Science and Engineering Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Addressing Value Tensions in the Design of Technologies to Support Older Persons (AgeTech) Using Responsible Research and Innovation and Value Sensitive Design.","authors":"Nadine Andrea Felber, Wendy Lipworth, Yi Jiao Angelina Tian, Vanessa Duong, Tenzin Wangmo","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00541-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00541-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ageing of the global population has prompted the development of many technologies to support older persons (AgeTech). Those developing AgeTech need to not only consider different end users, including older persons and their caregivers, but also be cognizant of the fact that these groups have a variety of, often conflicting, values. The frameworks of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Value-Sensitive Design (VSD) both emphasize the integration of end users' values into the process of designing new technologies. Drawing from recent empirical and theoretical AgeTech literature, this article presents an argument for applying these frameworks to the field of AgeTech to successfully identify values and manage tensions among them. It aims to inform a more successful AgeTech innovation process in which new technologies represent and prioritize what their intended end users value.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 4","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value-Sensitive Design of Potable Water Reuse: Aligning Academic Research with Societal Concerns.","authors":"Karen Moesker, Martijn Wiarda","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00542-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00542-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As global water scarcity worsens, potable water reuse is increasingly considered a vital solution for augmenting water supplies. However, public acceptance remains a significant barrier, presumably because of a misalignment between the public values reflected by these systems and those that are held by the communities that these systems intend to serve. This study explores this potential misalignment by systematically identifying and analysing the most prevalent values inscribed in academic research on potable water reuse. We employ a mixed-methods approach, combining probabilistic topic modelling with thematic analysis of 2940 academic publications to identify and conceptualise latent values discussed in the literature. Our findings suggest that the values 'reliability', 'sustainability', 'health', and 'safety' are most prevalent but that their conceptualisation remains largely ambivalent. For example, sustainability exhibits an ambivalent relationship with safety, sometimes conflicting and sometimes supporting, depending on the research perspective. Crucially, this research demonstrates a predominantly technocentric understanding of these values. While this technical focus is undeniably important, it also risks overlooking broader societal concerns and other value interpretations. This research highlights the need for a more value-sensitive approach to ensure a more responsible potable water reuse, incorporating a wider range of public values to promote the system's social and ethical desirability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 4","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Limits of the Data Economy: The Case of Autonomous Vehicles.","authors":"Björn Lundgren","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00540-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00540-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 4","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aligning Scientific Values and Research Integrity: A Study of Researchers' Perceptions and Practices in Four Countries.","authors":"Dan Li, Le Thu Mach, Gustaaf Cornelis","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00539-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00539-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientific values are considered to play a significant role in responsible conduct of research education, such as raising awareness, changing cognition, and altering behavior. However, there is still a lack of empirical evidence regarding the relationship between scientists' subscription of scientific values and research integrity behaviors. This paper presents a cross-national study that examines researchers' perceptions and practices regards research integrity. The results show correlations between value adherence, level of acceptance of research misbehaviors, and self-reported research misbehavior. The study also reveals significant variations in these variables among researchers from different countries, academic positions, age groups, and genders. This cross-national investigation offers valuable insights into researchers' attitudes and behaviors regarding research misconduct, contributing to the promotion of ethical research practices worldwide and enhancing the credibility and integrity of scientific endeavors. Further research involving larger samples and more countries would provide deeper insights into the developments in researchers' perceptions of research misbehavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 3","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postphenomenological Study: Using Generative Knowing and Science Fiction for Fostering Speculative Reflection on AI-nudge Experience.","authors":"Ahreum Lim, Aliki Nicolaides, Xiaoou Yang, Beshoy Morkos","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00534-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00534-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents an evidence-based argument for integrating participatory inquiry practices into AI education, using science fiction films as a primary tool for examining human-technology relationships. Through a media-enhanced co-inquiry approach, facilitators and students first explore the entanglements of human-technology interactions before engaging with AI nudges-productivity prompts introduced during time-constrained, interdependent assembly tasks in an experimental setting. A postphenomenological analysis of focus group interview data reveals that students' collective responses to AI nudges reflect the competitive pedagogical culture of engineering, often reinforcing rigid, task-driven adaptation. However, moments of attunement to material conditions suggest that speculative thinking can serve as a catalyst for renegotiating entrenched norms of engineering rationality. By facilitating the movement of concepts and generating productive friction, speculation disrupts dominant conceptualizations of AI that the engineering community often readily subscribes to. This study highlights the necessity of a cultural shift in engineering education-one that embraces speculative inquiry as a means of fostering sociotechnical reflection and reimagining human-technology relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 3","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Technologies and Impermissible Delays: The Case of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.","authors":"Simon Rosenqvist, Magnus Dustler, Johan Brännmark","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00535-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00535-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper argues that we have a moral obligation to implement certain health technologies even if we have limited or incomplete evidence of their effectiveness. The focus is on technologies used in non-emergency settings, as opposed to \"exceptional cases\" such as compassionate use and emergency approvals during public health emergencies. A broadly plausible moral principle - the Ecumenical Principle - is introduced and applied to a test case: the use of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in mammographic screening. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of the Ecumenical Principle for the adoption of other new health technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 3","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threads and Needles: A Value-Sensitive Design Approach to Online Toxicity.","authors":"Ryan Jenkins","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00533-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00533-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper engages with the problem of toxic speech online and suggests remedies inspired by the value-sensitive design literature (VSD), suggesting that the designers of online platforms should explore methods of adding friction to online conversations. Second, this paper examines a historical case of designing a communications platform to offer methods to users to inculcate norms of acceptable behavior by introducing friction into synchronous conversations. This is the case of America Online (AOL) Instant Messenger, also known as AIM, which included a feature whereby users could \"warn\" other users, attaching a cost to, and thus disincentivizing, certain kinds of speech. The nuances of the design of this feature make it especially well-suited as a subject of study in value-sensitive design as it seems to be the product of significant reflection and foresight by its designers. In the course of examining this case, this paper proposes two novel and generalizable processes of integrating values into the design of technology, inspired by the approach of value-sensitive design: a \"method of decomposition,\" reconstructing a user journey in order to identify possible moments of intervention; and an iterative \"Innovation-Abuse-Innovation\" branching diagram, which systematizes the process of anticipating abuse cases and designing responses to them. These methods build upon recent work in the literature on operationalizing ethical values in the design process. I close by illustrating the flexibility and generalizability of these methods and speculating on how they might be applied to contemporary platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 3","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Construction of Research Integrity in Public Medical Universities/Colleges in China: 2020-2024.","authors":"Fei Wang, Yuanbao Hou, Lingling Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00538-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00538-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical field is highly susceptible to research misconduct, making research integrity in medical universities and colleges crucial for its prevention and management. While both Chinese and international researchers have conducted extensive studies on fostering research integrity in higher education institutions, comparative analyses focusing specifically on medical universities and colleges in China remain insufficient. To address this gap, this study examines the state of research integrity construction in 83 Chinese public medical universities/colleges during 2020 and 2024, exploring the underlying factors influencing this development. The findings indicate that research integrity initiatives in Chinese medical universities and colleges are predominantly reactive, driven by compliance with government regulations and mandated tasks, rather than proactive, guided by intrinsic awareness and moral commitment. These results underscore the need to go beyond addressing Two-Points to emphasize Key-Points, advocating for a greater role of scientific autonomy in shaping research integrity, as opposed to reliance on government oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 2","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Psychologically Realist, Culturally Responsive Approach to Engineering Ethics in Global Contexts.","authors":"Rockwell F Clancy, Qin Zhu, Scott Streiner, Andrea Gammon, Ryan Thorpe","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00536-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00536-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes the motivations and some directions for bringing insights and methods from moral and cultural psychology to bear on how engineering ethics is conceived, taught, and assessed. Therefore, the audience for this paper is not only engineering ethics educators and researchers but also administrators and organizations concerned with ethical behaviors. Engineering ethics has typically been conceived and taught as a branch of professional and applied ethics with pedagogical aims, where students and practitioners learn about professional codes and/or Western ethical theories and then apply these resources to address issues presented in case studies about engineering and/or technology. As a result, accreditation and professional bodies have generally adopted ethical reasoning skills and/or moral knowledge as learning outcomes. However, this paper argues that such frameworks are psychologically \"irrealist\" and culturally biased: it is not clear that ethical judgments or behaviors are primarily the result of applying principles, or that ethical concerns captured in professional codes or Western ethical theories do or should reflect the engineering ethical concerns of global populations. Individuals from Western educated industrialized rich democratic cultures are outliers on various psychological and social constructs, including self-concepts, thought styles, and ethical concerns. However, engineering is more cross cultural and international than ever before, with engineers and technologies spanning multiple cultures and countries. For instance, different national regulations and cultural values can come into conflict while performing engineering work. Additionally, ethical judgments may also result from intuitions, closer to emotions than reflective thought, and behaviors can be affected by unconscious, social, and environmental factors. To address these issues, this paper surveys work in engineering ethics education and assessment to date, shortcomings within these approaches, and how insights and methods from moral and cultural psychology could be used to improve engineering ethics education and assessment, making them more culturally responsive and psychologically realist at the same time.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 2","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artefacts of Change: The Disruptive Nature of Humanoid Robots Beyond Classificatory Concerns.","authors":"Cindy Friedman","doi":"10.1007/s11948-025-00532-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11948-025-00532-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One characteristic of socially disruptive technologies is that they have the potential to cause uncertainty about the application conditions of a concept i.e., they are conceptually disruptive. Humanoid robots have done just this, as evidenced by discussions about whether, and under what conditions, humanoid robots could be classified as, for example, moral agents, moral patients, or legal and/or moral persons. This paper frames the disruptive effect of humanoid robots differently by taking the discussion beyond that of classificatory concerns. It does so by showing that humanoid robots are socially disruptive because they also transform how we experience and understand the world. Through inviting us to relate to a technological artefact as if it is human, humanoid robots have a profound impact upon the way in which we relate to different elements of our world. Specifically, I focus on three types of human relational experiences, and how the norms that surround them may be transformed by humanoid robots: (1) human-technology relations; (2) human-human relations; and (3) human-self relations. Anticipating the ways in which humanoid robots may change society is important given that once a technology is entrenched, it is difficult to counteract negative impacts. Therefore, we should try to anticipate them while we can still do something to prevent them. Since humanoid robots are currently relatively rudimentary, yet there is incentive to invest more in their development, it is now a good time to think carefully about how this technology may impact us.</p>","PeriodicalId":49564,"journal":{"name":"Science and Engineering Ethics","volume":"31 2","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}