Virologie最新文献

{"title":"[Nature and evolution of the cellular HIV-1 reservoir in children and adolescents].","authors":"Jade Canape, Madeleine Aby Diallo, Hugo Soudeyns","doi":"10.1684/vir.2023.1023","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2023.1023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shortly after primary infection, HIV hides in cellular reservoirs from which it becomes difficult or almost impossible to dislodge. In the absence of effective antiretroviral therapy, there is almost invariably resurgence of productive infection leading to a decline in CD4+ T cell counts and progression of HIV disease. The course of HIV infection in adults (horizontal transmission) differs significantly from that acquired in children following perinatal transmission: steady-state viral load is higher in children, adherence issues make it more difficult to control viral load using antiretroviral therapy, and the life expectancy of HIV-infected children in absence of treatment is markedly shorter than that of adults. Compared to the situation in adults, we know very little about the nature of the cellular reservoir in children, about its importance at the quantitative level, about its persistence over time, about its evolution during infancy, childhood and adolescence, and about its influence on the pathogenesis of pediatric HIV-AIDS. Some reported cases of spontaneous remission of HIV infection in children in the absence of treatment have also fueled the hopes of discovering avenues leading to a functional cure for HIV-AIDS in both children and adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"27 5","pages":"269-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy to cure HIV infection.","authors":"Ryan P Goguen, Michelle J Chen, Owen R S Dunkley, Anne Gatignol, Robert J Scarborough","doi":"10.1684/vir.2023.1024","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2023.1024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, the only intervention that has cured HIV infection has been bone marrow transplants from HIV-resistant donors to HIV-infected recipients. This approach has been used to both cure hematological malignancies and HIV infection, but it cannot be widely adopted due to the high risk of mortality associated with cell transplants between individuals. To overcome this limitation, several approaches have been developed to generate HIV resistance using gene therapy in an infected individual's own cells. With the growing arsenal of effective methods to generate HIV-resistant cells, a safe and effective combination gene therapy approach to cure HIV infection is fast approaching. Here, we review several gene therapy-based methods to generate HIV-resistant cells including the expression of antiviral genes, genome editing, and transcriptional gene silencing. Their varied mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed, and perspectives are provided for how they may be combined to design an effective gene therapy for HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"27 5","pages":"63-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Gene therapy to cure HIV infection].","authors":"Ryan P Goguen, Michelle J Chen, Owen R S Dunkley, Anne Gatignol, Robert J Scarborough","doi":"10.1684/vir.2023.1021","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2023.1021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, the only intervention that has cured HIV infection has been bone marrow transplants from HIV-resistant donors to HIV-infected recipients. This approach has been used to both cure hematological malignancies and HIV infection, but it cannot be widely adopted due to the high risk of mortality associated with cell transplants between individuals. To overcome this limitation, several approaches have been developed to generate HIV resistance using gene therapy in an infected individual's own cells. With the growing arsenal of effective methods to generate HIV-resistant cells, a safe and effective combination gene therapy approach to cure HIV infection is fast approaching. Here, we review several gene therapy-based methods to generate HIV-resistant cells including the expression of antiviral genes, genome editing, and transcriptional gene silencing. Their varied mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed, and perspectives are provided for how they may be combined to design an effective gene therapy for HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"27 5","pages":"284-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forty years old and not quarantined: where are we with HIV-focused research?]","authors":"Jean-Pierre Routy, Stéphane Isnard","doi":"10.1684/vir.2023.1020","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2023.1020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"27 5","pages":"265-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Retroviruses Meeting: major advancements in retrovirus research].","authors":"Alexandre Legrand","doi":"10.1684/vir.2023.1022","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2023.1022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"27 5","pages":"307-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antivirals and vaccines.","authors":"N. Taveira","doi":"10.1684/vir.2019.0773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2019.0773","url":null,"abstract":"(P105 : Résumé non présenté.)","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"131 1","pages":"116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85302660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Voir version PDF.]","authors":"","doi":"10.1684/vir.2021.0897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2021.0897","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"55 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85635152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Voir version PDF.]","authors":"","doi":"10.1684/vir.2021.0898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2021.0898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"311 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79982329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Index par auteur et par numéro de résumé].","authors":"","doi":"10.1684/vir.2021.0896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2021.0896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"105 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80746534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional characterization of the replication and transcription activities of Hantaan virus polymerase","authors":"S. Garcia, J. Reguera","doi":"10.1691/ph.2009.0892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2009.0892","url":null,"abstract":"The Bunyavirales order is a large and worldwide distributed group of segmented negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses (sNSV) that includes more than 350 species (nine families). Arthropods and rodents are their natural reservoirs and humans are occasionally infected resulting in severe diseases. Particularly, the pathogenic prototype viruses Hantaan virus (HTNV, family Hantaviridae) and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV, family Nairoviridae) have increased their geographical expansion and as a consequence, also cases of human diseases. Thus, it is necessary to (i) understand their mechanism of infection and (ii) to develop effective drugs to counteract them. In this perspective, we are working on two critical steps of bunyavirus viral cycle : replication and transcription. These processes are carried out by the multifunctional viral polymerase (L). In order to decipher the molecular mechanisms of bunyavirus replication, we present the study of interactions between hantavirus L proteins and their genomic RNA and replication assays of the full-length Hantaan polymerase. By electrophoresis mobility shifts assays and fluoresce anisotropy we determined the viral sequences specifically binding the L proteins anddefined their length and measured their affinity. We could see differences in the interactions between bunyaviral families L proteins suggesting differences on their mechanisms of replication and the way they are regulated. On the other hand, we performed replication assays for HNTV and LACV L and we have obtained a different result patron. These studies on replication and transcription reactions have shown that Hantaan L is more active than LACV L in the presence or absence of N terminal TAG. Also, the expected replication products are different and we observed some reproducible abortive products.We observed an unexpected UTP transferase activity by the Hantaan L protein that seems related to the processing of its genomic RNA for preventing recognition by the cell innate immune system and maintaining genome integrity. TheseRNA-protein interactions studies, along with the replication assays, will provide the basis for subsequent biochemical and structural studies to understand the molecular mechanism uncovering these reactions. This will be crutial for the development of effective antiviral drugs.","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77132359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}