Thin-Walled Structures最新文献

{"title":"An optimal design method for loading path with multiple feature points using machine learning","authors":"Binyu Yan ,&nbsp;Chunlei Liu ,&nbsp;Bao Meng ,&nbsp;Ruichen Tao ,&nbsp;Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Min Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel optimization design method for loading paths was proposed, which not only converted complex path optimization into the optimization of discrete point coordinates to reduce the difficulty of solving, but also integrated machine learning to enhance efficiency and solution accuracy. For the multi-stage hydroforming of ultrathin M-shaped component, the analytical models for key process parameters were derived based on static mechanical analysis. Through analysis of the process parameter boundary constraints, a process window was constructed, revealing a positive correlation between the maximum fracture pressure and the strain ratio. A loading path with three characteristic points was designed for forming the M-shaped ring. Pre-bulging pressure and deformation distance were found to have significant effects on wall thickness and edge movement, while the design space for pre-bulging pressure, deformation distance and feeding bulging pressure was established. Simulation results from uniform design experiments served as training samples to develop a machine learning model that elucidates the relationship between process parameters and forming quality. Using a genetic algorithm, the optimal loading path was determined and subsequently validated through experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the formed M-shaped parts using the designed optimal loading path exhibited excellent forming quality. The cross-sectional shape accuracy of the formed component aligned well with the theoretical values. Furthermore, the maximum thickness thinning rate of the part was only 6.66%, further validating the effectiveness of the proposed optimal loading path design method for process parameters design in multi-stage forming processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Fidelity Modeling and Delamination Load Prediction Method for Composite Tenons Driven by Image Recognition","authors":"Wulin Si ,&nbsp;Rongqiao Wang ,&nbsp;Chunxiao Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Zhang ,&nbsp;Peishen Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Wu ,&nbsp;Dianyin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resin matrix composite fan blades exhibit complex internal geometries with intricate ply stacking sequences and manufacturing-induced defects. This study focuses on the tenon structure - a critical yet vulnerable component that sustains exceptionally high static loads during service. To accommodate thickness transition from blade root to airfoil, the tenon incorporates extensive ply drop-offs, creating pronounced stress concentrations. Furthermore, abrupt sectional changes during manufacturing often induce wrinkles and fiber misalignments, significantly compromising structural integrity and potentially leading to premature failure. These complexities pose significant challenges for accurate modeling and failure analysis. Conventional high-fidelity modeling approaches prove prohibitively time-consuming for such intricate structures, while simplified models inevitably overlook crucial geometric details, resulting in inadequate predictive capability. To address these limitations, this research introduces a high-fidelity modeling approach driven by image recognition and deep learning. A semantic segmentation network is developed, achieving a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 89.20% on the validation set, enabling efficient and precise identification of ply contours. The reconstructed model demonstrates exceptional accuracy with a positional deviation below 0.62% when validated against CT scanning data. Based on this refined model, an interlaminar damage analysis combining progressive damage and cohesive zone models accurately predicts delamination onset loads within 6.4% of experimental results. More importantly, the refined model captures the influence of manufacturing defects on failure progression—revealing distinct failure mechanisms across different regions—which cannot be represented in conventional idealized models. This integrated framework significantly accelerates the high-fidelity model generation process, thereby facilitating the strength design and failure assessment of resin matrix composite fan blades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Spallation and Equation of State of TiZrHfNbTa Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Dynamic High Pressure","authors":"Yuyang Guo,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Yiwen Hai","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic compressive mechanical response, post-mortem sample analysis, theoretical calculations, and finite element simulations of a body-centered cubic (BCC) single-phase TiZrHfNbTa refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) were investigated through plate impact tests at impact velocities ranging from 353.85 to 908.00<!--> <!-->m/s. The free-surface velocity histories were measured under loading strain rates of 0.11–0.17 × 10⁵ s⁻¹ and peak stresses of 3.41–17.27<!--> <!-->GPa. The results indicate that the Hugoniot elastic limit of the TiZrHfNbTa RHEA ranges from 0.43 to 0.45<!--> <!-->GPa, and the spall strength ranges from 2.54 to 3.75<!--> <!-->GPa. A positive correlation between peak stress and spall strength is observed, demonstrating a significant strain rate strengthening effect. The Mie-Grüneisen equation of state (EOS) for the TiZrHfNbTa RHEA was established with parameters <em>C</em>₀=3028.45<!--> <!-->m/s、<em>λ</em>=1.90、Г₀=2.86, and <em>a</em>=0.78. The validity of the equation of state was verified through finite element analysis, with a maximum relative error of 7.51%. Furthermore, combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 、X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) analyses revealed that the alloy exhibits a ductile–brittle mixed fracture mode dominated by ductile damage. Due to the coupled effects of locally ultra-high strain rates and shock-induced temperature rise (maximum of 601.2<!--> <!-->K) within adiabatic shear bands, the TiZrHfNbTa RHEA undergoes a phase transformation from a single-phase BCC to a dual-phase BCC+HCP structure. This dual-phase structure impedes crack propagation, increases crack path tortuosity, and consumes more fracture energy, thereby enhancing the spall strength of the alloy and reducing the re-acceleration during damage evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114949"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debris Behavior and Damage Characteristics of Lattice Structures under Hypervelocity Impact","authors":"Guiyang Guan ,&nbsp;Jianxiang Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yin ,&nbsp;Qunyi Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continued degradation of low earth orbit environment has intensified the risk of space debris impact on spacecraft, signaling the urgent need for high-performance protective structures. Lattice structures, featuring high specific strength and stiffness, excellent design flexibility and multifunctionality, are regarded as promising protective structures. Their three-dimensional open channels, however, yield protection and damage evolution distinct from conventional shielding materials. In this study, an FE-SPH adaptive coupling method is employed to develop a numerical model of the hypervelocity impact of a spherical projectile on a lattice structure. The simulations verify the open channels permitting fragment penetration, clarify the mechanisms linking fragment motion to target damage, and reveal the effects of lattices on the debris cloud generation, development, and morphology. Results indicate that pronounced channeling effect and insufficient target fragmentation lead to low energy absorption efficiency and the formation of highly threatening dominant debris jets, ultimately resulting in suboptimal shielding performance. The systematic analysis conducted in this study provides a corresponding reference for the subsequent research on lattice structures applied to space debris shielding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114953"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Local-Buckling-Only Steel Braces based on controlled bending of U-shaped steel","authors":"Emmanuel Nyabongo,&nbsp;Xiaohua Li,&nbsp;Ao Yang,&nbsp;Wang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a new concentric steel brace for earthquake-resistant building frames, called the Local-Buckling-Only Steel Brace (LBOB), based on the controlled bending of U-shaped steel. The LBOB comprises two U-shaped steel sections connected by low-yield-point (LYP) steel plates. Under tension, the steel brace develops nearly uniform axial deformation with stable stiffness. Under compression, the U-shaped sections buckle locally in a controlled manner while LYP plates restrain lateral displacements, suppressing out-of-plane/distortional instabilities and maintaining stable hysteretic response. Cyclic tests were conducted on four proof-of-concept specimens by varying U-shaped steel section depth, flange width, and LYP plate thickness. The test results showed that three specimens achieved the intended local-buckling-only mechanism with stable hysteresis and expected energy dissipation, while one specimen with reduced flange width developed in-plane buckling. Then, a numerical investigation was conducted to take insights into the resisting mechanism and validated against the experiments, reproducing the observed buckling modes and predicting strengths with relative errors ranging from 0.13% to 7.35%. Elastic stiffness predictions based on an effective yielding length showed good agreement with the measured values, with an average of 1.04. The effective compressive yield occurred within the range of 71 to 98% of the stable peak compressive resistance, which shows post-buckling strengthening and geometry sensitivity. The proposed brace design shows significant sensitivity to geometry and detailing, indicating that optimization of U-shaped steel sections and configuration of LYP plates is crucial to balance strength, stability, and energy dissipation for seismic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously programmable design of metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratios and nonlinear mechanical responses","authors":"Jiashuo Xu,&nbsp;Hequn Kang,&nbsp;Liang Gao,&nbsp;Mi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auxetic metamaterials exhibit promising applications in flexible electronics, medical devices and aerospace fields by virtue of their excellent fracture resistance, impact resistance and energy absorption capabilities. However, in practical applications, simultaneously and accurately controlling negative Poisson's ratios and nonlinear mechanical responses of auxetic metamaterials remains a significant challenge. To this end, this paper proposes a topology optimization method of auxetic metamaterials under large deformations to achieve simultaneously programmable design in terms of the above two kinds of mechanical behaviors. A hyperelastic material model based on strain energy interpolation is adopted to ensure numerical accuracy and stability during nonlinear topology optimization. A representative volume element, combined with periodic boundary conditions, is employed to simultaneously characterize multiple macroscopic mechanical behaviors of metamaterials under various deformation states. Then, a topology optimization model for programmable auxetic metamaterials under large deformations is constructed. A series of chiral and anti-chiral auxetic metamaterials is designed to achieve target combinations of negative Poisson's ratios and nonlinear mechanical responses. Subsequently, auxetic tubular structures are presented. The results indicate that the proposed method enables the simultaneous programmable design of auxetic metamaterials, thereby paving the way for customized metamaterial design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection performance of stiffener-enhanced steel-concrete composite sacrificial cladding with foamed geopolymer core subjected to impact loads","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Lv ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianyi Song","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel composite sacrificial cladding (CCES) for structural protection against impact loads is proposed, comprising a steel-concrete composite face panel enhanced with stiffeners (CFPES) and a foamed geopolymer (FG) core. First, to explore the protection performance of CCES, drop-weight impact experiments were conducted on integral back plates (IBP, considered as the protected structure) with or without CCES protection. The results show that incorporating CCES promotes a transition in the damage pattern of IBP from local indentation to overall flexural, reducing its central residual deflection by 34%. Subsequently, the effects of the face panel type, connection configuration, and stiffener spacing were further explored with the experimentally verified numerical model. For a fair comparison on an equivalent-mass basis, the proposed CFPES is numerically compared with conventional methods for improving the stiffness of sacrificial cladding panels, including increasing the thickness of the steel face panel and using composite face panels with different connection configurations (e.g., thickened steel plates, embedded reinforcement mesh, or bolted panels). The numerical results show that the proposed CFPES provides favorable protection performance with substantially reduced residual deflection. This is primarily attributed to the more pronounced stiffness enhancement achieved by the CFPES, in which the vertical stiffeners provide an effective mechanical connection between the upper and lower steel plates and simultaneously impose stronger confinement on the infilled concrete. As a result, localized deformation of CFPES is effectively suppressed, contributing to more uniform compression of the underlying FG core. Consequently, the numerical results demonstrate that CCES with CFPES exhibits more favorable protective performance in terms of damage extent, energy absorption, and load mitigation, particularly at a relatively high impact velocity of 15<!--> <!-->m/s. Additionally, by avoiding localized deformation of the top and bottom steel plates caused by excessively large stiffener spacing, while simultaneously preventing local buckling of stiffeners induced by overly small stiffener spacing, CFPES with a moderate stiffener spacing ratio (0.083-0.091) shows favorable protective performance. Specifically, the transmitted impact energy to the IBP and the maximum transmitted load are reduced by up to 74% and 30%, respectively, even at an impact velocity of 15<!--> <!-->m/s. These findings indicate that incorporating a high-stiffness CFPES is a promising strategy for enhancing the protective behavior of CCES, while also offering a useful reference for its future practical engineering application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 114963"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of FG-TPMS plates based on isogeometric analysis","authors":"Chenxu Chu ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Chong ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel methodology for the optimizing the material distribution of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface (FG-TPMS) plates. The approach integrates isogeometric analysis (IGA) with simple first-order shear deformation theory (S-FSDT) to accurately capture the mechanical behavior of FG-TPMS plates. A recently proposed adaptive multi-objective chaotic particle swarm optimization (MOACPSO) algorithm is employed to solve minimization problems with mixed constraints. This algorithm effectively enhances the balance between the local and global search abilities, consequently improving the accuracy and convergence speed of the solution. The material distribution is parametrically defined utilizing B-spline basis functions, with thickness direction control points serving as the design variables. The optimization objectives are established as maximizing the first natural frequency and the minimizing structural weight. Numerical examples of square, circle, quarter of a circular and snowflake plates illustrate the optimized material distributions of representative elite solutions and corresponding first form modes. These results collectively validate the feasibility of the proposed method for optimizing the material distribution of FG-TPMS plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning and multi-source authentic data-driven framework for accurate fatigue life prediction of welds in existing steel bridge decks","authors":"Haiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Fanghuai Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Luo ,&nbsp;Xinhui Xiao ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of inaccurate fatigue life prediction for welds in existing orthotropic steel bridge decks (OSBDs), which stems from incomplete information and insufficient model generalizability, this paper proposes a precise prediction framework that integrates multi-source authentic data and machine learning. Firstly, a U-Net model is employed to achieve automated identification and measurement of the OSBDs’ geometric parameters, resolving the issue of distorted resistance information. Secondly, based on wavelet analysis, strain data from bridge health monitoring is denoised and reconstructed, establishing an authentic stress time-history database. To tackle the scarcity of fatigue test data, a Gaussian Variational Bayesian Network- Attention (GVBN-Attention) prediction model is developed. This model enhances the identification of key features through a self-attention mechanism and quantifies parameter uncertainty using variational Bayesian inference. Experimental results on 192 sample sets demonstrate that the proposed GVBN-Attention model significantly outperforms comparative models, including Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs), on key metrics such as the coefficient of determination and root mean square error, exhibiting superior predictive accuracy and generalization capability. Furthermore, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)-based interpretability analysis reveals the influence mechanisms of input features like stress amplitude and deck plate thickness on fatigue life, validating the rationality of the model's decision-making. This study provides a new method for fatigue life assessment of steel deck welds under data-scarce conditions, characterized by high accuracy, interpretability, and uncertainty quantification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-impact topology optimization for 2D and shell-based structures based on velocity field level set method with response spectrum analysis","authors":"Ruijiao Liu,&nbsp;Yunlong Chen,&nbsp;Changhe Wang,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yaguang Wang,&nbsp;Zhan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2026.114506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-impact design is of significant importance in various areas, particularly in the naval equipment and architecture. Advanced structural optimization techniques can offer powerful and efficient tools to achieve innovative configurations with extraordinary performances. This paper proposes a velocity field level set topology optimization method for anti-impact structural design using the response spectrum analysis. A multi-objective optimization formulation combined with the structural compliance and the spectrum compliance is presented, which effectively balances load-bearing capacity and impact resistance enhancement. Here the response spectrum analysis is used to evaluate the anti-impact performances efficiently while avoiding the complexity and high cost of time-domain integration. In the sensitivity analysis, the optimization problem is reformulated into a self-adjoint form through modal superposition, which eliminates the need to solve additional adjoint equations and significantly reduces computational complexity. The optimization is performed in the velocity field level set framework, which allows using a general optimizer (such as the MMA algorithm) to handling constraints steadily and efficiently. Meanwhile, the clear and smooth boundary representation is combined with the body-fitted mesh technology, which enhances the accuracy of the mechanical response calculation and facilitate the manufacturability of the optimization results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}