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Can stimulants make you smarter, despite stealing your sleep? 兴奋剂能让人更聪明吗？
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.007
Lauren N. Whitehurst, Allison B. Morehouse, S. Mednick
{"title":"Can stimulants make you smarter, despite stealing your sleep?","authors":"Lauren N. Whitehurst, Allison B. Morehouse, S. Mednick","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Signal switching may enhance processing power of the brain 信号切换可增强大脑的处理能力
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.008
Jennifer M Groh, Meredith N. Schmehl, V. Caruso, S. Tokdar
{"title":"Signal switching may enhance processing power of the brain","authors":"Jennifer M Groh, Meredith N. Schmehl, V. Caruso, S. Tokdar","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behavioral science should start by assuming people are reasonable 行为科学应从假设人们是通情达理的开始
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.010
Jens Koed Madsen, Lee de-Wit, Peter Ayton, Cameron Brick, Laura de-Moliere, Carla J. Groom
{"title":"Behavioral science should start by assuming people are reasonable","authors":"Jens Koed Madsen, Lee de-Wit, Peter Ayton, Cameron Brick, Laura de-Moliere, Carla J. Groom","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond learnability: understanding human visual development with DNNs. 超越可学性：用 DNN 理解人类视觉发展。
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.002
Lei Yuan
{"title":"Beyond learnability: understanding human visual development with DNNs.","authors":"Lei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, Orhan and Lake demonstrated the computational plausibility that children can acquire sophisticated visual representations from natural input data without inherent biases, challenging the need for innate constraints in human learning. The findings may also reveal crucial properties of early visual learning and inform theories of human visual development.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simplifying social learning. 简化社会学习。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.004
Leor M Hackel, David A Kalkstein, Peter Mende-Siedlecki
{"title":"Simplifying social learning.","authors":"Leor M Hackel, David A Kalkstein, Peter Mende-Siedlecki","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social learning is complex, but people often seem to navigate social environments with ease. This ability creates a puzzle for traditional accounts of reinforcement learning (RL) that assume people negotiate a tradeoff between easy-but-simple behavior (model-free learning) and complex-but-difficult behavior (e.g., model-based learning). We offer a theoretical framework for resolving this puzzle: although social environments are complex, people have social expertise that helps them behave flexibly with low cognitive cost. Specifically, by using familiar concepts instead of focusing on novel details, people can turn hard learning problems into simpler ones. This ability highlights social learning as a prototype for studying cognitive simplicity in the face of environmental complexity and identifies a role for conceptual knowledge in everyday reward learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond. 人类及其他生物的意识测试
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010
Tim Bayne, Anil K Seth, Marcello Massimini, Joshua Shepherd, Axel Cleeremans, Stephen M Fleming, Rafael Malach, Jason B Mattingley, David K Menon, Adrian M Owen, Megan A K Peters, Adeel Razi, Liad Mudrik
{"title":"Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond.","authors":"Tim Bayne, Anil K Seth, Marcello Massimini, Joshua Shepherd, Axel Cleeremans, Stephen M Fleming, Rafael Malach, Jason B Mattingley, David K Menon, Adrian M Owen, Megan A K Peters, Adeel Razi, Liad Mudrik","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness ('C-tests') are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Curiosity and the dynamics of optimal exploration. 好奇心和最佳探索的动力。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.001
Francesco Poli, Jill X O'Reilly, Rogier B Mars, Sabine Hunnius
{"title":"Curiosity and the dynamics of optimal exploration.","authors":"Francesco Poli, Jill X O'Reilly, Rogier B Mars, Sabine Hunnius","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What drives our curiosity remains an elusive and hotly debated issue, with multiple hypotheses proposed but a cohesive account yet to be established. This review discusses traditional and emergent theories that frame curiosity as a desire to know and a drive to learn, respectively. We adopt a model-based approach that maps the temporal dynamics of various factors underlying curiosity-based exploration, such as uncertainty, information gain, and learning progress. In so doing, we identify the limitations of past theories and posit an integrated account that harnesses their strengths in describing curiosity as a tool for optimal environmental exploration. In our unified account, curiosity serves as a 'common currency' for exploration, which must be balanced with other drives such as safety and hunger to achieve efficient action.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From task structures to world models: what do LLMs know? 从任务结构到世界模型：法学硕士知道什么？
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.008
Ilker Yildirim, L A Paul
{"title":"From task structures to world models: what do LLMs know?","authors":"Ilker Yildirim, L A Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In what sense does a large language model (LLM) have knowledge? We answer by granting LLMs 'instrumental knowledge': knowledge gained by using next-word generation as an instrument. We then ask how instrumental knowledge is related to the ordinary, 'worldly knowledge' exhibited by humans, and explore this question in terms of the degree to which instrumental knowledge can be said to incorporate the structured world models of cognitive science. We discuss ways LLMs could recover degrees of worldly knowledge and suggest that such recovery will be governed by an implicit, resource-rational tradeoff between world models and tasks. Our answer to this question extends beyond the capabilities of a particular AI system and challenges assumptions about the nature of knowledge and intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Failures to launch preclude response inhibition. 发射失败排除了反应抑制。
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.001
Corey G Wadsley, Ian Greenhouse
{"title":"Failures to launch preclude response inhibition.","authors":"Corey G Wadsley, Ian Greenhouse","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural analyses of response inhibition rely on separating trials with and without a behavioral response. Can researchers be sure the absence of a behavioral outcome equates to the presence of inhibitory control? We emphasize advancing response inhibition research by utilizing peripheral measures of response progress to define behavioral stopping contrasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes. 幻觉症和过度幻觉症：探索意象生动性的极端。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.007
Adam Zeman
{"title":"Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes.","authors":"Adam Zeman","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vividness of imagery varies between individuals. However, the existence of people in whom conscious, wakeful imagery is markedly reduced, or absent entirely, was neglected by psychology until the recent coinage of 'aphantasia' to describe this phenomenon. 'Hyperphantasia' denotes the converse - imagery whose vividness rivals perceptual experience. Around 1% and 3% of the population experience extreme aphantasia and hyperphantasia, respectively. Aphantasia runs in families, often affects imagery across several sense modalities, and is variably associated with reduced autobiographical memory, face recognition difficulty, and autism. Visual dreaming is often preserved. Subtypes of extreme imagery appear to be likely but are not yet well defined. Initial results suggest that alterations in connectivity between the frontoparietal and visual networks may provide the neural substrate for visual imagery extremes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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