of the conducted experiments demonstrated that the identification of individuals in multiple contributor samples with the help of HLA markers is possible; however, it is clear that the reliability of the method is heavily dependent on the number of unique alleles for each individual in the analysed mixture. In order to compare this novel approach against the already established process, the same group of reference and multiple-contributor samples was analysed with a commonly used set of STR markers. This proof-of-concept research shows the importance of examining alternative solutions to the current deconvolution challenge in forensic DNA profiling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 533-542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030624000753/pdfft?md5=5680850d0321b890931b26ea1ea0c4c7&pid=1-s2.0-S1355030624000753-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A ruler detection method for auto-adjusting scales of shoeprint images 用于自动调整鞋印图像比例的标尺检测方法

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.005

Zhijian Wen , Rian Morgan Smith , Mark Connor , J.M. Curran

{"title":"A ruler detection method for auto-adjusting scales of shoeprint images","authors":"Zhijian Wen , Rian Morgan Smith , Mark Connor , J.M. Curran","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital shoeprint comparison often requires the calibration of the image resolution so that features, such as patterns in shoeprints, can be compared on the same scale. To enable scaling, a shoeprint photograph can be taken with a forensic ruler in the same frame to obtain the pixel distance between two nearby graduations. However, manually measuring the number of pixels is a time-consuming process. Additionally, the measurement process might not be conducted accurately when the image is noisy or there is distortion in the ruler. In this study, we present an automated ruler detection method for adjusting the image scale. We show that this method can accurately estimate the image scale with a mean absolute percentage error of 3%. We also conducted automated shoeprint retrieval experiments on scale-unadjusted shoeprint images to show how the automated image scaling might be used in a common forensic process. Our results from these experiments show an increase in the retrieval performance from 0.735 to 0.929 at <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> by employing this approach to adjust the shoeprint image scales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 498-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the efficacy of three Y-STRs commercial kits in degraded skeletal remains 评估三种 Y-STRs 商用试剂盒在退化骸骨中的功效

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.007

Christian Haarkötter, María Isabel Medina-Lozano, Diana C. Vinueza-Espinosa, María Saiz, Xiomara Gálvez, Juan Carlos Álvarez, José Antonio Lorente

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of three Y-STRs commercial kits in degraded skeletal remains","authors":"Christian Haarkötter, María Isabel Medina-Lozano, Diana C. Vinueza-Espinosa, María Saiz, Xiomara Gálvez, Juan Carlos Álvarez, José Antonio Lorente","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Y chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) typing is a useful tool in scenarios such as mass graves analysis or disaster victim identification and has become a routine analysis in many laboratories. Not many comparisons have been performed with the currently available commercial kits, much less with degraded skeletal remains. This research aims to evaluate the performance of three commercial Y-STR kits: Yfiler™ Plus, PowerPlex® Y23, and Investigator® Argus Y-28 in 63 degraded skeletal remains from mass graves. PowerPlex® Y23 yields more reportable markers and twice the RFU on average, while Yfiler™ Plus and Investigator® Argus Y-28 exhibited a similar behaviour. Additionally, Argus Y-28, which has not been tested with this kind of samples in literature before, showed a good performance. Finally, a predictive model was attempted to be developed from quantification and autosomal STR data. However, no acceptable model could be obtained. Nevertheless, good Y-STR typing results may be expected if at least 50 pg DNA input is used or 13 autosomal markers were previously obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 543-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030624000741/pdfft?md5=3753795dc5d56a8feeee8844376f9398&pid=1-s2.0-S1355030624000741-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discrimination of slight thermal damage to hair for arson investigation 调查纵火案时对头发轻微热损伤的判别

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.004

Peibin Wang , Jing Jin , Zhengzhe Zang , Zixin Li , Chunyu Zhang , Jinzhuan Zhang

{"title":"Discrimination of slight thermal damage to hair for arson investigation","authors":"Peibin Wang , Jing Jin , Zhengzhe Zang , Zixin Li , Chunyu Zhang , Jinzhuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To determine whether a suspect was in close contact with the fire source at a fire site through slight thermal damage to hair, a cone calorimeter was employed to simulate fire scene conditions as a standard radiant source. The research focused on analyzing the thermal behavior of black hair and delving into the morphological characteristics of hair exhibiting slight thermal damage. At temperatures exceeding 240 °C, the proteins within the hair began to degrade. This degradation, in conjunction with tension along the hair shaft resulting from water loss, led to the formation of microcracks that could be detected through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) but eluded observation with an optical microscope (OM). It is noteworthy that the initial slight thermal damage was regularly located at the hair shaft but not the hair tip, which should be the key parts when exanimating hairs without obvious thermal damage. Additionally, during very short exposure, the appearance of typical slight thermal damage on fire is probabilistic events. Along with the increase of temperature, the organic compounds in hair were thermally degraded into NH<sub>3</sub>, SCO and carbon CO<sub>2,</sub> resulting in the typical traces of discoloration, expansion, blistering, and cracking presented at hair shafts and tips. The probability of encountering both slight and obvious thermal damage on hair increased with rising temperatures. By observing the traces on the easily overlooked part of the hair shaft, the research established a method to analyze and discriminate the slight thermal damage to hair at fire scene, which provide valuable references for confirming arson suspects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"64 5","pages":"Pages 477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0