Science & Justice最新文献_第10页

Enzyme activity, DNA degradation and drying times of semen, saliva and vaginal material 精液、唾液和阴道物质的酶活性、DNA降解和干燥时间

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.09.001

Jonathan Finnis , Charlotte Murphy , Geraldine Davidson , Karen Alexander , Jennie Lewis , Maggie Boyce , Finlay Kennedy , David Casey , Nicola Clayson , Isla Fraser , Charlotte Hargreaves , Nighean Stevenson , Sharon Doole , Carol Rogers

{"title":"Enzyme activity, DNA degradation and drying times of semen, saliva and vaginal material","authors":"Jonathan Finnis , Charlotte Murphy , Geraldine Davidson , Karen Alexander , Jennie Lewis , Maggie Boyce , Finlay Kennedy , David Casey , Nicola Clayson , Isla Fraser , Charlotte Hargreaves , Nighean Stevenson , Sharon Doole , Carol Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The stability of enzyme activity and the amount of detectable DNA within liquid samples of semen, saliva and vaginal material were tested across a number of days. The concentration of DNA within neat semen and saliva samples fell significantly after one week of refrigeration. No apparent change in acid phosphatase or amylase enzyme activity was observed in neat semen and saliva samples over 96 or 72 h respectively. Changes in the enzyme activity of most of the dilute semen and saliva samples, as well as the neat vaginal material sample, were noted after 24 h. The drying times and sizes of stains produced from various volumes of neat semen, saliva and vaginal material were tested on porous and non-porous surfaces at room temperature. Larger volumes of body fluid took longer to dry and generally resulted in larger stains. Body fluids on a non-porous surface took longer to dry than on the porous surface tested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50198566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From clean spaces to crime scenes: Exploring trace DNA recovery from titania-coated self-cleaning substrates 从清洁空间到犯罪现场：探索从二氧化钛涂层的自清洁基质中回收微量DNA。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.003

Dan Nana Osei Bonsu , Denice Higgins , Jeremy J. Austin

{"title":"From clean spaces to crime scenes: Exploring trace DNA recovery from titania-coated self-cleaning substrates","authors":"Dan Nana Osei Bonsu , Denice Higgins , Jeremy J. Austin","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Titanium dioxide (titania, TiO<sub>2</sub>) is frequently used as a coating for a variety of self-cleaning products, such as antifogging vehicle mirrors, ceramic tiles, and glass windows because of its distinct physiochemical features. When exposed to light TiO<sub>2</sub> causes photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants, potentially compromising DNA integrity. The impact of TiO<sub>2</sub>-coated commercial glasses, Bioclean® and SaniTise™, on trace DNA persistence, recovery, and profiling was investigated. DNA in saliva and touch samples deposited on self-cleaning glass slides exposed to indoor fluorescent light for up to seven days was more degraded than control samples indicating some degree of fluorescent light-induced photocatalytic activity of the self-cleaning surfaces. When exposed to sunlight, DNA yields from saliva and touch samples deposited on the titania-coated substrates decreased rapidly, with a corresponding increase in DNA degradation. After three days no DNA samples applied to self-cleaning glass and exposed to natural sunlight yielded STR profiles. These results suggest that the photocatalytic activation of TiO<sub>2</sub> is the likely mechanism of action underlying the extreme DNA degradation on the Bioclean® and SaniTise™ glasses. Consequently, rapid sample collection and use may be warranted in casework scenarios involving TiO<sub>2</sub>-coated materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examination of misconceptions surrounding fatal fire victims 对致命火灾受害者的误解进行调查。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.001

Mary-Jane Harding, Nicholas Márquez-Grant, Mike Williams

{"title":"Examination of misconceptions surrounding fatal fire victims","authors":"Mary-Jane Harding, Nicholas Márquez-Grant, Mike Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire deaths are not unusual in forensic investigative practice but due to the destructive nature of fire they are often very difficult to investigate. With the need to identify the deceased and the events surrounding the manner and cause of death, knowledge of thermally induced alteration to the human body is important. Within the fire investigation community, a number of misconceptions have been present for years regarding the protrusion of the tongue as an indicator of life during the fire, and fractured skulls as the result of brains boiling and skulls exploding. This work presents qualitative analysis on the experimental burning of 42 unembalmed human donated cadavers by the San Luis Obispo Strike Team (SLOFIST) on their annual Forensic Fire Death Investigation Course (FFDIC) between 2017 and 2019. Prior to burning, the position of the tongue within the dental arch was confirmed and sharp, blunt, surgical and gunshot trauma to the cranium documented. Temperature was recorded from ignition through to suppression with thermocouples present both within the scene and the body. Post burn analysis on the position of the tongue, observation of cranial fractures and presence of brain tissue were recorded and analysed in conjunction with thermocouple data, fire scene dynamics and body demographics. The results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the thermal environmental factors involved in producing the phenomena that facilitate these misconceptions, identifying that a more thorough understanding of individual fire scenes and their development is essential when interpreting alteration and injury to the body of the fatal fire victim.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novices cannot fill the examiners’ shoes: Evidence of footwear examiners’ expertise in shoe comparisons 新手不能胜任考官的工作：鞋类考官在鞋类比较方面专业知识的证据。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.004

R. Chapman , S. Summersby , T. Lang , J. Raymond , K. Ballantyne

{"title":"Novices cannot fill the examiners’ shoes: Evidence of footwear examiners’ expertise in shoe comparisons","authors":"R. Chapman , S. Summersby , T. Lang , J. Raymond , K. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The value of a footwear examiner’s opinion centres on their ability to determine whether a particular shoe made an impression with greater accuracy than a novice. However, there has been limited research on the expertise of footwear examiners and the accuracy and reproducibility of their decisions. In the current study, we measured the accuracy and consensus of 31 footwear examiners versus a comparison group of 29 novices. Participants completed 20 ground truth known mock shoe comparisons. Results demonstrated that footwear examiners were more accurate than novices, regardless of comparison difficulty. Overall, on trials where probative decisions were given, examiners made false identifications and false exclusions on a total of 3% and 2% of trials, while novices made false identifications and false exclusions on a total of 19% and 17% of trials. Examiners also demonstrated better consensus in their opinions than novices, although both groups demonstrated low levels of agreement in their responses and variability in their interpretation of the conclusion scale. In summary, these findings support the proposition that footwear examiners show expert-level performance in matching known and unknown footwear impressions. These performance estimates may help the criminal justice system to appropriately value footwear examination evidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of a range of projectiles on bullet ricochet evidence from 1 mm sheet metal 一系列射弹对1毫米金属板弹壳跳弹证据的影响

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.08.003

Bandula Nishshanka , Chris Shepherd , Randika Ariyarathna , Samindi Madhubha Jayawickrama , Damith Mohotti

引用次数: 0

Half a century of systematic research on heat-induced colour changes in bone – A review 半个世纪以来对热引起的骨骼颜色变化的系统研究——综述。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.002

Joana Rosa , M. Paula M. Marques , David Gonçalves , Maria Teresa Ferreira

{"title":"Half a century of systematic research on heat-induced colour changes in bone – A review","authors":"Joana Rosa , M. Paula M. Marques , David Gonçalves , Maria Teresa Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skeletal human remains presenting heat-induced changes have been a focus of study for a long time. However, there is still a long way to go for the anthropologists to be able to fully interpret and understand these changes. Heat-induced colour modifications are one of the least understood phenomena in bone, displaying a variety of exceptions (e.g., tints of yellow, orange, blue, green, pink, and red) to the expected colour variations that bone can produce when exposed to high temperatures (i.e., ivory, brown, black, various shades of grey, and white). In addition to these, there is a lack of uniformization in the literature regarding the methods to determine the exact colourations observed and the nomenclature used, giving way to subjective descriptions. However, commitment to more objective and reliable methods is visible in more recent research. In this review, we compiled data published in the literature throughout the years to portray the state of the art regarding the potential of heat-induced colour changes for inferring the circumstances of death and the applicability of these methods in the legal framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10671468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

BM1: Events Guide BM1：活动指南

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(23)00095-3

引用次数: 0

BM2: Council Information BM2：理事会信息

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(23)00096-5

引用次数: 0

Investigating DNA barcodes of plants growing in some areas of Iran with high crime rate: Quercus brantii, Curpressus arizonica, Crataegus pentagyna, Ziziphus Spina-chtista, and Buxus hyrcana 调查生长在伊朗一些犯罪率高的地区的植物的DNA条形码：白栎、亚利桑那Curpressus arizonica、五女山楂、刺酸枣和黄杨。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.006

Sajadian Abdollah , Zamanizadeh Hamid Reza , Akhavan Sepahi Abbas , Amani jafar

{"title":"Investigating DNA barcodes of plants growing in some areas of Iran with high crime rate: Quercus brantii, Curpressus arizonica, Crataegus pentagyna, Ziziphus Spina-chtista, and Buxus hyrcana","authors":"Sajadian Abdollah , Zamanizadeh Hamid Reza , Akhavan Sepahi Abbas , Amani jafar","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to criminal botany, the offender unknowingly carries plant samples from the crime scene. Therefore, studying the genetic data of plants native to the crime scene can solve many ambiguities in the criminal files. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the genome of 5 endemic plants in some areas of Iran with high crime rate. <em>Quercus brantii</em>, <em>Curpressus arizonica</em>, <em>Crataegus pentagyna</em>, <em>Ziziphus Spina-chtista,</em> and <em>Buxus hyrcana</em> were assessed using 1 genetic fragment on plastid regions (<em>trnH-psbA</em>) as well as 1 gene on nuclear chromosome called <em>ITS</em>. The alignment of DNA sequences of <em>trnH-psbA</em> and ITS genes was done using BioEdit, Clustal X, and Muscle v4.0 software programs. The phylogenetic analysis was performed on aligned data using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and the Bayesian methods. The Splits Tree v.4.14.4 software program was used for phylogenetic network analysis. Finally, the data combinability test was conducted using the Incongruence Length Difference (ILD) test by PAUP* software program. All data from nrDNA ITS and <em>trnH-psbA</em> sequences were consistent with Information Compatibility Test (ICT) results. Moreover, the nrDNA <em>ITS</em> indicated more resolved relationship than trnH-psbA. The results from MP and Bayesian analyses did not differ significantly between singular and combined forms, except for a slight variance in confidence interval of branches. As the phylogenetic trees provide more thorough and deeper conception of species relations, it is hoped that they would be useful to illuminate some forensic gaps in regions with high crime rates enriched by these plants, not only in Iran, but also in all areas over the world with this vegetation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Realistic solutions for practising forensic scientists – A response to Morrison (2023) 执业法医科学家的现实解决方案——对Morrison的回应（2023）。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.08.002

Christin Kirchhübel, Georgina Brown, Paul Foulkes

引用次数: 0