{"title":"象牙还是骨头?利用ATR-FTIR光谱和化学计量学进行鉴别","authors":"Chandra Prakash Sharma , Dimple Bhatia , Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101261","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elephant ivory is one of the most priced items/products in the illegal wildlife trade. Its increased demand and the dwindling population of elephants have led to a heavy influx of many natural and artificial elephant ivory substitutes in the illegal wildlife market. Identification of genuine elephant ivory and distinguishing it from substitutes is mandatory for<!--> <!-->subsequent legal proceedings and successful implementation of the related laws. In this study, 30 Asian elephant (<em>Elephas maximus</em>) ivory and 29 cattle (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) bone samples were evaluated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics. ATR-FTIR spectra of ivory and bone samples in the mid-IR range were visually compared and subjected to advanced chemometric analysis. The developed PCA model differentiated the ivory and cattle bone samples, with 98.30 % accuracy. PLS-DA model successfully differentiated ivory and bone samples into discrete classes with a calibration R square value of 0.99. A PLSDA-V model was also developed utilizing X-variables with a VIP score > 1 that distinguished ivory and bone samples into discrete classes. It was observed that the PLS-DA model outperformed the PLSDA-V model in terms of high accuracy and low error rates. Subsequently, the PLS-DA model was employed solely for external validation and blind tests. Furthermore, resin-based fake ivory samples were also differentiated from genuine ivory samples through visual comparison of their ATR-FTIR spectra. The findings of the study showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could identify and differentiate ivory and bone samples, even when they are in powdered form and have lost their morphological characteristics in a quick, precise, non-destructive manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ivory or Bone? discrimination using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics\",\"authors\":\"Chandra Prakash Sharma , Dimple Bhatia , Rajinder Singh\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101261\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Elephant ivory is one of the most priced items/products in the illegal wildlife trade. Its increased demand and the dwindling population of elephants have led to a heavy influx of many natural and artificial elephant ivory substitutes in the illegal wildlife market. Identification of genuine elephant ivory and distinguishing it from substitutes is mandatory for<!--> <!-->subsequent legal proceedings and successful implementation of the related laws. In this study, 30 Asian elephant (<em>Elephas maximus</em>) ivory and 29 cattle (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) bone samples were evaluated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics. ATR-FTIR spectra of ivory and bone samples in the mid-IR range were visually compared and subjected to advanced chemometric analysis. The developed PCA model differentiated the ivory and cattle bone samples, with 98.30 % accuracy. PLS-DA model successfully differentiated ivory and bone samples into discrete classes with a calibration R square value of 0.99. A PLSDA-V model was also developed utilizing X-variables with a VIP score > 1 that distinguished ivory and bone samples into discrete classes. It was observed that the PLS-DA model outperformed the PLSDA-V model in terms of high accuracy and low error rates. Subsequently, the PLS-DA model was employed solely for external validation and blind tests. Furthermore, resin-based fake ivory samples were also differentiated from genuine ivory samples through visual comparison of their ATR-FTIR spectra. The findings of the study showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could identify and differentiate ivory and bone samples, even when they are in powdered form and have lost their morphological characteristics in a quick, precise, non-destructive manner.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49565,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Science & Justice\",\"volume\":\"65 4\",\"pages\":\"Article 101261\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Science & Justice\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030625000450\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, LEGAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Science & Justice","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030625000450","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, LEGAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivory or Bone? discrimination using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Elephant ivory is one of the most priced items/products in the illegal wildlife trade. Its increased demand and the dwindling population of elephants have led to a heavy influx of many natural and artificial elephant ivory substitutes in the illegal wildlife market. Identification of genuine elephant ivory and distinguishing it from substitutes is mandatory for subsequent legal proceedings and successful implementation of the related laws. In this study, 30 Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) ivory and 29 cattle (Bubalus bubalis) bone samples were evaluated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics. ATR-FTIR spectra of ivory and bone samples in the mid-IR range were visually compared and subjected to advanced chemometric analysis. The developed PCA model differentiated the ivory and cattle bone samples, with 98.30 % accuracy. PLS-DA model successfully differentiated ivory and bone samples into discrete classes with a calibration R square value of 0.99. A PLSDA-V model was also developed utilizing X-variables with a VIP score > 1 that distinguished ivory and bone samples into discrete classes. It was observed that the PLS-DA model outperformed the PLSDA-V model in terms of high accuracy and low error rates. Subsequently, the PLS-DA model was employed solely for external validation and blind tests. Furthermore, resin-based fake ivory samples were also differentiated from genuine ivory samples through visual comparison of their ATR-FTIR spectra. The findings of the study showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could identify and differentiate ivory and bone samples, even when they are in powdered form and have lost their morphological characteristics in a quick, precise, non-destructive manner.
期刊介绍:
Science & Justice provides a forum to promote communication and publication of original articles, reviews and correspondence on subjects that spark debates within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector. The journal provides a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed. Science & Justice is published six times a year, and will be of interest primarily to practising forensic scientists and their colleagues in related fields. It is chiefly concerned with the publication of formal scientific papers, in keeping with its international learned status, but will not accept any article describing experimentation on animals which does not meet strict ethical standards.
Promote communication and informed debate within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector.
To promote the publication of learned and original research findings from all areas of the forensic sciences and by so doing to advance the profession.
To promote the publication of case based material by way of case reviews.
To promote the publication of conference proceedings which are of interest to the forensic science community.
To provide a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed.
To appeal to all those with an interest in the forensic sciences.