Virologie最新文献

{"title":"[What does the World Health Organization's public health emergency declaration reveal about mpox?]","authors":"Jean-Nicolas Tournier","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluate the host cellular immune response to better prevent and diagnose viral infections].","authors":"William Mouton, Jean-Marc Gombert, Anne Barra, Morgane Solis, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Nicolas Lévêque, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Marine Mommert-Tripon, Edouard Tuaillon, Patrice Morand","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In medicine, virological diagnosis is mainly based on the detection of the viral genome and antigens, or on the identification of specific antibodies produced in response to infection. These strategies are suitable for characterizing an active infection or past contact with an already known virus. The recent development of tests for evaluating the host's cellular immune response opens new perspectives for personalized patient care based on immunomonitoring. The IGRA tests (Interferon Gamma Release Assay), measuring interferon gamma produced by T lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by antigenic peptides specific to infectious agents, and the quantification of the blood viral load of Torque teno virus (TTV) thus constitute tools for assessing infectious risk, particularly usable to predict opportunistic viral reactivations in immunocompromised patients. The characterization of the expression profile of interferon stimulated genes in a respiratory sample is also likely to provide significant assistance in diagnosis, discriminating a viral infection from a bacterial infection, an acute infection from a persistence of nucleic acids from non replicating microorganisms or allowing, in case of viral emergence, to quickly identify infected subjects in the absence of specific PCR tests available. All of these new approaches, described in this review, have the potential to considerably improve patient care with the objective to correctly prescribe medical virology tests and anti-infective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Animal models in sciences and production: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement].","authors":"Tania Louis","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Challenges and advances in the management of HCMV infections].","authors":"Claire Gourin, Thelma Flores, Sarah Mafi, Cécile Malnou, Sophie Alain, Sébastien Hantz, Gaetan Ligat","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the most important causes of complications in immunocompromised patients and congenital infections. HCMV could also represent an interesting target for treatment to limit the progression of glioblastoma, a highly aggressive tumor. Ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir, which interfere with the activity of the viral polymerase pUL54, are widely used in the treatment of transplant patients. However, their use in pregnant women remains limited or even contraindicated. On the other hand, hyperimmune immunoglobulins and valaciclovir have been shown to have a protective effect on the fetus. However, the toxicity of these treatments and the emergence of resistance mean that new therapeutic strategies need to be identified. Letermovir and maribavir have been developed to inhibit new targets, respectively the terminase complex and UL97 protein kinase. Their respective indications are the prevention of HCMV infection in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and the treatment of refractory HCMV infections. Finally, with the development of mRNA vaccines, the hope of one day seeing a prophylactic HCMV vaccine has never been greater. New therapeutic approaches are also being explored, but they still require extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[2024: The Olympic Games go viral].","authors":"Sébastien Nisole","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of alveolar macrophages in HIV persistence and lung disease.","authors":"Cecilia T Costiniuk, Suzanne Samarani, Lixing Wang, MariaLuisa Vigano, Ali Ahmad","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has enabled people living with HIV (PLWH) to achieve near-normal life expectancies, an HIV cure remains elusive due to the presence of HIV reservoirs. Furthermore, compared with individuals in the general population, PLWH support a higher burden of multimorbidity, including pulmonary diseases of both an infectious and non-infection nature, which may be a consequence of the formation of HIV reservoirs. Their gut, lymph nodes, brain, testes and lungs constitute important anatomic sites for the reservoirs. While CD4+ T cells, and particularly memory CD4+ T cells, are the best characterized cellular HIV reservoirs, tissue resident macrophages (TRM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) also harbor HIV infection. AM are the most abundant cells in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid in healthy conditions, and act as sentinels in the alveolar space by patrolling and clearing debris, microbes and surfactant recycling. Long-lived tissue-resident AM of embryonic origin have the capacity of self-renewal without replenishment from peripheral monocytes. As in other tissues, close cell-cell contacts in lungs also provide a milieu conducive for cell-to-cell spread of HIV infection and establishment of reservoirs. As lungs are in constant exposure to antigens from the external environment, this situation contributes to pro-inflammatory phenotype rendering pulmonary immune cells exhausted and senescent-an environment facilitating HIV persistence. Factors such as tobacco and e-cigarette smoking, lung microbiome dysbiosis and respiratory coinfections further drive antigenic stimulation and HIV replication. HIV replication, in turn, contributes to ongoing inflammation and clonal expansion. Herein, the potential role of AM in HIV persistence is discussed. Furthermore, their contribution towards pulmonary inflammation and immune dysregulation, which may in turn render PLWH susceptible to chronic lung disease, despite ART, is explored. Finally, strategies to eliminate HIV-infected AM are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[When 2'-O-methylation throws a wrench in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase].","authors":"Alice Decombe, Olve Peersen, Etienne Decroly","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1056","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2024.1056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-1 polymerase, commonly known as HIV reverse transcriptase (RT), catalyzes the critical reaction of reverse transcription by synthesizing a double-stranded DNA copy of the viral genomic RNA. During the replication cycle, this synthesized DNA is integrated into the host genome. This entire process is essential for viral replication and is targeted by several antiviral drugs. Numerous studies in biochemistry and structural biology have led to a good understanding of HIV-1 RT functions. However, the discovery of epitranscriptomic marks, such as 2'-O-methylations, on the HIV-1 RNA genome raise the questions about RT's ability to copy RNAs decorated with these biochemical modifications. This review focuses on the importance of RT in the viral cycle, its structure and function and the impact of 2'-O-methylations on its activity and replication regulation, particularly in quiescent cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Potential role of alveolar macrophages in HIV persistence and lung disease].","authors":"Cecilia T Costiniuk, Suzanne Samarani, Lixing Wang, MariaLuisa Vigano, Ali Ahmad","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has enabled people living with HIV (PLWH) to achieve near-normal life expectancies, an HIV cure remains elusive due to the presence of HIV reservoirs. Furthermore, compared with individuals in the general population, PLWH support a higher burden of multimorbidity, including pulmonary diseases of both an infectious and non-infection nature, which may be a consequence of the formation of HIV reservoirs. Their gut, lymph nodes, brain, testes and lungs constitute important anatomic sites for the reservoirs. While CD4+ T-cells, and particularly memory CD4+ T-cells, are the best characterized cellular HIV reservoirs, tissue resident macrophages (TRM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) also harbor HIV infection. AM are the most abundant cells in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid in healthy conditions, and act as sentinels in the alveolar space by patrolling and clearing debris, microbes and surfactant recycling. Long-lived tissue-resident AM of embryonic origin have the capacity of self-renewal without replenishment from peripheral monocytes. As in other tissues, close cell-cell contacts in lungs also provide a milieu conducive for cell-to-cell spread of HIV infection and establishment of reservoirs. As lungs are in constant exposure to antigens from the external environment, this situation contributes to pro-inflammatory phenotype rendering pulmonary immune cells exhausted and senescent-an environment facilitating HIV persistence. Factors such as tobacco and e-cigarette smoking, lung microbiome dysbiosis and respiratory co-infections further drive antigenic stimulation and HIV replication. HIV replication, in turn, contributes to ongoing inflammation and clonal expansion. Herein, the potential role of AM in HIV persistence is discussed. Furthermore, their contribution towards pulmonary inflammation and immune dysregulation, which may in turn render PLWH susceptible to chronic lung disease, despite ART, is explored. Finally, strategies to eliminate HIV-infected AM are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Questioning the eradication of HIV-1 reservoirs by targeting cell proliferation].","authors":"Petronela Ancuta","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2024.1059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The viral protein NS1: a major player in the pathogenesis of orthoflaviviruses].","authors":"Justine Revel, Caroline Desmetz, Yannick Simonin","doi":"10.1684/vir.2024.1050","DOIUrl":"10.1684/vir.2024.1050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthoflaviviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses comprising numerous human pathogens transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. This includes viruses such as dengue virus, Zika virus, and yellow fever virus. The viral nonstructural protein NS1 plays a central role in the pathogenesis and cycle of these viruses by acting in two different forms: associated with the plasma membrane (NS1m) or secreted outside the cell (NS1s). The versatility of NS1 is evident in its ability to modulate various aspects of the infectious process, from immune evasion to pathogenesis. As an intracellular protein, it disrupts many processes, interfering with signaling pathways and facilitating viral replication in concert with other viral proteins. As a secreted protein, NS1 actively participates in immune evasion, interfering with the host immune system, inhibiting the complement system, facilitating viral dissemination, and disrupting the integrity of endothelial barriers. This review primarily aims to address the role of NS1 in viral pathogenesis associated with orthoflaviviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49377,"journal":{"name":"Virologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}