SynthesePub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-23DOI: 10.1007/s11229-024-04814-6
Bahram Assadian, Robert Fraser
{"title":"The individuation of mathematical objects.","authors":"Bahram Assadian, Robert Fraser","doi":"10.1007/s11229-024-04814-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04814-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Against mathematical platonism, it is sometimes objected that mathematical objects are mysterious. One possible elaboration of this objection is that the individuation of mathematical objects cannot be adequately explained. This suggests that facts about the numerical identity and distinctness of mathematical objects require an explanation, but that their supposed nature precludes us from providing one. In this paper, we evaluate this nominalist objection by exploring three ways in which mathematical objects may be individuated: by the intrinsic properties they possess, by the relations they stand in, and by their underlying 'substance'. We argue that only the third mode of individuation raises metaphysical problems that could substantiate the claim that mathematical objects are somehow mysterious. Since the platonist is under no obligation to accept this thesis over the alternatives, we conclude that, at least as far as individuation is concerned, the nominalist objection has no bite.</p>","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"205 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1007/s11229-024-04884-6
Michael Wee
{"title":"Concept-formation and deep disagreements in theoretical and practical reasoning.","authors":"Michael Wee","doi":"10.1007/s11229-024-04884-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11229-024-04884-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the idea that deep disagreements essentially involve disputes about what counts as good reasoning, whether it is theoretical or practical reasoning. My central claim is that deep disagreements involve radically different paradigms of some principle or notion that is constitutively basic to reasoning-I refer to these as \"basic concepts\". To defend this claim, I show how we can understand deep disagreements by accepting the indeterminacy of concept-formation: concepts are not set in stone but are responsive to human needs, and differences in individuating and ordering concepts lead to clashes in paradigms of reasoning. These clashes can be difficult to resolve because linguistic concepts, especially basic concepts, impose a normative structure onto thought to make reasoning possible at all. This, I also argue, is an authentically Wittgensteinian account of the nature of reasoning. While deep disagreements involving theoretical and practical reasoning both stem from the same root problem of clashing paradigms of basic concepts, I will also draw attention to the particularly radical indeterminacy of moral concept-formation, which makes moral deep disagreements more difficult to resolve. Over the course of the paper, I will discuss two examples of deep disagreements to illustrate and defend my central claim: deep disagreements over vaccines and the concept of \"evidence\" (theoretical reasoning) and deep disagreements over affirmative action and the concept of \"fairness\" (practical reasoning). I conclude by suggesting how my account of reasoning does not lead to moral relativism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"205 2","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04452-4
K. H. Kalewold
{"title":"The hybrid account of activities","authors":"K. H. Kalewold","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04452-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04452-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04426-6
Kory Matteoli
{"title":"The once and always possible","authors":"Kory Matteoli","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04426-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04426-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04449-z
Harald Atmanspacher
{"title":"Psychophysical neutrality and its descendants: a brief primer for dual-aspect monism","authors":"Harald Atmanspacher","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04449-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04449-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"2 11","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04443-5
Martin Fischer, Matteo Zicchetti
{"title":"Definite totalities and determinate truth in conceptual structuralism","authors":"Martin Fischer, Matteo Zicchetti","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04443-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04443-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"11 8","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04432-8
Harold Kincaid
{"title":"A naturalist approach to social ontology","authors":"Harold Kincaid","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04432-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04432-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"7 5","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04436-4
Tomasz Puczyłowski
{"title":"Why a Gricean-style defense of the vacuous truth of counterpossibles won’t work, but a defense based on heuristics just might","authors":"Tomasz Puczyłowski","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04436-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04436-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"3 4","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04427-5
Miguel Núñez de Prado-Gordillo
{"title":"Broken wills and ill beliefs: Szaszianism, expressivism, and the doubly value-laden nature of mental disorder","authors":"Miguel Núñez de Prado-Gordillo","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04427-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04427-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"30 9","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SynthesePub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04446-2
Philippe Stamenkovic
{"title":"Straightening the ‘value-laden turn’: minimising the influence of extra-scientific values in science","authors":"Philippe Stamenkovic","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04446-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04446-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"4 3","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}