Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Anatomical classification and geometric modeling of the lingual canal in the anterior mandible: a cone-beam computed tomography study in a Northern Chinese population.","authors":"Zhiyu Fang, Wenqi Fu, Guowu Ma, Xianyu Piao, Ni Kou, Jeong-Tae Koh","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03685-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03685-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the anatomical variations of the lingual canal in the anterior mandible of the Northern Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to develop a geometric framework that may inform preoperative assessment and provide anatomical reference data for future AI-assisted image analysis and implant planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CBCT images from 200 Northern Chinese individuals were analyzed to assess the number, position, diameter, trajectory, and spatial parameters of the lingual canal. Classification was performed based on the canal's location relative to the genial tubercle: superior (SGT) or inferior (IGT). Additionally, canal convergence with the incisive and mandibular canals was recorded, and geometric relationships between key anatomical landmarks were validated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lingual canal detection rate was 100%, with 90.5% located in the anterior mandible, primarily in the midline or between central and lateral incisors. Fifteen morphological types were identified. Canals in the SGT group were longer and wider, while those in the IGT group were shorter and narrower. In our sample, canals appeared to be positioned more inferiorly and exhibited smaller diameters (~ 0.5 mm) compared to data reported in non-Chinese populations. A geometric model was proposed: [Formula: see text]. Convergence with the incisive canal was 13.4%, and with the mandibular canal, 1.81%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lingual canal in this population shows anatomical variation and distinct spatial configurations. The proposed geometric model and dataset may support CBCT planning and future AI approaches for detecting and classifying lingual canals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferior mesenteric artery dominance in colonic blood supply: a cadaveric case report.","authors":"Warunie Kosgallana, Sasanka Hewagampalage, M J S Jayarathna, Kaushika Gunasekare, Jayampathy Dissanayake","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03689-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03689-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case report investigates a rare colonic arterial variant where the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) lacks the right colic artery (RCA) and middle colic artery (MCA), with these arising from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) via the Meandering Artery of Moskowitz (MAM). It explores surgical implications and classification challenges of such collaterals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An elderly South Asian female cadaver was dissected at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. The SMA and IMA branching patterns and anastomotic networks were analysed through direct observation, precise measurements, and photographic documentation. Ethical approval was secured with an exemption from the institutional Ethics Review Committee (Protocol No: 2023/EC/72).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SMA, devoid of RCA and MCA, supplied only the terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, and proximal ascending colon via the ileocolic artery. The IMA gave off the left colic artery (LCA) which split into two branches. The left branch perfused the descending colon, while the right, identified as the MAM, ran along the inferior mesenteric vein, passed beneath the ligament of Treitz, and bifurcated into the MCA and RCA. These were integrated into the marginal artery of Drummond along with an accessory LCA from the sigmoid trunk. The arc of Riolan was absent, and a persistent descending colon mesentery was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This anomaly demonstrated the IMA compensating the limited SMA supply through the MAM, which altered watershed zones. Such variations may increase the risk of surgical ischemia with preoperative imaging required to optimize surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent trigeminal artery linked with partial duplication of the anterior communicating artery.","authors":"George Triantafyllou, Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis, George Tsakotos, Anastasia Triantafyllou, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03687-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-025-03687-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variations of the cerebral arterial circle are frequently observed due to the progressively increasing utilization of diagnostic imaging techniques. Among these variations, the persistence of embryonic vessels, such as the persistent trigeminal artery (PTA), is rare yet holds significant clinical relevance. This presentation details a distinctive case of the PTA coexisting with a partial duplication of the anterior communicating artery (AComA), as identified through magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a 41-year-old female patient. The PTA was documented as a vessel linking the basilar artery to the cavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery. The AComA exhibited two branches emanating from the left anterior cerebral artery (LACA), which fused to form a single vessel that anastomosed with the right anterior cerebral artery (RACA). The coexistence of the PTA and AComA variant accentuates the imperative for clinicians to consider such rare anatomical configurations, mainly when performing procedures in proximity to the gasserian ganglion, cavernous sinus, or anterior circulation. The application of three-dimensional imaging remains vital for ensuring precise diagnosis and effective treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new CBCT-based classification of posterior extramural ethmoid cells.","authors":"Yuliya Melnichenko, Sergey Kabak, Nina Savrasova, Joe Iwanaga","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03686-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03686-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of extramural expansion of posterior ethmoid cells using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), as well as to propose anatomical criteria and a classification system for Onodi cells based on their spatial relationship with the sphenoid sinus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 513 ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) and dental patients of outpatient clinics, 199 men and 314 women, mean age 36 ± 13 years (range: 18-84 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several extramural variants of posterior ethmoid (PE) cells were examined, such as sphenoethmoidal cells (where PE cells extend into the sphenoid sinus) and posterior ethmomaxillary cells (characterized by extension into the maxillary sinus). Among sphenoethmoidal cells, the following subtypes were identified: Onodi cells (PE cell extension toward the optic canal), inferolateral sphenoethmoidal cells (inferolateral expansion of PE cells relative to the sphenoid sinus without reaching the optic canal), and supraseptal posterior ethmoid cells (migration of PE cells into the region between the nasal septum and the cribriform plate). Among 513 patients examined, sphenoethmoidal cells were identified in 66 cases (89 cells), demonstrating considerable anatomical diversity. We observed a spectrum of variants that included predominant Onodi cell types (superior [48.2%], superolateral [19.2%], and lateral [18%]), less frequent Onodi forms (superoposterior [11.3%] and intersphenoidal [1.1%]), as well as other sphenoethmoidal variants such as supraseptal and inferolateral cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the data obtained, we introduce an updated classification of Onodi cells that accounts for their spatial relationship with surrounding structures. Posterior extramural ethmoid cells may pneumatize the sphenoid bone to such an extent that they can be radiologically mistaken for the sphenoid sinus. Accurate differentiation between these structures is crucial, as inflammatory processes may develop independently within either the sphenoid sinus or the sphenoethmoidal cells. Misidentification may lead to inappropriate treatment strategies. Therefore, precise radiological assessment is essential to determine the true origin of inflammation and ensure targeted, effective clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral vertebral arteries originate from the ipsilateral occipital arteries.","authors":"Longjin Zi, Bingqi Xu, Junbiao Wang, Wenli Wang, Xinyu Du, Ping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03663-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03663-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We report a case of a 69-year-old female patient with bilateral vertebral arteries (VAs) originate from the ipsilateral occipital arteries.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The patient presented to our hospital with chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed an atypical VA course, where the V1 and V2 segments of both VAs were absent. As a result, the bilateral V3 segments of the VAs originated from the ipsilateral occipital artery. Additionally, there was aplasia of the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebra, absence of transverse foramina at C2 and C3, and aplasia at C1 (left side), C4 and C5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This represents the first documented case of bilateral vertebral arteries arising from the ipsilateral occipital artery. The surgical implications and embryological basis of this case are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic study of the deep structures of the cerebellum: location of the dentate nucleus and its relationship with surgical approaches to tumor lesions.","authors":"Pablo S Paolinelli, Camila B Migliardo, Julian Cicler, Axel Colombo, Valeria Trofa, Valentin Iglesias, Facundo Villamil","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03680-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03680-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objectives: </strong>The cerebellum presents complex relationships, such as those with the structures of the cerebello pontine angle and a complex anatomy consisting of surfaces, lobes, lobules, peduncles, and nuclei. On this matter, the cerebellum is a challenging structure to approach which has important relationships that if not taken in account may lead to an injury and may not possibly reduce morbidity and mortality. Our objective is to present a system of anatomic and topographic landmarks to identify the dentate nucleus (DN) during the supracerebellar infratentorial approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Postmortem dissections were performed on 10 cerebella according to the Klingler technique. Anatomy was observed and then a deep dissection was performed, identifying the peduncles and then the DN. Subsequently, the DN was delineated with four lines α, β, γ, and Ω, allowing to find the DN within 100% of cases. Finally, the number of times the nucleus was found within the quadrilateral was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lobules of the vermis and hemispheres were identified on the tentorial and suboccipital surfaces, with the superior (SCP), middle (MCP), and inferior (ICP) cerebellar peduncles recognized on the tentorial surface and the MCP on the suboccipital surface. The DN was identified on both aspects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are no landmarks to locate the DN during surgery, our proposal of a quadrilateral that allows intraoperative localization of the nucleus reduce the morbidity and mortality of the surgery of the cerebellum.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy and biomechanics of posterior ligamentous complex of the human spine: a narrative review.","authors":"Stylianos Kapetanakis, Mikail Chatzivasiliadis, Nikolaos Gkantsinikoudis","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03679-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03679-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) serves as a crucial structural support of the human spine, consisting of the supraspinous ligament (SSL), interspinous ligament (ISL), and ligamentum flavum (LF), with each of these ligaments contributing greatly to limit biomechanical stress. While there is a general agreement on these key components, the literature still varies regarding the inclusion of the intertransverse ligament (ITL) and facet joint (FJ) capsules. Together, these ligaments contribute 30-40% of spinal stability. Preserving the structural and functional integrity of the PLC is essential in surgical planning, as ligaments that are compromised can affect postoperative spinal alignment and load distribution. While it has been revealed that each ligament has unique biomechanical properties, their collective function is essential for distributing mechanical loads and protecting adjacent structures. In this narrative review we offer an in-depth synthesis of the current available literature and offer an essential foundation for clinicians and researchers who aim to study the PLC biomechanical and anatomical function.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare origin of the left vertebral artery from distal thoracic aorta and accessory left posterior cerebral artery: a case report and clinical significance.","authors":"Deborah Boyett, Elias G Geist, Nadine M Khoury, Claire L Padilla, E Sander Connolly, Grace K Mandigo","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03664-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03664-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anatomic variants of the posterior cerebral circulation pose important clinical implications and are essential to understand during the preparation and execution of various endovascular, cranial, and thoracic procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We discuss the case of a 54-year-old woman presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage and found to have a left vertebral artery originating from the descending thoracic aorta at the level of T5 and accessory, \"true fetal\" posterior cerebral artery on Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the \"fetal\" posterior cerebral artery (PCA) variant is relatively common, the \"true fetal\" PCA involves persistence of the primitive anterior choroidal artery into adulthood, despite the development of a second posterior circulation artery. In similar fashion, the aortic artery origin of the vertebral artery is well documented, but origin below the level of T4 is not observed in human or mammalian anatomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the vertebral artery originating from the descending aorta below the level of T4, and the only reported case with both variants present in the same patient, thus warranting further discussion of their embryologic origins and clinical ramifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Length relationships between vertebral column and spinal cord: differential contributions of the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral regions.","authors":"Guillaume Glaudot, Anthony Nunès, Aegryan Lété, Benoît Lengelé, Catherine Behets, Aleksandar Jankovski","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03681-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-025-03681-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The localization of the human spinal cord (SC) segments remains a challenge without thorough post-mortem analysis and their relationship with the vertebrae has long been investigated. In this post-mortem study, we assessed the relationship between the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral lengths of the SC and of the vertebral column (VC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty human SCs were extracted from the vertebral canal. The cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regional lengths of SC and VC were measured by two examiners. Statistical analyses included t-test, ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Pearson's correlation test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant relationship was found between the sex of the subjects or the total SC length and its caudal limit in the vertebral canal. The length of the thoracic SC was significantly different between 3 groups of short, intermediate and long SCs, while no significant difference was observed in the lumbar and sacral SC regions. Highly significant correlations were observed between the thoracic SC length, on the one hand, and the total SC length, the thoracic VC length and the total VC length, on the other hand. The very constant length of the lumbar and sacral SC regions was not correlated with any regional SC or VC lengths.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the constant length of the lumbar and sacral SC regions, independently of any other regional SC and VC measurements, while the thoracic region of the SC appears to be the main contributor in the variation of the total SC length.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tooth with multiple supernumerary cusps and taurodontism concurrently accompanied with other taurodont teeth: a rare case report.","authors":"Zihui Tang, Hongchen Zhang, Rongrong Dang, Qiushi Zhang, Yan Huang, Yanwei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03682-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03682-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Supernumerary cusps and taurodontism are both dental anomalies with complex etiology. Their combination in a non-syndromic patient is rare and requires special dental considerations.This case report is to present this occurrence and discuss its clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 34-year-old male patient's cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten cusps and a pyramidal pulp chamber were observed on tooth 47. Mimics 21.0 and Geomagic 21.0 software were used for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the deformed tooth. Moreover, teeth 16, 17, 26 and 27 were classified as hypotaurodontism based on CBCT analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Simultaneous occurrence of supernumerary cusps and taurodontism in one tooth or patient is rare. Clinicians should be able to identify these anomalies and provide appropriate management and treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}