{"title":"Mesoscopic simulation study on density gradient metallic foam sandwich panels under hypervelocity impact","authors":"Qunyi Tang , Qiguang He , Xiaowei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high stiffness of sandwich panel shield ensures the survival of satellites and spacecrafts, making them extensively utilized in practical aerospace engineering. Metallic foams are exceptionally appropriate for spacecraft debris shields owing to their light weight and superior energy absorption characteristics. The internal mesostructure of a metallic foam plays a crucial role in determining its protective performance. At the mesoscale, the density gradient metallic foam exhibits a greater potential for protection compared to uniform metallic foam under hypervelocity impact. Therefore, this study investigates the behavior of density-gradient foams under hypervelocity impact. By leveraging three-dimensional Voronoi tessellation in conjunction with the background mesh-mapping algorithm, this study constructed mesoscopic finite element models of the layered and continuous-density gradient metallic foam, considering the internal structure of randomness. Subsequently, the Finite Element-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) adaptive method in LS-DYNA was employed to conduct numerical simulations of the hypervelocity impact. First, the simulation was validated through a comparison with the experiment. Based on the results of the numerical simulations, the characteristics of the debris cloud and the damage within the foam were analyzed. It was determined that the protection mechanism of the density gradient foam sandwich panel under hypervelocity impact involved a coupling effect between the domino and microchannel effects. The different damage characteristics of layered density gradient foam sandwich panels were analyzed. According to this mechanism, foam sandwich panels with different density-gradient configurations were designed and their protective performances were compared to determine the optimal density-gradient configuration to provide valuable insights into the optimal design of protective structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 112762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Xu , Youquan Qin , Weifeng Zhang , Yingxiang Wu , Tainian Chen , Yunke Lu , Xiangyu Xu
{"title":"Experimental and numerical simulation of explosion resistance of composite structure of shallow-buried box steel structure and polyurethane elastomer supports under the action of ground explosion","authors":"Hang Xu , Youquan Qin , Weifeng Zhang , Yingxiang Wu , Tainian Chen , Yunke Lu , Xiangyu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The light weight of thin-walled steel structures and their ease of transport and installation have great advantages for protection works that need to be constructed quickly. With the improvement of weapon accuracy and destructive effects, there is an urgent need to improve the resistance of shallow buried steel protection works. However, according to the design concept of traditional protection structures relying on the strength of materials and structural rigidity to resist explosive load, the size of structural components will also increase, and the advantage of rapid construction is seriously reduced. In this study, a composite structure (hereinafter referred to as a composite structure) consisting of a polyurethane elastomer (PUE) set as supports underneath a box steel structure consisting of sandwich plates is proposed to improve the blast resistance of shallow buried box steel structures from ground explosions without increasing the size of the components. Explosive tests and numerical simulations were used to study the blast resistance of the composite structure and its blast resistance mechanism. Other factors affecting the blast resistance of the composite structure, such as the PUE stress-strain relationship and thickness and arrangement of the PUE supports, were also analyzed. The results show that the composite structure is able to generate overall motion and convert part of the explosive energy into kinetic energy of the overall motion of the structure, which is absorbed by the PUE support, thus reducing the structural load and internal force while decreasing deformation and improving the blast resistance performance. While the PUE stress-strain relationship and arrangement of the composite structure have a significant impact on the enhancement of blast resistance, the influence of the thickness of the PUE support is small.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 112751"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihao Xie , Xinqiang Fu , Qin Zhang , Lulu Liu , Xinying Zhu , Yi Ren , Wei Chen
{"title":"Ballistic performance of additive manufacturing metal lattice structures","authors":"Zhihao Xie , Xinqiang Fu , Qin Zhang , Lulu Liu , Xinying Zhu , Yi Ren , Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the purpose of elucidating the destruction and energy absorption mechanisms of lattice structures during ballistic impacts, this study explored the behavior of two additively manufactured metal lattice structures (BCC and BCCZ) under quasi-static/dynamic compression and ballistic impact through experiments and numerical simulations. Both structures exhibited typical stress-strain behaviors during quasi-static compression, with stress plateauing after reaching yield strength and then sharply declining upon failure. The vertical struts in the BCCZ structure resulted in higher yield strength but lower normalized failure strain compared to the BCC structure, especially at higher strain rates. The ballistic limit of the BCC lattice sandwich target plate at 199 m/s and that of the BCCZ lattice sandwich target plate at 195 m/s. At an impact velocity of 207 m/s, the energy absorbed by the BCC lattice structure itself (498 J) was marginally lower than that absorbed by the BCCZ structure (505 J). The BCC structure, characterized by lower stiffness and yield strength but a larger failure strain, absorbed energy primarily through greater deformation during impact. In contrast, the BCCZ structure, with a smaller failure strain, depended on its higher stiffness and yield strength for energy absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 112763"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"General analytical solution for stress intensity factors of two asymmetrical radial cracks emanating from a single hole in an infinite isotropic plate","authors":"Shengfan Bi, Yong Huang, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin-walled perforated structures are widely used in modern industry, where cracks may emanate from the hole edges due to structural loads and manufacturing processes, potentially reducing the reliability of the structure. This paper presents a general solution for stress intensity factors (SIFs) of two asymmetrical radial cracks emanating from a single hole in an infinite isotropic plate, utilizing complex variable theory. Hole shapes, including quasi-square, parabolic, and pentagonal, etc., are considered as instances, and SIFs at crack tips and stress distributions around the hole edge are provided. The analytical solutions are compared with existing literature and finite element method (FEM) results, which confirm the reliability. Under uniaxial tension or pure shear, for quasi-square, parabolic, and pentagonal shapes with equal crack lengths <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, the maximum stress occurs near the geometric vertices. As the crack length increases, the influence of the hole shape diminishes, causing SIF values to approach those of a Griffith crack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 112759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflation of a toroidal membrane within a fluid-filled elastic spherical enclosure","authors":"Satyajit Sahu, Soham Roychowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research investigates the growth based inflation model of an inflated toroidal membrane within a fluid-filled environment enclosed by an elastic spherical cavity. This problem statement resembles the growth of toroidal vesicle membranes within biological cells. The toroidal membrane is described by hyperelastic Mooney–Rivlin model with meridional anisotropy. The rise in internal gauge pressure of the torus causes the surrounding incompressible fluid to exert a distributed radial force on the surface of the elastic sphere, resulting in its deformation. With a subsequent gradual increase in gauge pressure, a contact is initiated as the torus indents onto the inner surface of the elastic sphere. The contact condition is assumed to be frictionless, and a variational formulation is adopted for solving the contact problem. The maximum indentation as well as the generated contact stress are found to be higher with a lesser stiffness of the elastic spherical enclosure. As the contact patch grows, the phenomenon of membrane thinning is predominantly observed at the inner equator of the torus. The growth of the contact boundary varies linearly with increasing torus gauge pressure, but non-linearly with the fluid pressure within the spherical enclosure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112729"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianle Li , Renhao Wu , Man Jae SaGong , Zaigham Saeed Toor , Hyoung Seop Kim
{"title":"Diffusion bonding of TC4/TB8 titanium alloys with an interlayer by regulating temperature: Microstructure and mechanical performance","authors":"Tianle Li , Renhao Wu , Man Jae SaGong , Zaigham Saeed Toor , Hyoung Seop Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diffusion bonding of α+β type TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and metastable β type TB8 (Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si) alloys with interlayer addition was systematically investigated by regulating temperature, revealing the discrepancies in interfacial microstructure and mechanical performance of the joints. Microstructural evolution at the TC4/Ti interfaces and TB8/Ti interfaces can be attributed to atomic interdiffusion and α/β transformation depending on temperature. Additionally, 7 of the 12 α variants that comply with the Burgers orientation relationship with β parents at the transitional layer are identified. The elongation of the bonded samples upon the tensile direction perpendicular to the interfaces becomes decreased compared to that of samples subjected to the tensile direction parallel to the interfaces. The dislocation characteristics and fracture models are analyzed after plastic deformation. This study indicates that a two-step method (first high-temperature and short-duration, then low-temperature and long-duration) can optimize the microstructure and mechanical performance of joints for Ti alloys exposed to high temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 112760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First-order GBT for tapered regular convex polygonal tubes","authors":"Rodrigo Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an accurate and efficient first-order Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) for linearly tapered regular convex polygonal tubes, such as those widely employed in the construction industry. Even though tapered members require a significantly involved formulation, it is shown that it is possible to enforce the standard GBT assumptions exactly, without additional simplifications, a key aspect that (i) is essential for the accuracy and computational performance of the formulation and (ii) allows identifying the deformed configurations pertaining to inextensible deformation. Consequently, very accurate solutions are achieved even for complex cases, such as tubes with a high taper angle and undergoing localized deformation. The GBT deformation modes for the prismatic case are directly used, meaning that the proposed approach for tapered tubes does not require a specific GBT cross-section analysis procedure. All expressions are presented in a straightforward vector–matrix format, for implementation purposes. The excellent performance of the resulting displacement-based beam finite element and the advantages of the GBT modal decomposition features are highlighted through several numerical examples, where results obtained with refined shell finite element models are used for comparison purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112735"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sun-Hang Ji , Wen-Da Wang , Yan-Li Shi , Long Zheng
{"title":"Residual compressive behaviour and CFRP strengthening of SRCFST columns after combined damage of fire and lateral impact","authors":"Sun-Hang Ji , Wen-Da Wang , Yan-Li Shi , Long Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite structure may be subjected to impact and fire during its service life, and the damaged member face challenges in the performance evaluation and strengthening. This study conducted an experimental and numerical investigation into the residual compressive behaviour of steel-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (SRCFST) columns after combined damage of fire and lateral impact. Thirteen damaged specimens under axial loading were tested, with three specimens strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The failure modes of specimens, residual compressive capacity, deflection distribution, and strain development were discussed. The finite element analysis model on the residual compressive behaviour of damaged SRCFST columns was then developed and calibrated. The full-range analysis on the residual performance of damaged columns was carried out, included the temperature development, distribution of axial load and bending moment, degradation mechanism of bearing capacity, stress development, and effects of fire exposure time. The parameter study was finally conducted to investigate the effects of various factors on the residual compressive performance of damaged SRCFST columns. The results indicated that increasing the fire exposure time and impact height reduces visibly the residual compressive capacity of damaged specimens. As the two damages accumulate, the axial load of each component gradually reduces, while the axial compressive capacity proportion redistributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxin Wang , Fangduo Xiao , Hang Zhou , Shikun Chen , Zhen Wang , Yi Liu , Dongming Yan
{"title":"Study on the blast mitigation behavior of metakaolin-based foam geopolymer (MKFG) as tunnel cushioning layer against external blasts","authors":"Wenxin Wang , Fangduo Xiao , Hang Zhou , Shikun Chen , Zhen Wang , Yi Liu , Dongming Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the similarity model contact blast test and numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the protective behavior of tunnels with a metakaolin-based foam geopolymer (MKFG) cushioning layer under blast impacts. In contact blast test, Rock-Foam Geopolymer-Concrete Tunnel (RFGCT) structures with various densities (400, 600 and 800 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) of MKFG were tested against a blast impact of 100 g TNT. In numerical simulations, several parameters covering TNT equivalent as well as density and thickness of cushioning cladding, were comprehensively discussed. Test results show that the attenuation rate of cushioning cladding to the blast wave is enhanced from 34.7 % to 71.0 % with the reduction of the density of MKFG from 800 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 400 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Meanwhile, the reflected tensile wave generated by blast wave falls from 1.85 MPa to 0.66 MPa. When the density of MKFG exceeds 600 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the cladding exists obvious defects in energy absorption at the bottom of mid-span and free end, which gradually disappear as the TNT equivalent and cushioning thickness increases. Increasing thickness of the MKFG-400 can lead to excessive overall displacement of the tunnel lining. Full-size uncertainty analysis shows that at TNT equivalents of 2000 kg, the thickness of MKFG-800 as cushion is recommended to be 2–3 times that of the lining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Li , Aisha Yang , Yuting Liu , Yu Gao , Jianfeng Zhou , Yan Dong , Shu Zhu
{"title":"Analysis of warping defect formation mechanisms in hot molding of CF/PEEK thin-wall structures and their influence on mechanical properties","authors":"Yue Li , Aisha Yang , Yuting Liu , Yu Gao , Jianfeng Zhou , Yan Dong , Shu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tws.2024.112740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hot molding of carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone composites (CF/PEEK) thin-wall structures employs high cooling rates, which cause uneven material shrinkage across different parts and pronounced warping defects. This study fabricated CF/PEEK thin-wall laminates with a thickness of 1.2 mm through die-pressing technology and analyzed the effects of various cooling processes on plate warping. In addition, the study elucidated the formation mechanism of warping defects in CF/PEEK thin-wall structures and plotted a cooling rate curve to determine a strategy for effectively mitigating such defects. Notably, CF/PEEK hot molding warping involves an asynchronous contraction of molecular chains of crystalline polymers, leading to thermal residual stress. This study also investigated the effects of warpage on bending properties and stability. When warpage ranged from 10 to 15 mm, the maximum bending strength deviation along the plane was approximately 150 MPa, indicating that excessive warping substantially reduces bending strength. Moreover, laminates with minor warpage differences exhibited consistent performance stability. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for enhancing the forming quality of CF/PEEK, thereby promoting their application in advanced equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49435,"journal":{"name":"Thin-Walled Structures","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 112740"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}