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Seminars in Neurology最新文献

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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Deep Brain Stimulation. 人工智能在深部脑刺激中的作用。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1055/a-2753-6166
Tejas R Mehta, Venkat S Lavu, Hao Gao, Tania Banerjee, Renjie Hu, Ruogu Fang, Joshua K Wong
{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Deep Brain Stimulation.","authors":"Tejas R Mehta, Venkat S Lavu, Hao Gao, Tania Banerjee, Renjie Hu, Ruogu Fang, Joshua K Wong","doi":"10.1055/a-2753-6166","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2753-6166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly effective treatment for movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. However, the current multidisciplinary workflow for implanting and programming DBS is often complex, which can lead to improperly placed leads, suboptimal symptom management, and increased procedure time, ultimately resulting in poor patient outcomes. There is a pressing need for a more streamlined, accurate, reproducible, and personalized approach to DBS therapy. Artificial intelligence (AI), which can analyze complex data and identify patterns with remarkable speed, holds significant promise as a tool to address these challenges. This narrative review explores the current and future applications of AI in improving the entire DBS workflow, from surgical planning and lead placement to postoperative programming, with the goal of enhancing clinical efficiency and achieving better, more personalized outcomes for patients with movement disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformer Language Models for Neurology Research with Electronic Health Records: Current State of the Science. 用电子健康记录转换神经学研究的语言模型：科学现状。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1055/a-2742-2430
Ellie Chang, Kevin Xie, Colin A Ellis
{"title":"Transformer Language Models for Neurology Research with Electronic Health Records: Current State of the Science.","authors":"Ellie Chang, Kevin Xie, Colin A Ellis","doi":"10.1055/a-2742-2430","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2742-2430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an overview of the emergence and application of transformer-based language models in electronic health records in neurology. Transformer architectures are well-suited for neurological data due to their ability to model complex spatiotemporal patterns and capture long-range dependencies, both characteristic of neurological conditions and their documentation. We introduce the foundational principles of transformer models and outline the model training and evaluation frameworks commonly used in clinical text processing. We then examine current applications of transformers in neurology, spanning disease detection and diagnosis, phenotyping and symptom extraction, and outcome and prognosis prediction, and synthesize emerging patterns in model adaptation and evaluation strategies. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of current models, including generalizability, model bias, and data privacy, and propose future directions for research and implementation. By synthesizing recent advances, this review aims to guide future efforts in leveraging transformer-based language models to improve neurological care and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of AI in the Management of Movement Disorders. 人工智能在运动障碍管理中的作用。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2596-5950
Andres Deik
{"title":"The Role of AI in the Management of Movement Disorders.","authors":"Andres Deik","doi":"10.1055/a-2596-5950","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2596-5950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the management of movement disorders. This review explores the various applications of AI across the spectrum of care, from diagnosis to clinical workflows, treatment, and monitoring. Recent advancements include deep phenotyping tools like the Next Move in Movement Disorders (NEMO) project for hyperkinetic disorders, diagnostic platforms such as DystoniaNet, and biomarker identification systems for early Parkinson's disease detection. AI may revolutionize treatment selection through technologies like DystoniaBoTXNet and adaptive deep brain stimulation systems. For symptom monitoring, innovations like the Emerald device and smartphone-based assessment tools enable continuous, objective evaluation. AI may also enhance patient care through improved telemedicine capabilities and ambient listening. Despite these promising developments, recent critiques highlight methodological concerns in AI research, emphasizing the need for rigorous validation and transparency. The future of AI in movement disorders requires balancing technological innovation with clinical expertise to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging in Movement Disorders: A Clinician's Perspective on Novel Applications. 运动障碍影像学：临床医生对新应用的看法。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1055/a-2769-6508
Kara M Smith, Manojkumar Saranathan
{"title":"Imaging in Movement Disorders: A Clinician's Perspective on Novel Applications.","authors":"Kara M Smith, Manojkumar Saranathan","doi":"10.1055/a-2769-6508","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2769-6508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utility of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of movement disorders has been steadily increasing as both imaging and image analysis technologies have advanced in the last decade. Neuroimaging is also playing a critical role in the search for novel therapies to prevent, slow down, and treat various movement disorders. This article reviews both standard and innovative imaging tools available for both clinicians and researchers. We focus predominantly on the clinician's perspective, discussing imaging tools that are becoming rapidly available and how these may be integrated into the clinic to provide cutting-edge and patient-centered care. We discuss novel and emerging techniques and their potential implications for the field, as well as highlight areas still in need of imaging solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"690-698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging in Neuro-oncology. 神经肿瘤学影像学。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1055/a-2719-5058
Elizabeth Coffee, Cleopatra Elshiekh, Joshua A Budhu
{"title":"Imaging in Neuro-oncology.","authors":"Elizabeth Coffee, Cleopatra Elshiekh, Joshua A Budhu","doi":"10.1055/a-2719-5058","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2719-5058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that vary widely in treatment and prognosis. Imaging serves as the cornerstone of diagnosis, monitoring response to treatment and identifying progression of disease in neuro-oncologic care. This review outlines current and emerging imaging modalities with a focus on clinical application in glioma, meningioma, and brain metastasis. We cover standard imaging modalities, advanced magnetic resonance techniques such as perfusion and spectroscopic imaging, and nuclear imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), including amino acid PET. We summarize the standardized Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, and explore innovations in radiomics, artificial intelligence, and targeted imaging biomarkers. Finally, we address challenges related to equitable access to advanced imaging. This review provides a practical, clinically focused guide to support neurologists in the imaging-based care of patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"654-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12803778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Imaging Modalities in Neuromuscular Disorders. 神经肌肉疾病影像学研究综述。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1055/a-2769-6657
Staci P Hunter, David C Preston, Michael S Cartwright
{"title":"Review of Imaging Modalities in Neuromuscular Disorders.","authors":"Staci P Hunter, David C Preston, Michael S Cartwright","doi":"10.1055/a-2769-6657","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2769-6657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past four decades, numerous advances in imaging modalities have improved the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US), the most common imaging modalities in neuromuscular medicine, each have benefits and limitations. MRI has a large field of view, is better at identifying deeper structures, and can incorporate contrast and different imaging sequences. However, it involves higher costs and requires patients to lie flat for prolonged periods of time. Conversely, US is faster, well-tolerated, and cost-effective with high spatial resolution, but identifying deeper structures is limited. Consequently, MRI is more useful for imaging nerve roots and inherited myopathies, whereas US has advantages in peripheral neuropathies. This review focuses on imaging of nerves and muscles in common neuromuscular conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":"45 6","pages":"681-689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. 神经影像学在外伤性脑脊髓损伤中的作用。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1055/a-2709-6750
J Palmer Greene, Erika J Sigman, Jamie Podell, Catherine S W Albin
{"title":"The Role of Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"J Palmer Greene, Erika J Sigman, Jamie Podell, Catherine S W Albin","doi":"10.1055/a-2709-6750","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2709-6750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury are major causes of morbidity and mortality, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic evaluation. Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the early assessment and management of these conditions, allowing for the timely identification of hemorrhagic lesions, cerebral edema, vascular injuries, and spinal cord pathology that may require urgent intervention. In this review, we use a time-based approach to appraise the role of imaging in the hyperacute (first 24 hours) and acute (up to 1 week) periods postinjury. Although computed tomography imaging guides most decision-making in trauma, we also highlight the role of ultrasound imaging modalities such as transcranial Doppler and optic nerve sheath diameter monitoring for noninvasive ICP monitoring, and magnetic resonance imaging for prognostication. Cases are used to highlight imaging findings that may change management in the hyperacute and acute period.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"633-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional Neuroimaging in Clinical Neurology: A Comprehensive Review of Commonly Used Modalities. 临床神经病学中的功能性神经影像学：对常用模式的全面回顾。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2773-5481
Arash Salardini
{"title":"Functional Neuroimaging in Clinical Neurology: A Comprehensive Review of Commonly Used Modalities.","authors":"Arash Salardini","doi":"10.1055/a-2773-5481","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2773-5481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional neuroimaging has revolutionized our understanding of brain physiology and pathophysiology, providing dynamic insights into neural activity that complement structural imaging. This review examines the principal functional neuroimaging modalities used in routine clinical practice, positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and their clinical applications in neurology. We present an evidence-based approach to modality selection and interpretation, emphasizing the integration of multimodal imaging data to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Recent advances in molecular imaging have transformed the evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases, moving the field from observing the downstream consequences of disease to visualizing the primary molecular pathologies in vivo. The development of specific PET ligands for amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, neurotransmitter system components, and markers of synaptic density and neuroinflammation represents a paradigm shift toward a biological definition of these disorders. This review provides practical algorithms for clinical decision-making, critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of each technique, and highlights emerging applications that promise to further advance neurological diagnosis and management toward an era of precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"699-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging in Epilepsy: Current Clinical Practice and Future Directions. 癫痫成像：当前临床实践和未来方向。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1055/a-2761-2049
Peter N Hadar, Andrew J Cole
{"title":"Imaging in Epilepsy: Current Clinical Practice and Future Directions.","authors":"Peter N Hadar, Andrew J Cole","doi":"10.1055/a-2761-2049","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2761-2049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroimaging is an essential part of epilepsy diagnosis and management. In this review, we examine the shift in our understanding of epilepsy from a focal, lesional-centric process to a broader, network-based disorder and how it has affected the acquisition and interpretation of neuroimaging for epilepsy diagnosis and management. We discuss the current clinical practice of neuroimaging in epilepsy, both in terms of acquisitions and interpretation, through computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (including structural, diffusion, functional, and high-field), magnetoencephalography, and nuclear and metabolic imaging. Additionally, we look ahead to some of the latest research advances in both the acquisition and analysis of these different neuroimaging modalities to help promote the eventual goal of a consolidated, multi-modality imaging approach to understanding, diagnosing, and treating epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"666-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spinal Cord Imaging. 脊髓成像。
IF 2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1055/a-2601-9030
Spencer K Hutto
{"title":"Spinal Cord Imaging.","authors":"Spencer K Hutto","doi":"10.1055/a-2601-9030","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2601-9030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An exceptionally broad array of diseases can affect the spinal cord, often in ways that are nonspecific with significant overlap in symptomatology and neurologic exam findings. Neuroimaging is essential in determining the underlying cause and is usually the first diagnostic test to meaningfully reshape the differential diagnosis and adjust which investigations are prioritized. In combination with disease time course, the differential diagnosis can be narrowed by determining a lesion's morphological characteristics, pattern of enhancement, predilection for certain tracts, longitudinal length, and associated radiographic abnormalities. This review provides a brief overview of spinal anatomy using normal spinal cord imaging, followed by a suggested approach to analyzing images and highlighting the radiographic abnormalities unique to each pathology that affects the spinal cord (i.e., autoimmune, infectious, neoplastic, nutritional, structural, and vascular).</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"566-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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