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Seminars in Neurology最新文献

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Orthostatic Tremor. 直立性震颤。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1055/a-2762-9483
José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo, Joseph Jankovic
{"title":"Orthostatic Tremor.","authors":"José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo, Joseph Jankovic","doi":"10.1055/a-2762-9483","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2762-9483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by high-frequency (13-18 Hz) tremor in the legs and trunk during standing and relieved by sitting or walking. While OT is frequently an isolated disorder, some patients may have comorbid neurological conditions, such as essential tremor and parkinsonism, the so-called OT Plus. The pathophysiology of OT is not well-understood, and a specific central oscillator remains elusive, but current evidence suggests that ascending spinocerebellar and proprioceptive inputs, cerebellar processing, cerebello-thalamo-cortical signals, and cortico-muscular coupling play a role in the pathophysiology of OT, suggesting that this is a network disorder. The treatment of OT is challenging, but pharmacological therapy includes gabapentin, clonazepam, perampanel, and levodopa. While spinal cord stimulation seems promising for selected patients, deep brain stimulation is mainly employed in severe cases, resulting in modest improvement in standing tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"475-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peripheral Therapies for Tremor: Botulinum Toxins, Electrical Stimulation, Mechanical Dampening, Vibration, Cooling, and Adaptive Devices. 震颤的外围疗法：肉毒杆菌毒素、电刺激、机械阻尼、振动、冷却和适应性装置。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1055/a-2832-4561
William G Ondo
{"title":"Peripheral Therapies for Tremor: Botulinum Toxins, Electrical Stimulation, Mechanical Dampening, Vibration, Cooling, and Adaptive Devices.","authors":"William G Ondo","doi":"10.1055/a-2832-4561","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2832-4561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"544-553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dystonia and Tremor. 肌张力障碍和震颤。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-2873-5461
Alexandra J Thele, Sanjay Pandey, Haider A Jinnah, Aasef G Shaikh
{"title":"Dystonia and Tremor.","authors":"Alexandra J Thele, Sanjay Pandey, Haider A Jinnah, Aasef G Shaikh","doi":"10.1055/a-2873-5461","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2873-5461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Dystonia and tremor are common movement disorders with heterogenous presentations. Their overlap, termed \"tremor in dystonia\" for this review, is a common phenomenon that is classified inconsistently in practice and the literature. While the two-axis structure of the dystonia and tremor classifications clarified some aspects of tremor in dystonia, confusion and contention remain amongst clinicians. This is due not only to the varied definitions proposed over time and clinical heterogeneity, but the current lack of consensus on the underlying pathophysiology. This paper outlines the existing and proposed definitions for tremor in dystonia, clinical assessment, adjunct objective measures, and current understandings of the pathophysiology of dystonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"502-508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update on Essential Tremor. 原发性震颤的最新进展。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1055/a-2779-4908
Elan D Louis
{"title":"Update on Essential Tremor.","authors":"Elan D Louis","doi":"10.1055/a-2779-4908","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2779-4908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Essential tremor is a chronic, progressive neurological disease, or perhaps a family of diseases, whose clinical characteristics place it among the disorders of involuntary movement, and more specifically, among the tremor disorders. Its underlying pathology places it within the disorders of cerebellar degeneration. Its core clinical feature, among many potential clinical features, is a 4 to 12 Hz simple kinetic tremor of the arms, which is a tremor that occurs during voluntary movements such as eating, drinking, or writing. This review summarizes current understanding of the epidemiology, health care costs, clinical features (motor features; nonmotor features; and associated embarrassment, functional disability, impaired quality of life, and caregiver burden), clinical considerations (stratification points, putative staging scheme), diagnosis (based on clinical findings and more recently, grounded in postmortem findings in the cerebellum), associations with other neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease and dementia), pathophysiology (focusing on the observed neurodegenerative changes in the cerebellar cortex), and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"425-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolated Cranial Tremors: A Reappraisal. 孤立性颅骨震颤：重新评估。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1055/a-2870-6009
Steven Frucht, Pichet Termsarasab
{"title":"Isolated Cranial Tremors: A Reappraisal.","authors":"Steven Frucht, Pichet Termsarasab","doi":"10.1055/a-2870-6009","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2870-6009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Isolated cranial tremors (face tremor, jaw tremor, vocal tremor, and embouchure tremor) are unusual examples of focal tremor disorders. The etiology and treatment of these troublesome and occasionally disabling conditions deserve more attention. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about these disorders and consider their etiologies and treatment approaches. We suggest changes to the current classification system of isolated cranial tremors based on shared phenomenology and treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Approach to Surgical Management of Tremor Disorders. 震颤障碍的外科治疗现状。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2789-0271
Gerardo Chavira-Hernandez, Alfonso Fasano
{"title":"Current Approach to Surgical Management of Tremor Disorders.","authors":"Gerardo Chavira-Hernandez, Alfonso Fasano","doi":"10.1055/a-2789-0271","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2789-0271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Essential tremor (ET) is the most common cause of tremor worldwide and can become profoundly disabling in many patients, with pharmacological treatments often providing insufficient relief. Surgical interventions have emerged as effective strategies for long-term tremor control. This review summarizes the current evidence on surgical therapies, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), radiofrequency (RF) thalamotomy, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), and Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKSR) for ET and other tremor-inducing syndromes. These techniques demonstrate comparable efficacy. DBS offers the advantage of adjustable parameters, allowing optimization of the therapeutic window while minimizing adverse effects. MRgFUS is particularly attractive due to its minimally invasive nature, whereas RF thalamotomy and GKSR remain viable alternatives for patients who are ineligible for DBS or MRgFUS. Bilateral interventions are increasingly feasible, and treatment selection should be individualized, considering clinical characteristics and patient preference. Ongoing advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and neurostimulation are poised to further refine surgical management and improve outcomes for patients with tremor.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"554-564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sanjay Pandey, MBBS, MD, DNB, DM, FIAN, and Aasef G. Shaikh, MD, PhD. Sanjay Pandey， MBBS， MD， DNB， DM， FIAN和Aasef Shaikh， MD, PhD。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1055/a-2877-5952
David M Greer
{"title":"Sanjay Pandey, MBBS, MD, DNB, DM, FIAN, and Aasef G. Shaikh, MD, PhD.","authors":"David M Greer","doi":"10.1055/a-2877-5952","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2877-5952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tremor in Parkinson's Disease. 帕金森病的震颤。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2768-3003
Bart E K S Swinnen, Arthur W G Buijink, Alberto J Espay, Rob M A de Bie
{"title":"Tremor in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Bart E K S Swinnen, Arthur W G Buijink, Alberto J Espay, Rob M A de Bie","doi":"10.1055/a-2768-3003","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2768-3003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Tremor is one of the most visible and distressing symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), ranking high among patients' most bothersome features. While levodopa is the most effective pharmacological therapy, approximately half of patients report insufficient tremor control, and refractory tremor remains a major therapeutic challenge. The psychosocial impact of tremor is profound: its visibility leads to embarrassment, stigma, and emotional distress, while its interference with daily activities and professional life compounds disability. Prevalence studies suggest that nearly all individuals with PD experience tremor at some point, though its severity fluctuates over time and may plateau or improve in later disease stages. Tremor pathophysiology differs from bradykinesia and rigidity, involving both basal ganglia and cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits, supporting the \"dimmer-switch\" model. Management strategies include dopaminergic and nondopaminergic medications, deep brain stimulation, and emerging interventions such as MR-guided focused ultrasound. Optimizing therapy remains crucial to alleviating tremor-related burden in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"415-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroimaging in Tremor. 震颤中的神经影像学。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1055/a-2942-3475
Martin M Reich, Juho Joutsa
{"title":"Neuroimaging in Tremor.","authors":"Martin M Reich, Juho Joutsa","doi":"10.1055/a-2942-3475","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2942-3475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Neuroimaging has been used extensively to study tremors, providing invaluable information about the underlying mechanisms and applications to clinical practice. Although isolated tremor syndromes, such as essential tremor, are generally not associated with specific neuroimaging findings, structural (MRI, CT) and molecular (PET, SPECT) brain imaging can be useful in the differential diagnostics and identifying the etiology of tremor, especially in combined tremor syndromes such as parkinsonism-associated tremors and Holmes' tremor. In addition, brain MRI, including tractography and other connectivity measures, plays an increasing role in tremor surgery. This article will give an overview of the most frequently used clinical neuroimaging modalities, clinically relevant findings in tremor syndromes, use of neuroimaging in differential diagnostics, and use of neuroimaging in functional neurosurgery in tremors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"521-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13581420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cerebellar and Outflow Tremor. 小脑性和流出性震颤。
IF 2.2 4区 医学
Seminars in Neurology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1055/a-2823-8503
Shweta Prasad, Pramod K Pal
{"title":"Cerebellar and Outflow Tremor.","authors":"Shweta Prasad, Pramod K Pal","doi":"10.1055/a-2823-8503","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2823-8503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cerebellar and cerebellar outflow tremors are significant movement disorders that pose therapeutic challenges. These tremors result from disruptions in the cerebellothalamocortical network, particularly affecting key nuclei and pathways. The primary clinical manifestation is an intention tremor characterized by low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillations and is often associated with ataxia and other motor deficits. Cerebellar outflow tremors exhibit diverse features across different states and typically occur after structural lesions in the midbrain or along the dentato-rubro-thalamocortical tract. Neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies highlight tremor as a product of network dysfunction rather than isolated injury. Despite numerous pharmacological attempts, treatment efficacy remains limited, though some patients may benefit from specific medications. Surgical options, including deep brain stimulation, radiofrequency ablation, and MR-guided focused ultrasound of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, can provide partial symptom relief, complemented by rehabilitation strategies for functional improvement. Future individualized therapies should consider leveraging precision targeting of the implicated networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"436-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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