SynthesePub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s11229-025-05091-7
Kate Vredenburgh
{"title":"Fairness and randomness in decision-making: the case of decision thresholds.","authors":"Kate Vredenburgh","doi":"10.1007/s11229-025-05091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11229-025-05091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper defends the role of lotteries in fair decision-making. It does so by targeting the use of decision thresholds to convert algorithmic predictions and classifications into decisions. Using an account of fairness from John Broome, the paper argues that decision thresholds are sometimes unfair, and that lotteries would be a fairer allocation method. It closes by dealing with two objections. First, it deals with the objection that lotteries should only be used to break ties in cases where individuals' claims are equally strong. Here, the paper gives a new argument for Broome's view, targeting decision criteria that are arbitrary and highly standardized. It then defends the arguments of the paper against the objection that lotteries are not morally superior to other methods of arbitrary choosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"206 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s11229-025-05147-8
Jodie Louise Russell
{"title":"Prescriptive 'selves' and self-illness ambiguity.","authors":"Jodie Louise Russell","doi":"10.1007/s11229-025-05147-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11229-025-05147-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent work on the phenomenon of self-illness ambiguity has sought to not only understand how tensions arise between one's experience of self and one's disorder experiences, but also how best to resolve said ambiguities to relieve the suffering of the person in question (Sadler, Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 70(2), 113-129, 2007; Dings & Glas, Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 27(4), 333-347, 2020; Dings & de Bruin, American Journal of Bioethics, 22(6), 58-60, 2022; Jeppsson, Philosophical Explorations, 25(3), 294-313, 2022). While the involvement of other people has been emphasised as important in regulating the self and thus will play a part in self-illness ambiguity, the impact of this social dimension has not been sufficiently explored. The goal of this paper is to provide an account of how social norms may be implicated in the enactment of the 'self' and experiences of self-illness ambiguity. To do this, I will provide a plausible account of what it means to have a coherent or understandable self, drawing on the mind-shaping view of social cognition (McGeer, Folk Psychology Re-Assessed, 137-156, 2007; Mameli, Biology & Philosophy, 16(5), 595-626, 2001; Zawidzki, Philosophical Explorations, 11(3), 193-210, 2008; Zawidzki, Mindshaping: A new framework for understanding human social cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013; Zawidzki, Mindshaping and self-interpretation. In J. Kiverstein (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of the Social Mind, 495-513. London & New York: Routledge, 2016). Mind-shaping suggests that we are successful in social coordination tasks because we are able to negotiate and follow shared norms that facilitate understanding. These norms indicate and shape what kinds of people we understand ourselves to be, as well as how others understand us, which we might refer to as the 'self'. Given that disorder experiences can be transformative, fundamentally changing how the world is meaningful for someone, we may therefore expect that disorder experiences can transform norms of the self that may undermine seamless social coordination. Following this, I argue that individuals with self-illness ambiguity face unique challenges when it comes to navigating social problems that other individuals with disorder experiences may not face. This is because, as I argue, some discourses around mental disorder are deemed more or less <i>valuable</i> strategies for conceptualising the relationship between self and disorder. Since self-illness ambiguity doesn't 'fit' into these discourses, individuals with self-illness ambiguity may feel isolated not just from their wider community but also from mental disorder communities themselves. I suggest, then, that individuals with self-illness ambiguity might experience an acute form of alienation that is yet to be discussed in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"206 2","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04452-4
K. H. Kalewold
{"title":"The hybrid account of activities","authors":"K. H. Kalewold","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04452-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04452-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04426-6
Kory Matteoli
{"title":"The once and always possible","authors":"Kory Matteoli","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04426-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04426-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04449-z
Harald Atmanspacher
{"title":"Psychophysical neutrality and its descendants: a brief primer for dual-aspect monism","authors":"Harald Atmanspacher","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04449-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04449-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"2 11","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04443-5
Martin Fischer, Matteo Zicchetti
{"title":"Definite totalities and determinate truth in conceptual structuralism","authors":"Martin Fischer, Matteo Zicchetti","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04443-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04443-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"11 8","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04432-8
Harold Kincaid
{"title":"A naturalist approach to social ontology","authors":"Harold Kincaid","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04432-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04432-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"7 5","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04436-4
Tomasz Puczyłowski
{"title":"Why a Gricean-style defense of the vacuous truth of counterpossibles won’t work, but a defense based on heuristics just might","authors":"Tomasz Puczyłowski","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04436-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04436-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"3 4","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04427-5
Miguel Núñez de Prado-Gordillo
{"title":"Broken wills and ill beliefs: Szaszianism, expressivism, and the doubly value-laden nature of mental disorder","authors":"Miguel Núñez de Prado-Gordillo","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04427-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04427-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"30 9","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04446-2
Philippe Stamenkovic
{"title":"Straightening the ‘value-laden turn’: minimising the influence of extra-scientific values in science","authors":"Philippe Stamenkovic","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04446-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04446-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"4 3","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}