Science & Justice最新文献

{"title":"BM2: Council Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00117-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00117-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 5","pages":"Article 101511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BM1: Events Guide","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00116-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00116-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 5","pages":"Article 101510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prelim 3: Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00114-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00114-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 5","pages":"Article 101508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BM2: Council Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00085-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00085-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BM1: Events Guide","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00084-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00084-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study in investigative interpretation of cell-site observations: Estimating locations of mobile telephones in the absence of survey data","authors":"Matt Tart,&nbsp;Jonathan Heathcote,&nbsp;Geoffrey Stewart Morrison","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 14-year-old girl (the victim) was reported missing. Call-data records were obtained for the mobile telephone of the victim and for the mobile telephone of the suspected abductor. The telephones were registered with different networks. Each telephone connected to a pair of antennas that were approximately 640 m apart. The antennas of the different networks were adjacent to one another. Survey data mapping the service areas (the cells) for the four antennas were not available. We assisted the investigation by, without using survey data, estimating the area within which the two telephones were most likely to be located. We estimated areas for each telephone separately and an area assuming that the telephones were co-located. The latter area was approximately a rectangle about 125 m long and less than 50 m wide. The present paper describes the methods that we used. Those methods made use of the locations of the antennas, the point-directions (azimuths) of the antennas, and timing-advance information. We discuss limitations of the methods used and discuss desirable properties for improved methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on the effects of deposition pressure on the quality and intensity of eccrine fingermarks on paper","authors":"Yongin Kim,&nbsp;Almeida Myfanwy Alonza,&nbsp;Hyunji Kim,&nbsp;Sungwook Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When preparing multiple latent fingermarks for comparative analysis on porous substrates, consistent quality and intensity are essential for reliable interpretation. While controlled deposition pressure is often assumed to improve reproducibility, its actual influence on eccrine fingermark characteristics remains inadequately characterized. To investigate this effect, fingermarks were deposited on paper by applying controlled loads of 570 g, 900 g, and 1200 g to the fingertip, after which fingermark quality and intensity were evaluated. The results confirmed that the applied pressure did not show a consistent or systematic effect on fingermark quality or intensity. Furthermore, when multiple fingermarks were sequentially deposited using the same finger at approximately 13-min intervals, later deposits tended to exhibit lower quality and intensity than earlier ones, despite sweat regeneration prior to each deposition, although this pattern was not uniform across all donors. These findings suggest that, to produce multiple fingermarks with consistent quality and intensity on paper, the split method appears to be the most reliable approach within this experimental context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prelim 3: Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00082-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1355-0306(26)00082-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined FTIR and X-ray diffraction for estimating heat-induced metric skeletal changes using chemosteometric regression models","authors":"D. Gonçalves,&nbsp;G. Piga,&nbsp;A.R. Vassalo,&nbsp;C. Makhoul,&nbsp;A.P. Mamede,&nbsp;S.F. Parker,&nbsp;M.T. Ferreira,&nbsp;E. Cunha,&nbsp;M.P.M. Marques,&nbsp;L.A.E. Batista de Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>chemosteometric</em> regression models proposed by Gonçalves et al. (2020) based on data obtained through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode provided encouraging results regarding the prediction of heat-induced metric changes in human bone. In this study, the potential of c<em>hemosteometry</em> was further explored by adding powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Bones from six experimentally burnt human skeletons from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection (four females and two males with ages at death between 62 and 88 years) were measured before and after burning. Cortical bone was sampled from each bone and analysed through FTIR-ATR and XRD. The resulting data were used to build regression models to predict the percentage of heat-induced metric changes. Results were then compared to the actual metric changes. Chemometric data that most significantly correlated with such changes were the infrared band at 3572 cm⁻¹(hydroxyapatite O<img>H stretch) and the XRD crystallite size. The infrared crystallinity index also provided relevant information for the regression models. Adjusted R² of the regression models ranged between 0.20 and 0.68 and mean absolute error (MAE) values ranged between 2.59 and 4.22 percentage points. Models based only on the maximum length of clavicles, metacarpals and metatarsals provided even better predictions, suggesting that results vary according to bone type. In contrast, correction factors of 10%, 12% and 15% resulted in higher MAE of 5.50, 6.34 and 8.20 percentage points in the same sample, respectively. The added benefit of adding the XRD crystallite size to models including FTIR data was ambiguous, appearing to be irrelevant for the overall sample, but improving estimations in the subsample that only comprised bones with diaphysis. The results suggest that the prediction of heat-induced shrinkage in epiphyseal measurements is to some extent undermined by using FTIR and XRD data obtained from cortical bone samples. This study concluded that <em>chemosteometry</em> provides an objective case-by-case prediction of heat-induced shrinkage, having clear advantages over the shrinkage correction factor approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational definitions and evidentiary readiness for XR, digital twins, virtual worlds and metaverse-like systems in forensic and legal medicine","authors":"Gianmarco Sirago,&nbsp;Francesco Calò,&nbsp;Biagio Solarino,&nbsp;Alessandro Dell'Erba,&nbsp;Davide Ferorelli","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2026.101468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extended reality (XR), three-dimensional reconstructions, digital twins, virtual worlds and metaverse-like environments are increasingly proposed for forensic and legal medicine, yet the field — including our own earlier contributions — is fragmented by heterogeneous terminology and aspirational claims that are rarely specified in a verifiable manner. This ambiguity undermines reproducibility, impedes comparison across studies, and risks premature courtroom use of visually persuasive but insufficiently validated reconstructions. Here we propose an operational, anti-hype taxonomy that distinguishes extended reality (XR: virtual, augmented and mixed reality), digital twins, virtual worlds, and metaverse-like environments in ways that are actionable for forensic workflows. We define what is and what is not ‘metaverse’ in a forensic context by specifying minimum evidentiary criteria: persistence, synchronous multi-user interaction, identity/role management, interaction traceability (audit trail), and interoperability or at least portable state capture, all under explicit data governance. We then map functional categories (training and competency maintenance; scene investigation; autopsy and post-mortem imaging augmentation; injury documentation and reconstruction; courtroom visualisation; remote collaboration and teleforensics) to typical medico-legal workflows, identifying where spatial technologies can add measurable value and where they introduce non-trivial risks, including perceptual and cognitive biases, error propagation from acquisition and registration, and threats to provenance and chain of custody. Finally, we articulate minimum ‘evidentiary readiness’ requirements and a research agenda to move the field from demonstrations to evidence-grade systems: benchmark datasets, uncertainty quantification, black-box/ground-truth validation studies, human-factors evaluations, and standardised reporting and governance. This vocabulary and taxonomy are intended as a shared baseline for authors, reviewers, laboratories and courts considering XR and metaverse-like tools in forensic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"66 4","pages":"Article 101468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}