Science & Justice最新文献_第2页

UK National Fingerprint Collaborative Exercise 2022-23 2022-23 年英国国家指纹协作计划

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.09.004

A. Exall, G. Harris, L. Hussey, H. Bandey, S. Vassell

引用次数: 0

BM1: Events Guide BM1：活动指南

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(24)00088-1

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor: “Edwards curve digital signature algorithm for video integrity verification on blockchain framework” 致编辑的信："区块链框架上用于视频完整性验证的爱德华曲线数字签名算法"

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.005

Linju Lawrence , R. Shreelekshmi

{"title":"Letter to the editor: “Edwards curve digital signature algorithm for video integrity verification on blockchain framework”","authors":"Linju Lawrence , R. Shreelekshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Video integrity is a crucial aspect of forensic science that guarantees the reliability and validity of visual evidence used in court proceedings. In an era where digital alteration tools are readily available, ensuring that video recordings remain unmodified is essential to upholding the integrity of the legal system. Our technique offers a new, simple way to check the integrity of video data. Our approach makes use of the BLAKE2b hash function, the blockchain, and the Edwards Curve Digital Signature Algorithm. Video segments are pre-recorded video clips for which signatures are generated and kept in chronological blocks. To provide an additional degree of protection, the signature from the prior block is kept in the present block. These signatures are validated at the moment of validation. According to experimental data, our method performs faster and more securely than state-of-the-art approaches. With negligible extra storage requirements, our approach can detect every kind of counterfeit on any video file, by anybody, at any time. Our security analysis further demonstrates that our approach is resistant to a wide range of attacks, such as side channel, collision, key substitution, and chosen message assaults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of accelerant facilitated fire on blood detection and the efficacy of subsequent soot removal methods 助燃剂助燃对血迹检测的影响以及后续烟尘清除方法的功效

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.007

Anna Kozbor, Katie Davidson, Felicity Carlysle-Davies

{"title":"The impact of accelerant facilitated fire on blood detection and the efficacy of subsequent soot removal methods","authors":"Anna Kozbor, Katie Davidson, Felicity Carlysle-Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous literature has established that recovering heat damaged body fluids is possible, however with little investigation into the effect of accelerants used in initiating arson fires. This study therefore aimed to determine whether presumptive blood detection was affected by heat damage resulting from accelerant facilitated fires. Another objective was to examine various techniques for removing soot, which is a noted barrier to blood detection. The study focused on blood deposited on household flooring materials, one porous and one nonporous surface: carpet and tile respectively. Samples were burned with butane, petrol, and kerosene then presumptively tested using the Kastle Meyer colourimetric blood detection test. Testing was then repeated following soot removal by either wiping, scraping, or using liquid latex. The “strength” of positive detections was evaluated using a scale based on reaction speed and colour intensity. Results demonstrated that accelerants weakened detection strength, although nearly all samples tested positive overall, and the impact of each accelerant on both surface types was largely similar. It was also discovered that soot removal improved the strength of blood detection results in approximately 69% of carpet and 47% of tile samples, with wiping being the superior method on both surface types. Consequently, introducing this investigative step may be critical to maximizing blood evidence recovery in arson casework. These findings indicate the worth in recovering severely burned items, particularly for evidence as crucial as blood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030624000819/pdfft?md5=ebba83f29d9387acf93df532fdf59f3f&pid=1-s2.0-S1355030624000819-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BM2: Council Information BM2：理事会信息

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(24)00089-3

引用次数: 0

Prelim 3: Contents 预赛 3：内容

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(24)00087-X

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor: “Edwards curve digital signature algorithm for video integrity verification on blockchain framework” 致编辑的信："区块链框架上用于视频完整性验证的爱德华曲线数字签名算法"

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.004

Nishchal Soni

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study on the stability of bare footprint linear measurements in four motion states 关于四种运动状态下裸脚印线性测量稳定性的初步研究

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.006

Kai Sun , Yaping Luo

{"title":"A preliminary study on the stability of bare footprint linear measurements in four motion states","authors":"Kai Sun , Yaping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In some crime scenes, there may be bare footprints. Analyzing and testing the linear measurements of bare footprints in crime scenes can play an important role in personal analysis and individual identification. However, the linear measurements of bare footprints may be influenced by different motion states, leading to changes in length and width or even significant deviations. Previous studies focused on the linear differences between static and dynamic footprints, and failed to take the speed factor into consideration. This paper studied the stability and change regularities of the linear measurements of bare footprints in four different motion states: standing, normal walking, fast walking and trotting. Dust footprints of the right feet were collected from 80 healthy young adults under these four motion states. Seven linear measurements were obtained for each footprint using the Reel method, totaling 2240 data sets. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the measurement variations across the four states. The results showed that there were statistically significant variances in the length measurements (A1-A5) between the standing state and other motion states, whereas no statistically significant variances were observed between the three dynamic states. It was found that the mean values of the five length measurements (A1–A5) increased from static to dynamic state, and then gradually decreased slightly as the walking speed increased. Additionally, no significant differences were found in the two width measurements (MPJ Width and Calc Width) between the four motion states. As a preliminary study, this study can provide a reference for the analysis of bare footprints in different motion states extracted from crime scenes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic and inorganic gunshot residues on the hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of shooters 30 min after a discharge 开枪 30 分钟后，枪手的手、前臂、脸和鼻孔中的有机和无机枪击残留物

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.002

Virginie Redouté Minzière, Céline Weyermann

{"title":"Organic and inorganic gunshot residues on the hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of shooters 30 min after a discharge","authors":"Virginie Redouté Minzière, Céline Weyermann","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the investigation of firearm-related incidents, gunshot residues (GSR) can be collected on the scene and individuals (e.g., shooters or bystanders). Their analysis can give valuable information for the reconstruction of the events. Since GSR collection on persons of interest generally occurs a few minutes to hours after discharge, knowledge is needed to understand how organic (O), and inorganic (I) residues are transferred and persist. In this research, the quantities of OGSR and IGSR were assessed on the right and left hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of four shooters. Specimens were collected immediately before the discharge (shooter’s blank specimens) and shortly after (30 min) using carbon adhesive stubs. Organic compounds were first extracted from the collection device and analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Subsequently, IGSR particles were detected on the same stub using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Shooter’s blank specimen analysis revealed background contamination of both O and IGSR in the shooter’s environment, predominantly attributed to the presence of an indoor shooting range. However, the background quantities generally remained below the associated 30-minute specimen. Thirty minutes after a discharge, higher quantities were generally detected on the shooter’s right and left hands than on other collection regions for both GSR types. Forearms and face emerged as interesting collection alternatives, especially in cases where a person of interest may have washed their hands in the interval between the discharge and collection. In contrast, very low amounts of GSR were detected in the nostrils. Furthermore, the results indicated that OGSR and IGSR have different transfer and persistence mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030624000765/pdfft?md5=29df7f206691f54db449a28e54a13fb1&pid=1-s2.0-S1355030624000765-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the evidential value of low-quality face images with aggregation of deep neural network embeddings 利用深度神经网络嵌入聚合提高低质量人脸图像的证据价值

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.006

Rafael Oliveira Ribeiro , João C. Neves , Arnout Ruifrok , Flavio de Barros Vidal

{"title":"Improving the evidential value of low-quality face images with aggregation of deep neural network embeddings","authors":"Rafael Oliveira Ribeiro , João C. Neves , Arnout Ruifrok , Flavio de Barros Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In forensic facial comparison, questioned-source images are usually captured in uncontrolled environments, with non-uniform lighting, and from non-cooperative subjects. The poor quality of such material usually compromises their value as evidence in legal proceedings. On the other hand, in forensic casework, multiple images of the person of interest are usually available. In this paper, we propose to aggregate deep neural network embeddings from various images of the same person to improve the performance in forensic comparison of facial images. We observe significant performance improvements, especially for low-quality images. Further improvements are obtained by aggregating embeddings of more images and by applying quality-weighted aggregation. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach in forensic evaluation settings with the development and validation of common-source likelihood ratio systems and report improvements in <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>llr</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span> both for CCTV images and for social media images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135503062400073X/pdfft?md5=ac95dc66365015c576a0c8cede1d6cdd&pid=1-s2.0-S135503062400073X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0