Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy最新文献

{"title":"Association of systemic inflammatory markers with post-stroke epilepsy after ischemic stroke: A competing risk analysis","authors":"Pannaporn Imemkamon ,&nbsp;Somjet Tosamran ,&nbsp;Sununtha Jankaew ,&nbsp;Nattawut Unwanatham ,&nbsp;Chusak Limotai","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is a serious long-term complication of ischemic stroke, yet early identification of patients at risk remains challenging. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers may reflect underlying epileptogenic processes. This study explored the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and hemoglobin-to-lymphocyte ratio (HLR) and the subsequent development of PSE in a large, long-term cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed 1445 adult patients hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke between 2014 and 2017 at a university-affiliated center. Patients with prior epilepsy were excluded. Blood counts within 2 days of admission were used to calculate NLR, PLR, and HLR. PSE was defined as the occurrence of at least one unprovoked seizure beyond 7 days post-stroke. A competing risk model was used to assess associations, accounting for death as a competing event.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of nearly 7 years, 43 patients (2.98 %) developed PSE. Median NLR was higher in the PSE group than in the non-PSE group (3.45 vs. 2.94; nominal <em>p</em> = 0.036). In multivariable competing risk analysis, continuous NLR was nominally associated with PSE (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.048, 95 % CI 1.002–1.100; <em>p</em> = 0.040). As an exploratory sensitivity analysis, NLR &gt; 7 was also associated with increased PSE incidence (SHR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.11–4.35; <em>p</em> = 0.024). PLR and HLR did not show associations with PSE. The PSE group also experienced higher mortality and longer hospital stays.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NLR, an inexpensive and readily available inflammatory marker, was nominally associated with the development of PSE after ischemic stroke. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, supporting further investigation into the role of systemic inflammation in post-stroke epileptogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehospital management of convulsive status epilepticus in children: a knowledge, attitude and practice survey of UK ambulance service clinicians","authors":"Zakariya Vansoh ,&nbsp;Rachael Fothergill ,&nbsp;Fiona Bell ,&nbsp;Ria Osborne ,&nbsp;Andy Rosser ,&nbsp;Caitlin Wilson ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Stephen ,&nbsp;Richard F. Chin ,&nbsp;National Ambulance Research Steering Group","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Childhood convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a time-critical emergency (incidence 17-23/100,000/yr) requiring prompt treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Prehospital midazolam is as safe as diazepam, but more effective. However, legal and logistical barriers limit its use by paramedics. We performed a UK-wide survey of current practice, perceived barriers, and views on intramuscular midazolam (IMMDZ) to inform service development, gauge interest in a potential ambulance-based trial of emergency treatment of childhood CSE and identify opinions to consider in trial study design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional JISC Knowledge-Attitude-Practice survey of personnel across all 13 UK NHS Ambulance Services (21 May–30 June 2025). The survey captured demographics, first-line antiseizure medication (ASM) choices, operational challenges, knowledge of IMMDZ usage, and support for research.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>153 respondents across all 13 ambulance services (4–26/service) participated; 146 (95%) were paramedics (100 were generalist). Diazepam (by the rectal or intravenous route) was first-line ASM in nine services; buccal midazolam in three, and IMMDZ in one. 89% reported that alternative ASMs should be available to generalist paramedics. 97% supported research on IMMDZ for emergency treatment of childhood CSE. If approved, 85% thought their Trust would likely support its clinical use. Potential barriers to use included dosing uncertainty (53%), risk of respiratory depression (46%), inappropriate use (37%), and reticence of administering intramuscular medication (24%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a need to standardize paramedic treatment of seizures in children in the UK. NHS Ambulance clinicians are supportive of investigating IMMDZ as prehospital treatment for childhood CSE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide registry-linked retrospective cohort study of Ganglioglioma in children and adults: Long-term follow-up of anti-seizure medication and mortality","authors":"Irena Grubor ,&nbsp;Maria Compagno Strandberg ,&nbsp;Johan Bengzon","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Gangliogliomas are highly epileptogenic tumors that are common in epilepsy surgery. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether the outcome of Anti-seizure medication (ASM) withdrawal differed between patients undergoing ganglioglioma surgery in an epilepsy surgery program compared with those who underwent surgery in other surgical programs. We also investigated which factors influence ASM discontinuation after ganglioglioma surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We achieved a nationwide Swedish coverage by retrieving and linking data from five registries, including 144 patients of all ages with surgically confirmed ganglioglioma (ICD-O-95051/95053) treated between 2005 and 2019. Cases required concordance across registries and unmatched records were excluded. Key variables included age at surgery, waiting time for surgery, and tumor location, along with demographic, surgical, and ASM-related data. ASM discontinuation was defined as a 14-month dispensing-free interval. Associations with ASM discontinuation were examined using nonparametric tests, Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most patients, 76%, had been prescribed ASM during the study period. Increasing age was found to be negatively associated with ASM withdrawal. Five years after surgery, 36% of adults and 59% of children had discontinued ASMs. There was no difference in ASM withdrawal in patients who had undergone surgery in an epilepsy surgery program compared with those who had not. Mortality was 15% overall.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that long-term ASM discontinuation after ganglioglioma surgery is negatively associated with increasing age. ASM discontinuation is the same for those undergoing surgery in an epilepsy surgery program as for those who do not. Future studies are needed to explore why older patients are less likely to discontinue ASM treatment after ganglioglioma surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of the classical ketogenic diet and modified Atkins diet in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mohammad A. Sharaf ,&nbsp;Marwa Hosni Abdelhamed ,&nbsp;Marwa Salah ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Gad Ragheb Abdulbaki ,&nbsp;Heba G.A. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that can severely affect children's cognitive development and quality of life. While anti-seizure medications (ASM) are the first-line treatment, approximately 20–30% of pediatric patients experience drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), necessitating alternative therapies. The classical ketogenic diet (CKD) and the modified Atkins diet (MAD) are two non-pharmacological interventions that have shown efficacy in reducing seizure frequency in children with DRE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A meta-analysis included experimental and observational studies retrieved from relevant databases. It evaluated the efficacy of CKD and MAD in children with DRE. Data were extracted and analyzed using RevMan. A 3-month follow-up was used to measure all outcomes, whenever available; otherwise, the nearest reported time point was used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Both MAD and CKD were effective in treating drug-resistant epilepsy. CKD demonstrated a statistically significant advantage over MAD for achieving &gt;50% seizure reduction (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.87; P = 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between CKD and MAD for complete seizure freedom (100% reduction; OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.43–1.19) or &gt;90% seizure reduction (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.51–1.47). No statistically significant differences were found in lipid-related adverse effects or gastrointestinal symptoms, although MAD showed non-significant trends toward fewer cases of vomiting and constipation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CKD provides significant advantages in the management of drug-resistant epilepsy over the MAD, and CKD is more effective in reducing seizures at different levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An e-Delphi approach to develop a patient-reported outcome measure to assess functional/dissociative seizures severity","authors":"Gregg Harry Rawlings ,&nbsp;Laura Whitaker ,&nbsp;Chris Gaskell ,&nbsp;Markus Reuber","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Functional / dissociative seizures (FDS) are a debilitating condition for which there are no validated, reliable, or co-produced condition-specific severity measures. Such a measure would be of value for clinical and research applications. Here, we conduct a three-round electronic-Delphi survey with the aim of achieving consensus on questions that could be used to assess FDS severity as part of a patient reported outcome measure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>e-Delphi members consisted of individuals living with FND, professional experts in the condition (e.g., healthcare providers, researchers), and nonprofessional caregivers. Participants were recruited via international organisations linked with FND. The purpose and tasks of each round were iteratively developed and based on participants’ responses to the previous round.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 90 people participated in round one (54 individuals with FDS, 32 professionals and 4 nonprofessional cares). This reduced to 67 and 55 in rounds two and three, respectively. Overall, 136 candidate items proposed by the current authors or participants were initially considered for inclusion. The final measure consisted of three sections with 29 items assessing severity of FDS, six exploring frequency and duration of seizures, and a checklist of symptoms commonly associated with FDS. 90% of those in round three were “happy” with the proposed measure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Notwithstanding the challenges of operationalising severity and the inter- and intra-individual variability of the condition, consensus on items to include was achieved by experts by experience or training. Future scale development will evaluate the proposed measure prior to its implementation in clinical and research practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating epilepsy management in an onchocerciasis-endemic area: Case of Maridi, South Sudan","authors":"Olivia Kamoen ,&nbsp;Stephen Raimon Jada ,&nbsp;Jacopo Mattia Rovarini ,&nbsp;Gasim Abd-Elfarag ,&nbsp;Luís-Jorge Amaral ,&nbsp;Yak Bol ,&nbsp;Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ,&nbsp;Robert Colebunders","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The epilepsy prevalence in Maridi County, South Sudan, in 2018 was 43.8 (95% CI: 40.9–47.0) per 1000 persons; 85.2% of the identified persons with epilepsy (PWE) met the criteria of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy. To address this health problem, an epilepsy clinic was established at Maridi County Hospital in 2020. In August 2023, the impact of the clinic on the lives of PWE and their families was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>At the Maridi epilepsy clinic, data routinely collected by primary healthcare workers as part of patient care was reviewed. We also analyzed findings from two household surveys conducted in 2018 and 2022, which assessed the impact of the clinic on epilepsy care. Moreover, four households, each with four PWE, were visited in a high epilepsy prevalence area. PWE were examined by a neurologist, and in-depth interviews were conducted with family members.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of PWE on anti-seizure medication increased by 39.7% (95%CI: 35.3–44.2) between 2018 and 2022. The proportion of PWE reporting daily seizures decreased from 27.3% in 2018 to 5.3% in 2022. Of the 754 PWE seen in the clinic in July 2023, only 17 (2.3%) reported side effects. During household visits in July 2023, 13/173 (7.5%) of the visited PWE were found without remaining anti-seizure medication. A high level of epilepsy-related stigma was observed in all visited households.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Maridi epilepsy clinic positively impacted the lives of PWE in Maridi. Similar initiatives should be accessible for all PWE living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Evidence-based information about OAE is needed to decrease misconceptions and epilepsy-related stigma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of valproic acid withdrawal in females before or during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"M. Claudia Burbano ,&nbsp;R. Grace Couper ,&nbsp;Poul H. Espino ,&nbsp;Jorge G. Burneo","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The potential teratogenic effects of valproic acid (VPA) have been widely discussed; however, outcomes after VPAwithdrawal in female patients are less well known. This review summarizes the evidence on switching or withdrawing VPA in people with epilepsy of childbearing potential or during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases in June 2025 for studies measuring outcomes including seizure frequency, side effects, or maternal/fetal complications, in females withdrawn from VPA before or during pregnancy. Reference lists were screened. Risk of bias assessments included the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and Quality Assessment Tool for Case Series Studies. Studies with comparison groups and common outcomes were included in meta-analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The systematic review included nine studies, and meta-analysis included three studies. Overall, 277 females who were pregnant or planning pregnancy withdrew or switched from VPA, while 2206 remained on VPA.We calculated odds ratios of tonic-clonic seizures (TCS) recurrence in females with VPA changes compared with females maintained on VPA using random-effect models. Females planning pregnancy and pregnant females withdrawn from VPA had an increased odds ratio of TCS recurrence during pregnancy (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.06-2.84). Between 7.9% and 72.2% females withdrawn from VPA before or during pregnancy later restarted VPA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Withdrawal of VPA during pregnancy had significantly higher odds ratio of TCS recurrence compared with maintenance of VPA. Evidence on fetal outcomes or maternal complications remain limited; studies with longer-term outcomes beyond pregnancy are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Representation, Deprivation and Seizure Outcomes in a UK Tertiary Epilepsy Clinic","authors":"Natasha S. Carmichael ,&nbsp;Lana YH Lai ,&nbsp;Md Shadab Mashuk ,&nbsp;Yang Lu ,&nbsp;Daniela Di Basilio ,&nbsp;Emily J Pegg ,&nbsp;Rajiv Mohanraj","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ethnic disparities in healthcare access are well-documented, but their impact on epilepsy outcomes in the UK remains unclear. We examined ethnic representation and seizure outcomes in a tertiary epilepsy clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective analysis of 1,609 adults attending Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences (2020–2024). Ethnic distribution was compared with census data. Logistic regression assessed associations between ethnicity and seizure freedom, adjusting for age, sex, and deprivation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Asian (6.4 %), Black (1.4 %), and Mixed (1.7 %) patients were underrepresented compared to Greater Manchester demographics (13.6 %, 4.0 %, 3.0 % respectively; all p</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ethnic minorities are underrepresented in this tertiary epilepsy clinic yet achieve comparable outcomes once engaged in care, indicating disparities in access rather than treatment quality. Culturally competent care delivery, community outreach, and systematic review of referral pathways are needed to ensure equitable access to specialist services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy phenotypes of Renu syndrome: Novel insights from a European multicentre retrospective cohort study","authors":"Mario Mastrangelo ,&nbsp;Manuela Tolve ,&nbsp;Irene Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Giuliana Lentini ,&nbsp;Elisa Maria Colacino Cinnante ,&nbsp;Barbara Masotto ,&nbsp;Stefano D’ Arrigo ,&nbsp;Paola Francesca Ajmone ,&nbsp;Jessica Rosenblum ,&nbsp;Donatella Milani ,&nbsp;Agusti Rodriguez-Palmero ,&nbsp;Claudia Ciaccio ,&nbsp;Anna C. Jansen ,&nbsp;Francesco Pisani","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2026.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Epilepsy is a prominent feature in about 60% of patients with ReNU syndrome</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Data including demographics, gene variants, seizure semiology and evolution, EEG patterns, neurodevelopmental features, MRI characteristics and response to antiseizure medications were retrospectively collected in a cohort of patients with ReNU syndrome referred to 6 European tertiary centres.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 10 patients (7 males and 3 females). The mean age at epilepsy onset was 2.8 ±2.1 years. No specific epilepsy syndromes were recognized. Focal impaired consciousness with observable manifestations (with onset before 12 months in 3 cases) were the predominant seizure type across all age ranges. The frequency of this seizure type peaked between the ages of 6 and 11 years. Generalized seizures were less common and mainly occurred under the age of 6 with a similar frequency of atypical absences and tonic/tonic clonic seizures. Interictal and ictal epileptiform EEG were more frequently detected after 3 years of age and were mainly focal (with predominant involvement of the fronto-parietal regions). No structural epileptogenic lesions were detected on MRI. Seizure freedom was achieved with antiseizure medications in 5 patients at a mean age of 7.2 ± 25.2. Valproate was judged the most effective medication by referring neurologists followed by levetiracetam, clobazam, lamotrigine and phenytoin. No relevant genotype-phenotype correlations were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The phenotype of the seizure disorders observed in this cohort was dominated by focal impaired consciousness seizures with observable manifestations and a relatively favourable course of epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence seizures with ictal yawning in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome","authors":"Sara Bellido-Cuéllar,&nbsp;Rosa Ana Saiz-Díaz,&nbsp;Jesús González de la Aleja","doi":"10.1016/j.seizure.2025.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seizure.2025.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49552,"journal":{"name":"Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}