{"title":"Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma","authors":"Isa Mulingbayan Jacoba, Zhichun Lu","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRCC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by the occurrence of bilateral and multifocal, classic type papillary renal cell carcinomas. In the recent decades, extensive molecular studies have narrowed the molecular underpinnings of this syndrome to missense mutations in tyrosine kinase domain of MET proto-oncogene. Although MET mutations are specific to HPRCC, it has been found in sporadic papillary renal cell carcinomas and as recently reported, in biphasic squamoid alveolar variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Dual MET/VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown promising results in systemic therapy for HPRCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740257023001132/pdfft?md5=afe25686463bb80fe4933d12ed8c6cbb&pid=1-s2.0-S0740257023001132-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miranda E. Machacek, Chin-Lee Wu, Kristine M. Cornejo
{"title":"Pathology of hereditary renal cell carcinoma syndromes: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)","authors":"Miranda E. Machacek, Chin-Lee Wu, Kristine M. Cornejo","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Tuberous sclerosis<span> complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by hamartomatous tumors involving multiple organs such as the brain, skin, heart, lung and kidney. TSC is caused by inactivating mutations in </span></span><em>TSC1/TSC2</em><span><span><span>, which encodes hamartin and </span>tuberin, respectively, and forms a complex that regulates </span>mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1<span><span> (mTORC1), resulting in cell overgrowth and oncogenesis. Since a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in TSC relates to chronic kidney disease and the ability to preserve renal function, this review describes the important pathologic findings in TSC-associated renal neoplasms and their correlating sporadic counterparts. The most common </span>renal tumor<span><span> in TSC patients are AMLs, followed by a heterogeneous spectrum of renal </span>epithelial tumors, which may provide clues to establishing a diagnosis of TSC.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 8-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"von Hippel–Lindau disease-related neoplasia with an emphasis on renal manifestations","authors":"Burak Tekin, Lori A. Erickson, Sounak Gupta","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is characterized by biallelic inactivation of the <em>VHL</em><span><span><span> gene leading to abnormal or absent VHL protein<span> function, and constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) that leads to pro-tumorigenic signaling. Individuals with VHL disease develop numerous cysts and tumors involving multiple organs including the kidneys, central nervous system, </span></span>endolymphatic sac<span><span>, lungs, pancreatobiliary system, adrenal glands, </span>epididymis, and/or </span></span>broad ligament<span>. On histologic examination, these lesions show morphologic overlap as they are frequently characterized by cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent vascularity<span>. In addition to distinguishing non-renal tumors from metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, understanding site-specific histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of these tumors has several applications. This includes distinguishing VHL-related tumors from those that arise sporadically and lack </span></span></span><em>VHL</em><span><span> gene alterations, guiding further genetic workup, and helping distinguish between different genetic predisposition syndromes. In this context, immunohistochemical studies for markers such as paired box 8 (PAX-8), </span>carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) have an important role in routine clinical practice and represent cost-effective diagnostic tools. The recent development of targeted therapeutics directed against HIF-mediated signaling represents a significant milestone in the management of VHL disease and highlights the importance of accurately diagnosing and characterizing the wide spectrum of VHL disease-associated lesions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135564555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michel Alchoueiry , Kristine Cornejo , Elizabeth P. Henske
{"title":"Kidney cancer: Links between hereditary syndromes and sporadic tumorigenesis","authors":"Michel Alchoueiry , Kristine Cornejo , Elizabeth P. Henske","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Multiple hereditary syndromes predispose to kidney cancer, including Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, BAP1-Tumor Predisposition Syndrome, Hereditary Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma, </span>Tuberous Sclerosis<span> Complex, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, Hereditary Paraganglioma–Pheochromocytoma Syndrome, Fumarate Hydratase<span> Tumor Predisposition Syndrome, and Cowden syndrome<span>. In some cases, mutations in the genes that cause hereditary kidney cancer are tightly linked to similar histologic features in sporadic RCC. For example, clear cell RCC occurs in the hereditary syndrome VHL, and sporadic ccRCC usually has inactivation of the VHL gene. In contrast, mutations in </span></span></span></span>FLCN, the causative gene for Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, are rarely found in sporadic RCC. Here, we focus on the genes and pathways that link hereditary and sporadic RCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna , Kristian T. Schafernak , Katherine R. Calvo
{"title":"Diagnostic work-up of hematological malignancies with underlying germline predisposition disorders (GPD)","authors":"Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna , Kristian T. Schafernak , Katherine R. Calvo","doi":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semdp.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hematological malignancies<span><span> with underlying germline predisposition disorders have been recognized by the World Health Organization 5th edition and International Consensus Classification (ICC) classification systems. The list of genes and the associated phenotypes are expanding and involve both pediatric and adult populations. While the clinical presentation and underlying </span>molecular pathogenesis are relatively well described, the knowledge regarding the bone marrow morphologic features, the landscape of somatic aberrations associated with progression to hematological malignancies is limited. These pose challenges in the diagnosis of low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to hematopathologists which carries direct implication for various aspects of clinical management of the patient, donor selection for transplantation, and family members. Here in, we provide a focused review on the diagnostic work-up of hematological malignancies with underlying germline predisposition disorders with emphasis on the spectrum of hematological malignancies associated with each entity, and characteristic bone marrow morphologic, somatic cytogenetic and molecular alterations at the time of diagnosis of hematological malignancies. We also review the key clinical, morphologic, and molecular features, that should initiate screening for these entities.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 443-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}