Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Bilateral variations in the branching of the external carotid artery: a case report.","authors":"Robert Abbott, Sarah Ward, Maya Jodidio, George Holan, Jeremy J Grachan","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03653-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00276-025-03653-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Various anatomical variations in the branching pattern of the external carotid arteries are known to occur with significant frequency and have been documented in published literature. The purpose of this case report is to document and discuss variations in the branching patterns of the external carotid artery as seen in an anatomical donor and determine the clinical relevance of these variations.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A routine dissection of an 89-year-old female anatomical donor, whose cause of death was reported as acute myocardial infarction and atherosclerotic heart disease, revealed variations in the branching patterns of both external carotid arteries. Bilaterally, the common carotid arteries bifurcated at the C4 vertebral level. On the left side, an occipitoauricular trunk originated 0.5 mm superior to the common carotid artery's bifurcation, whereas, on the right side, an occipitoauriculopharyngeal trunk branching 0.8 mm superior to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery was observed before branching into an occipitoauricular trunk and ascending pharyngeal artery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report reinforces previous publications on arterial branching patterns and the importance of imaging prior to procedures. Clinically, these variations may impact surgical approaches, endovascular procedures within the neck, and vascular pathology management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual fenestration of the A1 and azygos A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery illustrated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Marialuisa Zedde, Rosario Pascarella","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03645-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03645-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fenestrations are probably the most common among the anomalies of intracranial arteries. They are known for their association with other vascular conditions, such as aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in both A1 and A2 segments is subjected to many anomalies, including fenestrations, but they are rarer than hypoplasia and aplasia. The association of more than one anomaly has been described, but the presence of a dual fenestration in a single arterial segment has been anecdotally reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case of an incidentally discovered association of two ACA anomalies, i.e. dual fenestration in the A1 segment and azygos pattern in the A2 segment, is presented. Both anomalies were identified in a brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study with MR Angiography. The clinical indication for MRI was tinnitus. The other intracranial arteries were unremarkable (apart from duplicated posterior communicating arteries) and the brain parenchyma did not show abnormalities. No aneurysms were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reported anomalies (the dual fenestration and the azygos A2 ACA) are located in the same arterial territory and potentially have a long-term effect on the local hemodynamics of the ACA facilitating the formation of aneurysms. Then, an imaging follow-up may be adviced.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitance of persistent primitive olfactory artery, accessory middle cerebral, and early bifurcated anterior cerebral arteries.","authors":"George Triantafyllou, Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis, Fabrice Duparc, George Tsakotos, Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03647-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03647-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebral arterial circle is susceptible to various developmental anomalies that may persist in adulthood. Notably, the persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare variation, with a reported prevalence of 0.14%, and it is infrequently paired with other vascular anomalies. This imaging report details a unique instance involving a 65-year-old male patient presenting a rare combination of a left-sided PPOA, a left-sided accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA), and an early bifurcation of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The arterial variations were identified utilizing computed tomography angiography (CTA). The PPOA, characterized by its distinctive hairpin turn and nasal branch, runs parallel to the A2 segments, while the AMCA emerges as an anomalous branch from the ACA. Comprehending such configurations is essential for preoperative planning in anterior skull base surgeries due to the associated risks of aneurysm formation and potential intraoperative complications. This case underscores the significance of recognizing rare vascular anomalies to mitigate surgical risks and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of C5 segmental vertebral artery using magnetic resonance angiography.","authors":"Kenji Takata, Midori Ueda, Kiyotaka Takeuchi, Hideaki Komiya, Daisuke Yoshikawa, Satomi Kanai, Tasuku Wakabayashi, Ayaki Kitano, Mariko Toyooka, Toyohiko Sakai, Tetsuya Tsujikawa","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03640-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03640-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The vertebral artery (VA) typically enters the subarachnoid space at the atlanto-occipital region. However, segmental variations can occur, with the VA entering the spinal canal at atypical levels. While a C3 segmental VA has been reported, no prior studies describe a C5 segmental VA. This case represents the first documented occurrence of this anomaly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An 8-year-old girl underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging for headache screening, which incidentally revealed an abnormal VA course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Imaging revealed the absence of the left VA at the proximal V2 segment. Instead, a radiculomedullary artery at C4/5 entered the spinal canal and contributed to the formation of the anterior spinal artery (ASA), which ascended along the spinal cord. The right VA appeared normal; however, a radiculomedullary artery at the C3/4 level was identified, joining the contralateral radiculomedullary artery at the C1 level to form the ASA. Additionally, bilateral accessory middle cerebral arteries were observed. No clear association was found between this anomaly and the patient's headache, and she remained under observation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This anomaly may result from persistence of the fifth intersegmental artery. The vascular course resembled collateral circulation observed in acquired VA occlusion. Given its proximity to the spinal cord, potential risks include ischemic complications and spinal cord compression. This case highlights the importance of accurate imaging and careful surgical planning. Further studies on these rare vascular anomalies will enhance our understanding of VA variations and their clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessory anterior cerebral artery of duplicate origin associated with accessory middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery fenestration.","authors":"Hideki Endo, Hidetoshi Ono, Yohei Yamaguchi, Hirohiko Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03649-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03649-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There are few reports of an accessory anterior cerebral artery (ACA) of duplicate origin. The combination of accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ACA fenestration is also rare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report a case of accessory ACA of duplicate origin associated with accessory MCA and ACA fenestration diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 25-year-old woman visited our hospital because of headaches. She underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and MRA, including partial maximum intensity projection and volume rendering images, which showed an accessory ACA originating from the anterior communicating artery. The accessory ACA had two limbs in its proximal portion. Careful assessment revealed a duplicate origin of the accessory ACA. MRA also showed a left accessory MCA arising from the left ACA proximal A1 segment and fenestration of the left ACA distal A1 segment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identification of these rare anatomical variants requires careful imaging assessment. In our case, MRA partial maximum intensity projection and volume rendering images were useful and provided a better understanding of the three-dimensional vascular architecture. Although no aneurysms were observed in our case, patients with such anatomical variations should be carefully assessed for associated aneurysms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical study of the lateral plantar ligament of the population in the southwest of Shandong Province.","authors":"Zhuan Gao, Yue Li, Yu-Jie Yang, Li-Ying Guo, Shuang-Fei Yu, Jing Wang, Jing Li","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03651-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03651-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To clarify the anatomical characteristics of the lateral plantar ligament (LPL) of the transverse metatarsal arch (TMA) in the population of southwest Shandong Province, so as to complement the anatomical structures of the midfoot and Lisfranc joint complexes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 adult lower limbs were dissected and the types of LPL were divided according to their insertions, among them, 63 were (63%) and 37 were female (37%); 50 were on the left side (50%) and 50 were on the right side (50%). The fiber bundle length, origin width, insertion width, and thickness of the LPL were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) According to the insertions of the LPL, they were divided into: ① Type I, the LPL was inserted at the base of the second metatarsal (M2) in 47 cases; ② Type II, the LPL was inserted at the base of M2 and fused with tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) in 16 cases; ③ Type III, the LPL was absent in 16 cases; ④ Type IV, the LPL was inserted at TPT in 6 cases; ⑤ Type V, the LPL was inserted at the intermediate cuneiform (IC) in 1 case; ⑥ Type VI, bifid LPL with one bundle inserted at the base of M2, and the other bundle inserted at the medial cuneiform (MC) in 4 cases; ⑦ Type VII, two bundles of LPL inserted at the base of M2 in 8 cases; ⑧ Type VIII, the LPL consisted of 3 bundles; the distal, middle and proximal bundles was inserted at the base of M2, the TPT and the lateral side of navicular bone in 2 cases, respectively. (2) There was a statistical significance in the length of LPL between male (31.62 ± 3.83) mm and female (28.07 ± 3.46) mm (t=-3.050, P = 0.003). There was no statistical significance in the types of LPL between male and female (Z=-1.721, P > 0.05), and no statistical significance in the types between left and right sides (Z=-0.026, P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our research, LPL originates from M5 and is divided into 8 types according to its insertion location, of which insertion at the base of M2 is the most common. In addition, we found that LPL has fibrous fusion with the long plantar ligament and the TPT, which may be involved in maintaining arch stability. The classification of LPL in this study is a supplement to the anatomical structure of the middle foot and Lisfranc joint complex, providing a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of middle foot and arch injury in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant courses of the occipital artery.","authors":"Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Cătălin Constantin Dumitru, Răzvan Costin Tudose","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03650-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03650-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The occipital artery (OA), typically arising from the external carotid artery (ECA), usually courses deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle as it ascends toward the skull base. While variations in the height of origin from the ECA are known, aberrant courses of the OA have not been previously documented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents a four-case series identified through retrospective analysis of archived CT angiograms involving three female and one male patient, aged between 57 and 66.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In two cases, the OA was observed to pass deep to the internal jugular vein instead of its usual superficial trajectory; these variants were located on the left side. In the remaining two cases, the OA demonstrated aberrant retromandibular courses deep within the parotid glands. One of these cases revealed bilateral retromandibular segments of the OA, while the other exhibited a common occipitoauricular trunk originating from the right superficial temporal artery within the parotid space, which subsequently divided into the posterior auricular artery and the OA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These previously unreported anatomical variations are clinically significant and should be considered during surgical or interventional procedures involving the parotid region.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior inferior cerebellar artery originating from a limb of intracranial vertebral artery fenestration: a Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography study.","authors":"Marialuisa Zedde, Rosario Pascarella","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03641-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03641-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to describe a rare case of a posterior cerebral artery (PIC) dual origin from a vertebral artery (VA) fenestration and to propose a detailed embryological reasoning on this anomaly. Among the anomalies of intracranial arteries, fenestrations are not uncommon and they may be associated with aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations. The VA is one of the most frequent locations for fenestrations, being more common in extracranial that in intracranial segment and due to different embryological mechanisms. Moreover, among the cerebellar arteries, the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) demonstrates the greatest anatomical variability regarding its origin, course, and branching pattern. In some cases, the differentiation between fenestrations and duplications is quite subtle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We are presenting the case of an association of anomalies with a huge fenestration of the V4 VA and PICA originating from one of the limbs of the fenestration. This was an incidental finding during a computed tomography angiography (CTA) performed because of sudden headache. The anatomical and embryological features of this finding are discussed in detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reported anomaly may have different names (fenestration vs duplication) and different embryological origins among the persisting primitive anastomoses pertaining to the lateral spinal artery or posterior spinal artery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the inheritance pattern of palmaris longus muscle absence.","authors":"Nikola Vučinić, Aleksa D Novaković, Mirela Erić, Nikolina Pupovac","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03643-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03643-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The palmaris longus muscle is among the most anatomically variable muscles in the human body and is often absent. Its absence is known to be inherited, yet the precise mode of genetic transmission remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of this muscle's absence in a sample of randomly selected families across several generations (parents and their biological children) and to assess the pattern of inheritance related to the presence or absence of the muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 82 individuals (39 males and 43 females) from 20 families, consisting of fathers, mothers, and all their joint offspring, were examined. The presence of the muscle was assessed bilaterally using Schaeffer's test along with additional clinical maneuvers. Descriptive statistical methods, including absolute and relative frequencies, were applied, and results were presented in both graphical and tabular formats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed that the palmaris longus muscle was absent in a greater proportion of individuals (59.75%) than it was present (40.25%). In 80% of the families (16 out of 20), at least one child exhibited the same trait as a parent, indicating a consistent transmission pattern across generations. However, in 20% of families (4 out of 20), the trait skipped a generation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that the absence of the palmaris longus muscle is a hereditary trait, occurring more frequently than its presence, within the studied families. The inheritance pattern aligns with an autosomal dominant transmission model. The absence of the palmaris longus muscle is likely influenced by a dominant gene exhibiting incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, or potentially by mutational effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A morphometric study of posterior tibial slope differences by sex and ethnicity in a South African population.","authors":"Erik Hohmann, Adri Nel, Reinette van Zyl, Natalie Keough, Nkhensani Mogale","doi":"10.1007/s00276-025-03639-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-025-03639-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49461,"journal":{"name":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}