Revolution and Resistance in the Desert: The Guggenheim System's Impact on Nitrate Mining and Society in Atacama, 1926–31

IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Damir Galaz-Mandakovic, Francisco Rivera
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

abstract:

In 1926, during an economic crisis that severely impacted the mining industry, Guggenheim Brothers, the Guggenheim family business, implemented a new technological system to extract saltpeter from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. Known as the Guggenheim system, this cutting-edge technological innovation had a significant impact on regional society and facilitated the introduction of Chilean saltpeter into the global fertilizer market. For this system to succeed, however, it had to incorporate a sociopolitical strategy based on a highly hierarchical and well-controlled labor force. Through their political and cultural influence in the region, the Guggenheim family's industry transformed a remote area into a state periphery, creating new ways of inhabiting the desert within a strict framework in which workers' lives were regulated by company-imposed labor discipline. With more political power than the state, the Guggenheim family sought to suppress any social agency deemed dangerous to the production of saltpeter.

沙漠中的革命与抵抗:古根海姆系统对阿塔卡马硝酸盐开采和社会的影响,1926-31 年
摘要:1926 年,在一场严重影响采矿业的经济危机中,古根海姆家族企业古根海姆兄弟公司采用了一种新的技术系统,从智利北部的阿塔卡马沙漠中提取硝石。这一被称为 "古根海姆系统 "的尖端技术创新对当地社会产生了重大影响,并促进了智利硝石进入全球化肥市场。然而,要使这一系统取得成功,就必须在高度等级化和控制良好的劳动力基础上纳入社会政治战略。通过在该地区的政治和文化影响力,古根海姆家族的工业将一个偏远地区变成了国家的边缘地区,在一个严格的框架内创造了居住在沙漠中的新方式,工人的生活受到公司强加的劳动纪律的约束。古根海姆家族拥有比国家更强大的政治力量,他们试图压制任何被认为对硝石生产有危害的社会机构。
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来源期刊
Technology and Culture
Technology and Culture 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
14.30%
发文量
225
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Technology and Culture, the preeminent journal of the history of technology, draws on scholarship in diverse disciplines to publish insightful pieces intended for general readers as well as specialists. Subscribers include scientists, engineers, anthropologists, sociologists, economists, museum curators, archivists, scholars, librarians, educators, historians, and many others. In addition to scholarly essays, each issue features 30-40 book reviews and reviews of new museum exhibitions. To illuminate important debates and draw attention to specific topics, the journal occasionally publishes thematic issues. Technology and Culture is the official journal of the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT).
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