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Computational role of structure in neural activity and connectivity. 结构在神经活动和连接中的计算作用
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.003
Srdjan Ostojic, Stefano Fusi
{"title":"Computational role of structure in neural activity and connectivity.","authors":"Srdjan Ostojic, Stefano Fusi","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One major challenge of neuroscience is identifying structure in seemingly disorganized neural activity. Different types of structure have different computational implications that can help neuroscientists understand the functional role of a particular brain area. Here, we outline a unified approach to characterize structure by inspecting the representational geometry and the modularity properties of the recorded activity and show that a similar approach can also reveal structure in connectivity. We start by setting up a general framework for determining geometry and modularity in activity and connectivity and relating these properties with computations performed by the network. We then use this framework to review the types of structure found in recent studies of model networks performing three classes of computations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thalamocortical architectures for flexible cognition and efficient learning 用于灵活认知和高效学习的丘脑皮层结构
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.006
Daniel N. Scott, Arghya Mukherjee, Matthew R. Nassar, Michael M. Halassa
{"title":"Thalamocortical architectures for flexible cognition and efficient learning","authors":"Daniel N. Scott, Arghya Mukherjee, Matthew R. Nassar, Michael M. Halassa","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Thermodynamics of Mind. 心灵的热力学
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.009
Morten L Kringelbach, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Gustavo Deco
{"title":"The Thermodynamics of Mind.","authors":"Morten L Kringelbach, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Gustavo Deco","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To not only survive, but also thrive, the brain must efficiently orchestrate distributed computation across space and time. This requires hierarchical organisation facilitating fast information transfer and processing at the lowest possible metabolic cost. Quantifying brain hierarchy is difficult but can be estimated from the asymmetry of information flow. Thermodynamics has successfully characterised hierarchy in many other complex systems. Here, we propose the 'Thermodynamics of Mind' framework as a natural way to quantify hierarchical brain orchestration and its underlying mechanisms. This has already provided novel insights into the orchestration of hierarchy in brain states including movie watching, where the hierarchy of the brain is flatter than during rest. Overall, this framework holds great promise for revealing the orchestration of cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The pattern theory of compassion. 同情模式理论
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.005
Shaun Gallagher, Antonino Raffone, Salvatore M Aglioti
{"title":"The pattern theory of compassion.","authors":"Shaun Gallagher, Antonino Raffone, Salvatore M Aglioti","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concepts of empathy, sympathy and compassion are often confused in a variety of literatures. This article proposes a pattern-theoretic approach to distinguishing compassion from empathy and sympathy. Drawing on psychology, Western philosophy, affective neuroscience, and contemplative science, we clarify the nature of compassion as a specific pattern of dynamically related factors that include physiological, cognitive, and affective processes, relational/intersubjective processes, and motivational/action tendencies. We also show that the dynamic nature of the compassion pattern is reflected in neuroscientific findings, as well as in compassion practice. The pattern theory of compassion allows us to make several clear distinctions between compassion, empathy, and sympathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The computational structure of consummatory anhedonia. 消耗性厌食症的计算结构。
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.006
Anna F Hall, Michael Browning, Quentin J M Huys
{"title":"The computational structure of consummatory anhedonia.","authors":"Anna F Hall, Michael Browning, Quentin J M Huys","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anhedonia is a reduction in enjoyment, motivation, or interest. It is common across mental health disorders and a harbinger of poor treatment outcomes. The enjoyment aspect, termed 'consummatory anhedonia', in particular poses fundamental questions about how the brain constructs rewards: what processes determine how intensely a reward is experienced? Here, we outline limitations of existing computational conceptualisations of consummatory anhedonia. We then suggest a richer reinforcement learning (RL) account of consummatory anhedonia with a reconceptualisation of subjective hedonic experience in terms of goal progress. This accounts qualitatively for the impact of stress, dysfunctional cognitions, and maladaptive beliefs on hedonic experience. The model also offers new views on the treatments for anhedonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can adolescents be game changers for 21st-century societal challenges? 青少年能否改变游戏规则，应对 21 世纪的社会挑战？
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.006
Eveline A Crone, Suzanne van de Groep, Lysanne W Te Brinke
{"title":"Can adolescents be game changers for 21st-century societal challenges?","authors":"Eveline A Crone, Suzanne van de Groep, Lysanne W Te Brinke","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents growing up in the 21st century face novel challenges that affect today's adolescents differently compared with previous generations. Adolescents' prosocial values and social engagement can contribute in unique ways to combatting societal challenges. Participatory research provides tools to transform adolescents' prosocial motivations into drivers for societal change.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detecting deception with artificial intelligence: promises and perils. 用人工智能检测欺骗：承诺与危险。
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.002
Kristina Suchotzki, Matthias Gamer
{"title":"Detecting deception with artificial intelligence: promises and perils.","authors":"Kristina Suchotzki, Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have driven interest in its potential application for lie detection. Unfortunately, the current approaches have primarily focused on technical aspects at the expense of a solid methodological and theoretical foundation. We discuss the implications thereof and offer recommendations for the development and regulation of AI-based deception detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dissociating language and thought in large language models. 在大型语言模型中分离语言和思维。
IF 16.7 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.011
Kyle Mahowald, Anna A Ivanova, Idan A Blank, Nancy Kanwisher, Joshua B Tenenbaum, Evelina Fedorenko
{"title":"Dissociating language and thought in large language models.","authors":"Kyle Mahowald, Anna A Ivanova, Idan A Blank, Nancy Kanwisher, Joshua B Tenenbaum, Evelina Fedorenko","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large language models (LLMs) have come closest among all models to date to mastering human language, yet opinions about their linguistic and cognitive capabilities remain split. Here, we evaluate LLMs using a distinction between formal linguistic competence (knowledge of linguistic rules and patterns) and functional linguistic competence (understanding and using language in the world). We ground this distinction in human neuroscience, which has shown that formal and functional competence rely on different neural mechanisms. Although LLMs are surprisingly good at formal competence, their performance on functional competence tasks remains spotty and often requires specialized fine-tuning and/or coupling with external modules. We posit that models that use language in human-like ways would need to master both of these competence types, which, in turn, could require the emergence of separate mechanisms specialized for formal versus functional linguistic competence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Common and distinct neural mechanisms of attention. 注意力的共同和独特神经机制
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.005
Ruobing Xia, Xiaomo Chen, Tatiana A Engel, Tirin Moore
{"title":"Common and distinct neural mechanisms of attention.","authors":"Ruobing Xia, Xiaomo Chen, Tatiana A Engel, Tirin Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite a constant deluge of sensory stimulation, only a fraction of it is used to guide behavior. This selective processing is generally referred to as attention, and much research has focused on the neural mechanisms controlling it. Recently, research has broadened to include more ways by which different species selectively process sensory information, whether due to the sensory input itself or to different behavioral and brain states. This work has produced a complex and disjointed body of evidence across different species and forms of attention. However, it has also provided opportunities to better understand the breadth of attentional mechanisms. Here, we summarize the evidence that suggests that different forms of selective processing are supported by mechanisms both common and distinct.</p>","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11153008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking interpersonal judgments: dopamine antagonists impact attributional dynamics 重新思考人际判断：多巴胺拮抗剂对归因动态的影响
IF 19.9 1区 心理学
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.008
A. Diaconescu, P. Karvelis, D. Hauke
{"title":"Rethinking interpersonal judgments: dopamine antagonists impact attributional dynamics","authors":"A. Diaconescu, P. Karvelis, D. Hauke","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49417,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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