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Plastic Grass, Suburban Dreams: AstroTurf and the Idea of Augmented Nature. 塑料草，郊区的梦想：人造草皮和增强自然的想法。
IF 0.8 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a956852
Jessica Van Horssen
{"title":"Plastic Grass, Suburban Dreams: AstroTurf and the Idea of Augmented Nature.","authors":"Jessica Van Horssen","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a956852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2025.a956852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the development of AstroTurf in postwar North America as a case study in \"augmented nature,\" where technologies simulate and redefine elements of the natural world. The plastic substitute for natural grass embodied a broader cultural commitment to suburban lawn aesthetics and exemplified a \"break-it-and-fix-it\" approach to ecological challenges. By analyzing AstroTurf's marketing-particularly its showcase at Montreal's Expo '67-the article introduces the concept of augmented nature and examines its role in reshaping mid-century understandings of nature, technology, and environmental problem-solving. In so doing, it offers new insights into the cultural significance of domestic green spaces, aesthetic ideals, and the role of synthetic materials in manipulating perceptions of the natural world.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 2","pages":"481-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Standards Became Documents: Uniform Screw Threads and Standardization in the Age of Industrial Print. 标准如何成为文件：工业印刷时代的统一螺纹和标准化。
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a965819
Jonathan H Grossman
{"title":"How Standards Became Documents: Uniform Screw Threads and Standardization in the Age of Industrial Print.","authors":"Jonathan H Grossman","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965819","DOIUrl":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the nineteenth century, the process of creating standards became part of a burgeoning engineering print culture. Long before their institutionalization in standards institutes in the early twentieth century, standards evolved into a print genre-one that has remained largely invisible in historical accounts. This article recovers this print history of standards. I argue that in Joseph Whitworth's On an Uniform System of Screw Threads (1841) the genre coalesces dialogically. It descended from eighteenth-century engineering reports that documented completed works, and it contended with contemporary engineering papers that conveyed experimental results or derived best practices. In proposing a potential consensus for manufacturing screws to uniform specifications, the genre assumed the print dissemination of a standard could serve as a collective and public path towards a standard. At the same time, its rhetorical structure aimed to present the standard not as a prescription but as a record of existing practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 3","pages":"649-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crafting with the Integrated Circuit: How Material Culture Shaped Hobbyist Innovation. 制作集成电路：物质文化如何塑造业余爱好者的创新。
IF 0.8 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a956848
Kayleigh Perkov
{"title":"Crafting with the Integrated Circuit: How Material Culture Shaped Hobbyist Innovation.","authors":"Kayleigh Perkov","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a956848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2025.a956848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates how the development of the integrated circuit (IC) and the solderless breadboard reshaped the practices of electronics hobbyists during the 1960s and 1970s. As the IC became a black box that obscured its internal workings, hobbyists turned to periodicals and hands-on tools like the breadboard to navigate this shift. The breadboard fostered a \"sketch-like\" approach to electronic design, emphasizing creativity and iterative learning. By tracing these transformations, the article argues that this period fundamentally shaped contemporary understandings of innovation by highlighting the dynamic interplay between hands-on skill and emerging technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 2","pages":"357-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Where Research Meets Place: Iron, Identity, and the Reshaping of Historical Inquiry in Arctic Sweden. 哪里的研究遇到的地方：铁，身份，并在瑞典北极历史调查的重塑。
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a965818
Kristina Söderholm, Carina Bennerhag
{"title":"Where Research Meets Place: Iron, Identity, and the Reshaping of Historical Inquiry in Arctic Sweden.","authors":"Kristina Söderholm, Carina Bennerhag","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965818","DOIUrl":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines how place-based dynamics reshape historical research, drawing on a retrospective analysis of a project on 2,200-year-old iron metallurgy in Arctic Sweden. Findings of advanced ironworking among ancient hunter-gatherers challenged dominant center-periphery narratives and exposed the influence of ongoing marginalization in Sweden's far north. The research was redirected by local histories, Indigenous and minority politics, and resource extraction legacies, particularly affecting the Sámi as well as other minorities. By tracing how place altered the research trajectory, the article highlights the entanglement of knowledge production with postcolonial struggles for recognition. It argues for the broader relevance of place in shaping historical inquiry across disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 3","pages":"623-647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making Homemakers Responsible for Safety: Housework, Laundry Equipment, and the Unequal Burdens of Accident Prevention, C. 1910-80. 使家庭主妇对安全负责：家务、洗衣设备和事故预防的不平等负担，C. 1910- 1980。
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a956850
Alexander I Parry
{"title":"Making Homemakers Responsible for Safety: Housework, Laundry Equipment, and the Unequal Burdens of Accident Prevention, C. 1910-80.","authors":"Alexander I Parry","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a956850","DOIUrl":"10.1353/tech.2025.a956850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates how twentieth-century U.S. corporations, nonprofit safety experts, and engineers came together to control the risks of home laundry equipment. Professionals worked with citizen-consumers in the U.S. to form a voluntary safety system intended to prevent injuries using education, markets for \"safe\" appliances, and consumer product testing. This system catered to informed middle-class families and relied on the principles of personal responsibility and free enterprise. Although home safety measures decreased fatal accidents, they disproportionately added to the workloads of contemporary homemakers and reinforced existing gender and class inequities. This article argues that these inequities set the stage for later government intervention, offering new insights into the intersections between consumer technology, domestic labor, and regulation. Resituating the history of safety from workplaces and transportation networks to the home, this article shows how injury prevention influenced how Americans shopped for and used potentially dangerous laundry machines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 2","pages":"411-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calendars for the People: Runestaves as Medieval/Early Modern Vernacular Science. 人民日历：符文作为中世纪/早期现代白话科学。
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a971301
Michael Dunn, Sigi Vandewinkel, Tiago Tresoldi
{"title":"Calendars for the People: Runestaves as Medieval/Early Modern Vernacular Science.","authors":"Michael Dunn, Sigi Vandewinkel, Tiago Tresoldi","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a971301","DOIUrl":"10.1353/tech.2025.a971301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Runestaves are perpetual calendars that were made and used in Sweden and surrounding areas from the turn of the first millennium until printed almanacs superseded them in the seventeenth or eighteenth century. They represent a sophisticated form of vernacular science-tools that enabled lay users to calculate lunar cycles, feast days, and even Easter, independent of clerical authority. As such, runestaves exemplify locally maintained systems of empirical observation, symbolic notation, and collective knowledge transmission. Alongside the first extensive reconstruction of regional and temporal variation, this article draws on a new database of over 800 transcriptions to uncover the cognitive and cultural mechanisms that enabled this popular, extra-institutional perpetuation of calendrical science.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 4","pages":"1057-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Invisible Infrastructure: Radio Waves and Material Knowledge in Early Twentieth Century Japan. 看不见的基础设施：二十世纪初日本的无线电波和物质知识。
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a965826
Daqing Yang
{"title":"Invisible Infrastructure: Radio Waves and Material Knowledge in Early Twentieth Century Japan.","authors":"Daqing Yang","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965826","DOIUrl":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do humans engage with infrastructure whose major components are invisible and poorly understood? While many studies assume that infrastructure's materiality is known and stable, early twentieth-century radio communication presented a striking exception: radio waves were new and possessed properties beyond human knowledge. The limited frequencies available for medium- and long-wave wireless transmission sparked anxieties over international competition, while growing reliance on shortwave communication raised the stakes for understanding how radio waves behaved, especially in relation to the ionosphere. Focusing on Japan, a late-industrializing country, this article shows how shifting knowledge of materiality-shaped by political, scientific, and industrial contexts-profoundly shaped infrastructure development. Because much of the physical world remains unknown and human knowledge constantly evolves, this study underscores the mediated nature of materiality in all infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 3","pages":"827-855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tracing Creosote's Legacy: From the Rails of Europe to Unplanned Deposits. 追寻杂酚油的遗产：从欧洲的铁路到计划外的矿床。
IF 0.7 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a965824
Martin Meiske
{"title":"Tracing Creosote's Legacy: From the Rails of Europe to Unplanned Deposits.","authors":"Martin Meiske","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965824","DOIUrl":"10.1353/tech.2025.a965824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article combines infrastructure history with a residual materialist approach to trace the history of creosote-a toxic coal tar oil used to impregnate wooden railroad ties. Once an unwanted by-product of coal gasification, creosote became a valued industrial fluid through state and corporate interventions. Focusing on Germany and Austro-Hungary from the 1880s to the interwar period, its study highlights the central role of actors like the Rütgers company in this transformation. It examines the scientification of wood impregnation, the rivalry between creosote-treated wooden ties and iron alternatives, and the influence of maintainers in shaping material preferences. By investigating creosote's \"unruliness\"-its toxic effects and unpredictable material behaviors, from molecular interactions to transnational flows-the article reveals the entangled impacts of industrial materials on infrastructure, human health, and the environment. In doing so, it underlines the interconnectedness of human and more-than-human worlds in the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 3","pages":"777-798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Mirrored City Underground: Air-Raid Shelters as Political Architectures in Barcelona and London, 1936-40. 一个镜像的地下城市：防空洞作为政治建筑在巴塞罗那和伦敦，1936-40。
IF 0.8 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a956847
Jaume Valentines-Álvarez
{"title":"A Mirrored City Underground: Air-Raid Shelters as Political Architectures in Barcelona and London, 1936-40.","authors":"Jaume Valentines-Álvarez","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a956847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2025.a956847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines air-raid shelters in Barcelona and London during the late 1930s as architectural embodiments of political ideologies and social dynamics. During the Spanish Civil War, Barcelona became a huge laboratory to test not only new means of destruction but also of protection for the coming World War: a city of shelters emerged underground, mobilizing nature, knowledge, expertise, and community networks. In London, the heated debate on civil defense was informed by the experiments held in Barcelona. Focusing on three types of shelters and the politics that they reflected, the study reveals how wartime protection technologies mirrored the conflicts and hierarchies of the societies they served. By situating these shelters within broader wartime technopolitics, the article highlights the interplay between technological landscapes, social networks, gender constructs, and political ideologies during moments of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 2","pages":"321-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Before Arsenic: Recovering a Forgotten Indian Technique of Painting with Indigo and its Implications for Knowledge Transfer. 在砷之前：恢复被遗忘的印度靛蓝绘画技术及其对知识转移的影响。
IF 0.8 3区 哲学
Technology and Culture Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/tech.2025.a956853
Alka Raman
{"title":"Before Arsenic: Recovering a Forgotten Indian Technique of Painting with Indigo and its Implications for Knowledge Transfer.","authors":"Alka Raman","doi":"10.1353/tech.2025.a956853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2025.a956853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article challenges the prevailing historiography, which asserts that painting with indigo on cotton was technically impossible until the British innovation with arsenic trisulphide in the 1730s. By reconstructing the Indian indigo painting process from the Beaulieu manuscript, the study demonstrates that European dismissal of fermented coconut sap as a viable technique stemmed from a lack of understanding and the incompatibility of the Indian technique with capital-intensive production models. Painting with indigo was not a technical impossibility but an economic and artisanal problem, requiring specialized knowledge of fermented coconut sap's properties. The study argues that successful knowledge transfer depends on adaptability to environmental and structural conditions, advancing a broader definition of \"useful knowledge\" in global economic and technological history-one not limited by immediate economic applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49446,"journal":{"name":"Technology and Culture","volume":"66 2","pages":"509-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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