Science & Justice最新文献_第2页

The isotopic and elemental patterns of uranium ore as tools for its provenance determination: A systematic review 铀矿石同位素和元素模式作为确定其物源的工具：系统综述

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101252

Lazaro H. Meza , Mohamed S. Mazunga , John W. Kondoro , Iyabo T. Usman , Titus A. Msagati , Farai F. Mlambo , Innocent J. Lugendo , Mwingereza J. Kumwenda

{"title":"The isotopic and elemental patterns of uranium ore as tools for its provenance determination: A systematic review","authors":"Lazaro H. Meza , Mohamed S. Mazunga , John W. Kondoro , Iyabo T. Usman , Titus A. Msagati , Farai F. Mlambo , Innocent J. Lugendo , Mwingereza J. Kumwenda","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review explores the potential of isotopic and elemental analysis of uranium ore as tools for provenance determination. This capability is vital for effective criminal investigations involving illicit trafficking, environmental contamination, terrorism and nuclear proliferation. A comprehensive literature review was conducted across multiple databases, focusing on studies that utilized isotopic and elemental analysis techniques for uranium origin assessment. The included studies were critically evaluated for methodological rigor. The review found that both isotopic and elemental analysis provides valuable insights into the provenance of uranium ore. Isotopic analysis, in particular, has been established as a powerful tool for tracking the origin of uranium ore. It has potential applications in forensic investigations, nuclear security and safeguards. However, the full potential of elemental patterns remains underutilized. Integrating both techniques could enhance the discriminatory power of provenance assessments. Key challenges, such as limitations in existing databases, analytical techniques and sample contaminations, hinder the definitive determination of uranium origin. To address these challenges, the review emphasizes the need for collaboration between researchers and law enforcement agencies. This collaboration should focus on expanding geochemical databases, developing standardized methodologies, and fostering interdisciplinary cooperation. By overcoming these limitations, the forensic community can significantly improve its ability to investigate uranium-related crimes, contributing to national security, safeguards and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 101252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing forensic firearm examination protocol: Shotgun firing pin impressions 先进的法医枪支检查程序：霰弹枪的弹孔印

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101253

Aylin Yalçın Sarıbey , Rachel S. Bolton King , Ali Çetin , Serdar Uysal

{"title":"Advancing forensic firearm examination protocol: Shotgun firing pin impressions","authors":"Aylin Yalçın Sarıbey , Rachel S. Bolton King , Ali Çetin , Serdar Uysal","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theory of forensic firearm examination relies on the assumption that of the two contacting surfaces, the harder surface leaves marks on the softer one. The class and individual characteristics left by firearm parts undergo change due to several key variables, including the ammunition, and the firearm themselves. Notably, the characteristics are subject to distinct or permanent change during the first few fires immediately after manufacturing. In contrast, alterations arising from the many other factors associated with the shooting process tend to develop with slight variations. Using four different shotgun, this study examined the distinct changes observed in the individual characteristics formed by firing pins on fired shotshell cases. Understanding the manufacturing processes and conducting elemental analysis on the firing pins was necessary during this examination. The choice of material used to construct the shotgun firing pin appears to be the main reason for the inconsistent and changing marks observed on the fired shotshell cases. Although the changing individual characteristics within firing pin impressions could hinder the forensic comparison and examination of the shotgun, this study demonstrates how an integrated, holistic approach can overcome this challenge through the comparison and analysis of other firearm parts’ marks. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of forensic firearm examination by evidencing the contribution and importance of the firearm part’s material composition and the need to document the part’s surface prior to test firing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An evaluation of the effect of powders on fingermarks developed with cyanoacrylate fuming 粉末对氰基丙烯酸酯熏烟手印效果的评价

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101251

Will Stoddart , Emily Blackman , Hannah Pearson , Paul Deacon , Rachel Armitage , Kevin J. Farrugia

{"title":"An evaluation of the effect of powders on fingermarks developed with cyanoacrylate fuming","authors":"Will Stoddart , Emily Blackman , Hannah Pearson , Paul Deacon , Rachel Armitage , Kevin J. Farrugia","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming for the detection of fingermarks is generally followed by a secondary process such as dye staining or powdering. This study presents Phase 2 trials with planted fingermarks across five enhancement sequences comparing the use of basic yellow 40 (BY40) dye staining and a variety of powders (black magnetic powder, Bristol Black and <em>fp</em>Natural® 1 and 2) after CA fuming on two different types of plastic materials. Other variables included 10 fingermark donors, four ageing periods and 50 depletions. These trials were then followed by Phase 3 trials to assess whether the results observed in Phase 2 trials are replicated on similar plastic items typically submitted to forensic laboratories. For Phase 2 trials, the use of BY40 as a secondary process to CA fuming resulted in more high-quality graded marks when compared to powdering. The fingermark grading data from the five enhancement sequences showed a significant difference with a moderate effect size. With the exception of black magnetic powder, the powdering of CA-treated marks resulted in a detrimental effect due to infill of ridge detail. BY40 staining after the use of powders improved some of the detrimental effects; however, the use of BY40 without powders, in general, was more effective. Phase 3 trials yielded a correlation to Phase 2 trials whereby the two-step process of CA fuming with BY40 was the most effective enhancement sequence. It is therefore recommended that BY40 dye staining, rather than powders, is employed as a secondary process to CA fuming, unless the use of BY40 is not possible due to the porosity of the substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 101251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contacting surfaces are rarely DNA Free: Another look at transfer when both surfaces have DNA 接触面很少是无DNA的：当两个表面都有DNA时，再看看转移

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101248

Georga Sallows , Duncan Taylor , Roland A.H. van Oorschot , Mariya Goray

{"title":"Contacting surfaces are rarely DNA Free: Another look at transfer when both surfaces have DNA","authors":"Georga Sallows , Duncan Taylor , Roland A.H. van Oorschot , Mariya Goray","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery (TPPR) has become increasingly crucial in forensic investigations. Most DNA transfer studies have focused on one-way transfer, neglecting bi-directional exchange. This study examines two-way transfer of blood and touch DNA between plastic and cotton substrates under passive and friction conditions, using methods from previous unidirectional transfer experiments.</div><div>Our investigation established statistically significant correlations between bi-directional DNA transfer rates and manner of contact but not substrate type and type of biological material. While, in general, no significant differences were noted between bi-directional and unidirectional transfer rates, significant differences were observed for certain variable combinations where unidirectional transfer resulted in higher transfer rates. This research provides baseline data on bi-directional DNA transfer under semi-controlled conditions, complementing existing unidirectional transfer knowledge. Understanding bi-directional transfer is crucial for accurately modelling DNA transfer events in forensic scenarios, especially for activity level evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 101248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a procedure for toxicants detection in baits and animal organs in case of suspected poisoning by using GC–MS and LC-MS/MS, as a part of systematic toxicological analysis based on 15 years of experience 基于15年的系统毒理学分析经验，利用GC-MS和LC-MS/MS对疑似中毒的毒饵和动物器官中的毒物检测程序进行验证

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101247

Claudia Focardi, Giulia Biancalani, Gerardina Marmo, Federica Ramundi, Ilaria Amidei, Luca Messeri, Bruno Neri

{"title":"Validation of a procedure for toxicants detection in baits and animal organs in case of suspected poisoning by using GC–MS and LC-MS/MS, as a part of systematic toxicological analysis based on 15 years of experience","authors":"Claudia Focardi, Giulia Biancalani, Gerardina Marmo, Federica Ramundi, Ilaria Amidei, Luca Messeri, Bruno Neri","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to describe a Systematic Toxicological Analysis (STA) procedure adopted for the determination of toxicants in baits or samples derived from suspected poisoned animals. Extraction and purification were based on a QuEChERS-like technique, while instrumental identification was conducted using both GC–MS and LC-MS/MS. The procedure was designed for the routine screening of 42 target toxicants, along with untargeted screening based on GC–MS with AMDIS program (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) and with Excalibur<sup>TM</sup> software. Validation of the target toxicants was performed by calculating the limit of detection, specificity, matrix effect, and carry over, using fortified samples of liver, gastric content and sausage. Limits of detection ranged between 0.02 and 2.5 mg/Kg and no significant interfering peaks due to matrix were observed. Carry-over was noted at concentrations greater than tenfold 10 mg/L. The matrix effect was estimated for all the matrices, with the most significant effect observed for gastric content.</div><div>The procedure was implemented in the laboratory to investigate authentic cases of animal poisoning, demonstrating that preliminary screening is crucial for reducing the criticalities such as response time and the suitability of analytes under investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 101247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sequence-based genotyping of 58 STRs and 94 iiSNPs with Verogen’s ForenSeq DNA signature prep kit in Mexican-Mestizos from Jalisco state (West, México) 使用Verogen的ForenSeq DNA标记试剂盒对哈利斯科州墨西哥-梅斯蒂索人的58个STRs和94个iiSNPs进行序列分型

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101246

Mayra E. García-Aceves , José A. Aguilar-Velázquez , Lennon Meléndez-Aranda , Miranda F. Córdoba–Mercado , Carolina E. Coronado–Ávila , Orlando Salas–Salas , Antonio González-Martín , Benito Ramos–González , Héctor Rangel-Villalobos

{"title":"Sequence-based genotyping of 58 STRs and 94 iiSNPs with Verogen’s ForenSeq DNA signature prep kit in Mexican-Mestizos from Jalisco state (West, México)","authors":"Mayra E. García-Aceves , José A. Aguilar-Velázquez , Lennon Meléndez-Aranda , Miranda F. Córdoba–Mercado , Carolina E. Coronado–Ávila , Orlando Salas–Salas , Antonio González-Martín , Benito Ramos–González , Héctor Rangel-Villalobos","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) allows simultaneous detection of sequence variation of both Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Short tandem repeats (STRs) with different inheritance patterns, such as autosomal (aSTRs), patrilineal Y-linked (Y-STRs), and X-chromosomal (X-STRs). However, to apply these methodologies for Human Identification (HID), population databases with sequence-based (SB) allele frequencies are needed. For this reason, we sequenced 58 STRs (aSTRs, X-STRs, and Y-STRs) and 94 identity informative SNPs (iiSNPs) on 95 Mexican-Mestizo (admixed) individuals from the Jalisco state (West, Mexico), with the Primer Set-A of the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit. For SB allele calling, we used the recent ISFG recommendations for STR sequence nomenclature. The information provided by the SB variation (including flanking regions) in the STRs increased their allelic diversity regarding the length-based (LB) alleles, as follows: 46.2%, 47%, and 18.4% for aSTRs, X-STRs, and Y-STRs, respectively. The combined power of discrimination for aSTRs was virtually 100% based on LB and SB alleles, whereas the combined power of exclusion was 99.9999999977% and 99.9999999999%, respectively. The haplotypes based on X-STRs and Y-STRs show 100% of discriminatory capacity. Our results showed an increase in allele diversity and discriminatory capacity of this genomic system regarding forensic kits based on capillary electrophoresis. This study represents an effort to incorporate more genomic databases from Mexico and Latin America for the forensic application of MPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 101246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BM2: Council Information BM2：理事会信息

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00025-5

引用次数: 0

Prelim 3: Contents 前言3：内容

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00023-1

引用次数: 0

BM1: Events Guide BM1：事件指南

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00024-3

引用次数: 0

Human factors in triaging forensic items: Casework pressures and ambiguity aversion 鉴定法医物品的人为因素：个案工作压力和歧义厌恶

IF 1.9 4区医学

Science & Justice Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.02.001

Mohammed A. Almazrouei , Itiel E. Dror , Ruth M. Morgan , Ohad Dan , Megan Paterson , Ifat Levy

{"title":"Human factors in triaging forensic items: Casework pressures and ambiguity aversion","authors":"Mohammed A. Almazrouei , Itiel E. Dror , Ruth M. Morgan , Ohad Dan , Megan Paterson , Ifat Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triaging is an important step in deciding which items collected from crime scenes to select for forensic analysis, and so subsequent examination and findings often depend on it. This study aims to evaluate the influence of casework pressures and tolerance to ambiguity on triaging of items collected from a crime scene. A realistic pressure manipulation paradigm was developed and was found to be effective in inducing feelings of pressure in participants in an online setting. This pressure manipulation did not affect triaging decisions for both triaging experts (<em>N</em> = 48) and non-experts (<em>N</em> = 98). However, the results revealed inconsistent decisions, even among experts under identical pressure conditions and comparable background demographics. The findings also suggest that ambiguity aversion is an important factor to consider, as it can play a role in early hypotheses (e.g., reaching a decisive or inconclusive impression about a case), among other considerations. This study offers valuable insight for the development of policies for more consistent forensic triaging decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 2","pages":"Pages 149-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0