Ultrasonic Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Demonstration Study of Reflector-Based Volumetric Speed-of-Sound Imaging With Linear Ultrasound Arrays","authors":"Xiaoyi Jiang, Kexin Gan, Yuxin Wang, Chao Tao, Xiaojun Liu, Jie Yuan, Zhibin Jin","doi":"10.1177/01617346241246807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01617346241246807","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional B-mode ultrasound imaging has difficulty in delineating homogeneous soft tissues with similar acoustic impedances, as the reflectivity depends on the acoustic impedance at the interface. As a quantitative imaging biomarker sensitive to alteration of biomechanical properties, speed-of-sound (SoS) holds promising potential for tissue and disease differentiation such as delineation of different breast tissue types with similar acoustic impedance. Compared to two-dimensional (2D) SoS images, three-dimensional (3D) volumetric SoS images achieved through a full-angle ultrasound scan can reveal more intricate morphological structures of tissues; however, they generally require a ring transducer. In this study, we introduce a 3D SoS reconstruction system that utilizes hand-held linear arrays instead. This system employs a passive reflector positioned opposite the linear arrays, serving as an echogenic reference for time-of-flight (ToF) measurements, and a high-definition camera to track the location corresponding to each group of transmit-receive data. To merge these two streams of ToF measurements and location tracking, a voxel-based reconstruction algorithm is implemented. Experimental results with gelatin phantom and ex vivo tissue have demonstrated the stability of our proposed method. Moreover, the results underscore the potential of this system as a complementary diagnostic modality, particularly in the context of diseases such as breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Transit Time Assessment by CEUS in Healthy Rabbits: Feasibility, and the Effects of UCAs Dilution Concentration","authors":"Song Kang, Jianfeng Chen, He Zhang, Guangyin Li, Yingying Liu, Xue Mei, Binyang Zhu, Xin Ai, Shuangquan Jiang","doi":"10.1177/01617346241246169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01617346241246169","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the inter-observer variability and the intra-observer repeatability of pulmonary transit time (PTT) measurement using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in healthy rabbits, and assess the effects of dilution concentration of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) on PTT. Thirteen healthy rabbits were selected, and five concentrations UCAs of 1:200, 1:100, 1:50, 1:10, and 1:1 were injected into the right ear vein. Five digital loops were obtained from the apical 4-chamber view. Four sonographers obtained PTT by plotting the TIC of right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) at two time points (T1 and T2). The frame counts of the first appearance of UCAs in RA and LA had excellent inter-observer agreement, with intra-class correlations (ICC) of 0.996, 0.988, respectively. The agreement of PTT among four observers was all good at five different concentrations, with an ICC of 0.758–0.873. The reproducibility of PTT obtained by four observers at T1 and T2 was performed well, with ICC of 0.888–0.961. The median inter-observer variability across 13 rabbits was 6.5% and the median variability within 14 days for 4 observers was 1.9%, 1.7%, 2.2%, 1.9%, respectively; The PTT of 13 healthy rabbits is 1.01 ± 0.18 second. The difference of PTT between five concentrations is statistically significant. The PTT obtained by a concentration of 1:200 and 1:100 were higher than that of 1:1, while there were no significantly differences in PTT of a concentration of 1:1, 1:10, and 1:50. PTT measured by CEUS in rabbits is feasible, with excellent inter-observer and intra-observer reliability and reproducibility, and dilution concentration of UCAs influences PTT results.","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMU-Assisted Manual 3D-Ultrasound Imaging Using Motion-Constrained Swept-Fan Scans","authors":"Aparna Harindranath, Komal Shah, Dhinagaran Devadass, Arun George, Kajoli Banerjee Krishnan, Manish Arora","doi":"10.1177/01617346241242718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01617346241242718","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic imaging can enable post-facto plane of interest selection. It can be performed with devices such as wobbler probes, matrix probes, and sensor-based probes. Ultrasound systems that support 3D-imaging are expensive with added hardware complexity compared to 2D-imaging systems. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) can potentially be used for 3D-imaging by using it to track the motion of a one-dimensional array probe and constraining its motion in one degree of freedom (1-DoF) rotation (swept-fan). This work demonstrates the feasibility of an affordable IMU-assisted manual 3D-ultrasound scanner (IAM3US). A consumer-grade IMU-assisted 3D scanner prototype is designed with two support structures for swept-fan. After proper IMU calibration, an appropriate KF-based algorithm estimates the probe orientation during the swept-fan. An improved scanline-based reconstruction method is used for volume reconstruction. The evaluation of the IAM3US system is done by imaging a tennis ball filled with water and the head region of a fetal phantom. From fetal phantom reconstructed volumes, suitable 2D planes are extracted for biparietal diameter (BPD) manual measurements. Later, in-vivo data is collected. The novel contributions of this paper are (1) the application of a recently proposed algorithm for orientation estimation of swept-fan for 3D imaging, chosen based on the noise characteristics of selected consumer grade IMU (2) assessment of the quality of the 1-DoF swept-fan scan with a deflection detector along with monitoring of maximum angular rate during the scan and (3) two probe holder designs to aid the operator in performing the 1-DoF rotational motion and (4) end-to-end 3D-imaging system-integration. Phantom studies and preliminary in-vivo obstetric scans performed on two patients illustrate the usability of the system for diagnosis purposes.","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model Combining Conventional Ultrasound Characteristics, Strain Elastography and Clinicopathological Features to Predict Ki-67 Expression in Small Breast Cancer.","authors":"Xuesha Xing, Huanhuan Miao, Hong Wang, Jiawei Sun, Chengwei Wu, Yichun Wang, Xianli Zhou, Hongbo Wang","doi":"10.1177/01617346231218933","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346231218933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To establish a predictive model incorporating conventional ultrasound, strain elastography and clinicopathological features for Ki-67 expression in small breast cancer (SBC) which defined as maximum diameter less than2 cm. In this retrospective study, 165 SBC patients from our hospital were allocated to a high Ki-67 group (<i>n</i> = 104) and a low Ki-67 group (<i>n</i> = 61). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent indicators for developing predictive models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was also determined to establish the diagnostic performance of different predictive models. The corresponding sensitivities and specificities of different models at the cutoff value were compared. Conventional ultrasound parameters (spiculated margin, absence of posterior shadowing and Adler grade 2-3), strain elastic scores and clinicopathological information (HER2 positive) were significantly correlated with high expression of Ki-67 in SBC (all <i>p</i> < .05). Model 2, which incorporated conventional ultrasound features and strain elastic scores, yielded good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.774) with better sensitivity than model 1, which only incorporated ultrasound characteristics (78.85%vs. 55.77%, <i>p</i> = .000), with specificities of 77.05% and 62.30% (<i>p</i> = .035), respectively. Model 3, which incorporated conventional ultrasound, strain elastography and clinicopathological features, yielded better performance (AUC = 0.853) than model 1 (AUC = 0.694) and model 2 (AUC = 0.774), and the specificity was higher than model 1 (86.89% vs. 77.05%, <i>p</i> = .001). The predictive model combining conventional ultrasound, strain elastic scores and clinicopathological features could improve the predictive performance of Ki-67 expression in SBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Mixing Iodinated Contrast Media and Ultrasound Contrast Agents on Subharmonic Signals.","authors":"Cara Esposito, Kenneth Tzan, Priscilla Machado, Flemming Forsberg, Jaydev K Dave","doi":"10.1177/01617346241227971","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346241227971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subharmonic aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) is a technique that utilizes subharmonic signals from microbubble contrast agents for pressure estimation. Validation of the SHAPE technique relies on synchronous measurements of <i>in vivo</i> pressures using contrast microbubbles and a pressure catheter (reference standard). For the guidance and placement of pressure catheter <i>in vivo</i>, iodinated contrast is used with fluoroscopy. Therefore, during data acquisition for validation studies of the SHAPE technique, both contrast microbubbles and iodinated contrast are present simultaneously within the vasculature. This study aims to elucidate the effects of iodinated contrast (Visipaque, GE HealthCare) on subharmonic signal amplitude from contrast microbubbles (Definity, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc.). In an acrylic water tank, 0.06 mL of Definity and varied amounts of Visipaque (0.14, 0.43, 0.85, and 1.70 mL) were added to 425 mL of deionized water. Ultrasound scanning was performed with a SonixTablet scanner (BK Medical Systems) using optimized parameters for SHAPE with Definity (<i>f</i>_{transmit/receive} = 3.0/1.5 MHz; chirp down pulse). Subharmonic data was acquired and analyzed at 9 different incident acoustic outputs (<i>n</i> = 3). Results showed an increase in subharmonic signal amplitude from Definity microbubbles in the presence of 0.14 mL Visipaque by 2.8 ± 1.3 dB (<i>p</i> < .001), no change with 0.85 mL Visipaque (0.7 ± 1.2 dB; <i>p</i> = .09) and a decrease in subharmonic amplitude in the presence of 1.70 mL Visipaque by 1.9 ± 0.7 dB (<i>p</i> < .001). While statistically significant effect on subharmonic signal amplitude of Definity microbubbles was noted due to the mixture, the magnitude of the effect was minimal (~2.8 dB) and unlikely to impact <i>in vivo</i> SHAPE measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"130-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric B-mode ultrasound and Doppler Imaging: Automatic Tracking With One Single Camera.","authors":"Xiaoli Ma, Enxiang Shen, Jie Yuan, Li Gong, Wentao Kong, Zhibin Jin, Chao Tao, Xiaojun Liu","doi":"10.1177/01617346231213385","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346231213385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular diseases may occur in the upper extremities, and the lesions can span the entire length of the blood vessel. One of the most popular methods to identify vascular disorders is ultrasound Doppler imaging. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound Doppler imaging cannot capture the entire length of a long vessel in one image. Medical professionals often have to painstakingly reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) data using 2D ultrasound images to locate the lesions, especially for large blood vessels. 3D ultrasound Doppler imaging can display the morphological structure of blood vessels and the distribution of lesions more directly, providing a more comprehensive view compared to 2D imaging. In this work, we propose a wide-range 3D volumetric ultrasound Doppler imaging system with dual modality, in which a high-definition camera is adopted to automatically track the movement of the ultrasound transducer, simultaneously capturing a corresponding sequence of 2D ultrasound Doppler images. We conducted experiments on human arms using our proposed system and separately with X-ray computerized tomography (X-CT). The comparison results prove the potential value of our proposed system in the diagnosis of arm vascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Based Radiomics for the Classification of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis in Children.","authors":"Jie Chen, Zeying Wen, Xiaoqing Yang, Jie Jia, Xiaodong Zhang, Linping Pian, Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1177/01617346231220000","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346231220000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is one of the most common kidney diseases in children. The current diagnosis and classification of HSPN depend on pathological biopsy, which is seriously limited by its invasive and high-risk nature. The aim of the study was to explore the potential of radiomics model for evaluating the histopathological classification of HSPN based on the ultrasound (US) images. A total of 440 patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis proved by biopsy were analyzed retrospectively. They were grouped according to two histopathological categories: those without glomerular crescent formation (ISKDC grades I-II) and those with glomerular crescent formation (ISKDC grades III-V). The patients were randomly assigned to either a training cohort (<i>n</i> = 308) or a validation cohort (<i>n</i> = 132) with a ratio of 7:3. The sonologist manually drew the regions of interest (ROI) on the ultrasound images of the right kidney including the cortex and medulla. Then, the ultrasound radiomics features were extracted using the Pyradiomics package. The dimensions of radiomics features were reduced by Spearman correlation coefficients and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Finally, three radiomics models using k-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM) were established, respectively. The predictive performance of such classifiers was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. 105 radiomics features were extracted from derived US images of each patient and 14 features were ultimately selected for the machine learning analysis. Three machine learning models including k-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM) were established for HSPN classification. Of the three classifiers, the SVM classifier performed the best in the validation cohort [area under the curve (AUC) =0.870 (95% CI, 0.795-0.944), sensitivity = 0.706, specificity = 0.950]. The US-based radiomics had good predictive value for HSPN classification, which can be served as a noninvasive tool to evaluate the severity of renal pathology and crescentic formation in children with HSPN.</p>","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138886449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"A Data-Driven Approach for Estimating Temperature Variations Based on B-mode Ultrasound Images and Changes in Backscattered Energy\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01617346231225016","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346231225016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral-based Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Processing Techniques: Comparisons of RF Versus IQ Approaches.","authors":"Mingrui Liu, Zhengchang Kou, Yuning Zhao, James W Wiskin, Gregory J Czarnota, Michael L Oelze","doi":"10.1177/01617346231226224","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346231226224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is an imaging technique which includes spectral-based parameterization. Typical spectral-based parameters include the backscatter coefficient (BSC) and attenuation coefficient slope (ACS). Traditionally, spectral-based QUS relies on the radio frequency (RF) signal to calculate the spectral-based parameters. Many clinical and research scanners only provide the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) signal. To acquire the RF data, the common approach is to convert IQ signal back into RF signal via mixing with a carrier frequency. In this study, we hypothesize that the performance, that is, accuracy and precision, of spectral-based parameters calculated directly from IQ data is as good as or better than using converted RF data. To test this hypothesis, estimation of the BSC and ACS using RF and IQ data from software, physical phantoms and in vivo rabbit data were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that there were only small differences in estimates of the BSC between when using the original RF, the IQ derived from the original RF and the RF reconverted from the IQ, that is, root mean square errors (RMSEs) were less than 0.04. Furthermore, the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) was calculated for ACS maps with a value greater than 0.96 for maps created using the original RF, IQ data and reconverted RF. On the other hand, the processing time using the IQ data compared to RF data were substantially less, that is, reduced by more than a factor of two. Therefore, this study confirms two things: (1) there is no need to convert IQ data back to RF data for conducting spectral-based QUS analysis, because the conversion from IQ back into RF data can introduce artifacts. (2) For the implementation of real-time QUS, there is an advantage to convert the original RF data into IQ data to conduct spectral-based QUS analysis because IQ data-based QUS can improve processing speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"75-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application Value of Ultrasound Elastography Combined With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Quantitative Analysis in Differentiation of Nodular Fibrocystic Changes of the Breast From Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.","authors":"Jiajia Li, Yunfeng Wu, Zhaoyu Tian, Linfeng Shu, Siru Wu, Zuohui Wu","doi":"10.1177/01617346231217087","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01617346231217087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the value of ultrasound elastography combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) quantitative analysis in the differentiation of nodular fibrocystic breast change (FBC) from breast invasive ductal carcinoma (BIDC). We selected 50 patients each with nodular FBC and BIDC, who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021. Their ultrasonic elastic images and CEUS videos were collected, their ultrasound elastography scores and the ratio of strain rate (SR) of the lesions were determined, and the exported DICOM format videos of CEUS were quantitatively analyzed using VueBox software to obtain quantitative perfusion parameters. The differences between the ultrasound elastography score and SR while comparing nodular FBC and BIDC cases were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < .05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound elastography scores in the differential diagnoses of nodular FBC and BIDC were 74%, 88%, and 81%, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SR in the differential diagnosis of nodular FBC and BIDC were 94%, 78%, and 86%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the CEUS quantitative perfusion parameters PE, AUC (WiAUC, WoAUC, WiWoAUC), and WiPI in both nodular FBC and BIDC according to the VueBox software (<i>p</i> < .05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CEUS quantitative analysis in the differential diagnoses of nodular FBC and BIDC were 66%, 82%, and 74%, respectively. Using the pathological findings as the gold standard, ROC curves were established, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the CEUS quantitative analysis, elasticity score, SR, and ultrasound elastography combined with CEUS quantitative analysis were 0.731, 0.838, and 0.892, as well as 0.945, respectively. Ultrasound elasticity scoring, SR and CEUS quantitative analysis have certain application value for differentiating nodular FBC cases from BIDC; however, ultrasound elasticity imaging combined with CEUS quantitative analysis can help in improving the differential diagnostic efficacy of nodular FBC cases from BIDC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49401,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonic Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}