{"title":"Loneliness Gets Under the Skin: A Scoping Review Exploring the Link Between Loneliness and Biological Measures of Inflammation.","authors":"Bohyun Kim, Maria Weibel, Jodi McDaniel","doi":"10.1177/01939459241292037","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241292037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests that systemic inflammation may link loneliness to adverse health outcomes, yet there is a gap in comprehensively reviewing recent evidence on the relationship between loneliness and biological measures of inflammation in adults. This scoping review synthesizes current research to address the question: Is there a definitive link between loneliness and biological markers of inflammation in adults?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the methods outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, we developed a protocol, defined our research question, and systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus for English-language studies conducted from 2018 to 2023 exploring the relationship between loneliness and biomarkers of inflammation in adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria displayed heterogeneity in terms of sample characteristics, loneliness scales, and inflammatory biomarkers. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, in various forms, emerged as the predominant tool for measuring loneliness, while C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were the most frequently evaluated inflammatory biomarkers. Notably, all 12 studies reported an association between loneliness and at least 1 biological marker of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research consistently associates loneliness with poor health outcomes in aging adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This scoping review suggests that inflammation may serve as a pathway linking loneliness to adverse health outcomes. However, the variability across studies highlights the need for standardized measurement methods and a consideration of both the duration and extent of loneliness. Enhancing our understanding of how loneliness affects systemic inflammation may help clarify why loneliness is associated with negative health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"989-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Emotional Coworker Support on Work Engagement Among Pediatric Health Care Providers: The Mediator Role of Emotional Regulation.","authors":"Letizia Dal Santo, Robin Michaux, Sabine Pohl","doi":"10.1177/01939459241296965","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241296965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous findings demonstrated that healthcare workers with a high level of social support are likely to engage in their work. Healthcare workers are not only engaged in the physical problems of their patients but also in their emotional difficulties. Pediatric professionals must express and regulate their own emotions during their interactions with young patients and their families.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of coworkers' emotional support on healthcare workers' work engagement in pediatric healthcare settings and the emotional regulation mechanisms by which emotional coworker support leads to work engagement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was distributed in a Belgian pediatric hospital between October 2021 and December 2021. The sample consisted of 274 healthcare workers who were in direct contact with patients. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of measures of coworker emotional support, work engagement, emotional suppression, and cognitive reevaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emotional suppression partially mediated the effects of perceived emotional coworker support on work engagement. Coworkers' emotional support fosters work engagement by reducing the negative effects of emotional suppression. Moreover, cognitive evaluation was positively associated with work engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide insight into the influence of perceived emotional coworkers, emotional suppression, and cognitive reevaluation on work engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"963-969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latent Profile Analysis of Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors.","authors":"Yanxia Chen, Hui Wang, Yiling Yang, Jiale Li, Tingyu Luo, Huixin Wei, Fengxiang Wei, Weiqiang Chen","doi":"10.1177/01939459241296728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241296728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep problems are prevalent among individuals diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), significantly impacting their overall quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to adopt a person-centered methodology to unveil the latent profiles of sleep quality and identify factors influencing sleep patterns in patients with GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study gathered sociodemographic features, clinical information, sleep problems (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), personality traits (Type D Personality Scale), social support (Perceived Social Support Scale), and self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale). Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify profiles of sleep quality, while multinomial logistic regression was employed to ascertain the factors influencing these identified profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 431 participants, 423 (98.1%) completed the questionnaire, with 53.0% reporting moderate-to-poor sleep quality. This study identified 4 distinct profiles of sleep quality among patients with GDM: the \"good sleep quality\" group (47.0%), the \"poor sleep quality-long sleep duration\" group (10.0%), the \"moderate sleep quality\" group (25.3%), and the \"poor sleep quality-short sleep duration\" group (17.7%). Individuals with type D personality were associated with the \"poor sleep quality-long sleep duration\" [odds ratio (OR) = 3.21, <i>P</i> = .005], \"moderate sleep quality\" (OR = 2.65, <i>P</i> = .003), and \"poor sleep quality-short sleep duration\" group (OR = 2.31, <i>P</i> = .018). Individuals with a history of GDM were associated with \"poor sleep quality-long sleep duration\" group (OR = 3.46, <i>P</i> = .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research revealed significant classification characteristics of sleep quality in patients with GDM, offering valuable insights for tailoring interventions to address distinct subcategories of sleep-related issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"970-979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minorities with Health Care in the Philippines: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Ryan Q De Torres, Dula F Pacquiao","doi":"10.1177/01939459241288827","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241288827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited availability and accessibility of health care facilities and services tailored to the specific health care needs of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) in the Philippines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to describe SGMs' experiences with health care services in the Philippines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a phenomenological design, interviews were conducted with participants recruited online through SGM networks and organizations. Individual, online-recorded interviews were conducted with 14 participants who were at least 18 years old, were Filipino nationals residing in the Philippines, self-identified as SGM, could comprehend and write in Filipino, and received any health care service within the past year. Data were entered and analyzed using the NVivo software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three major themes emerged: patient-centered communication and relationship, holistic care, and caring environment. Participants identified the significance of genuine, affirming, and respectful communication in building positive relationships and continuing engagement with health care. Holistic care is embedded in clinical competence, gender sensitivity, continuity of care, and collaborative practice with other disciplines. A caring environment minimizes gender-related stigma and discrimination and promotes acceptance of diverse sexual identities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Filipino SGMs face several multifaceted health care concerns and challenges stemming at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Sexual and gender biases, stigma, and discrimination are major barriers to health care among SGMs. Promotion of culturally and gender-sensitive care among Filipino SGMs should involve training of health care providers and creation of programs and policies to understand and respect SGMs while considering social, cultural, and political influences on their health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"952-962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Missed Nursing Care and Nurse Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Aydolu Algin, Hande Yesilbas, Filiz Kantek","doi":"10.1177/01939459241292038","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241292038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Missed nursing care is a global issue that refers to any aspect of patient care that is partially or entirely omitted or delayed. Although many studies have examined the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction, there is no synthesized evidence of these findings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by searching the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Springer Link. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 13 619 identified reports, 8 studies involving 10 418 nurses were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A significant negative relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction was identified, with the summary effect size of <i>r</i> = -0.294 (95% CI: -0.364 to -0.219, <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The meta-analysis presented evidence regarding the significance of missed care in influencing nurse job satisfaction. As missed nursing care decreases, nurses' job satisfaction may increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"980-988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Zhang, Audra Murphy, Heidi M Lammers-van der Holst, Laura K Barger, Jeanne F Duffy
{"title":"Night Shift Work and Sleep Experiences in Older Night Shift Nurses.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Audra Murphy, Heidi M Lammers-van der Holst, Laura K Barger, Jeanne F Duffy","doi":"10.1177/01939459241299779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241299779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Working at night leads to misalignment between the biological clock and the work/sleep schedule, resulting in sleepiness and impaired performance during the night shift and poor quality, shortened sleep during the day; this is greatly impaired in older individuals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe night work and sleep experiences from the perspective of older (aged 50-65) nurses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven virtual focus groups were formed comprising 19 older nurses who worked regular 8-hour night shifts (at least 6 consecutive hours between midnight and 6 am) to learn about their shift work and sleep experiences. Two facilitators and 2 research assistants independently reviewed and coded the transcripts using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine themes were identified in 3 domains: (a) night shift challenges and difficulties, including first night shift is most difficult; never feel rested working nights; and personal health concerns and benefits from working nights; (b) sleep challenges and difficulties, including inconsistent sleep timing when switching between nights and days; extended (24+ hours) time awake before and after consecutive nights; difficulty maintaining long and sound daytime sleep; and napping before night shifts for better performance; and (c) family and social challenges and support, including childcare, family, personal obligations, and social activities affect sleep; aging of self and children influences sleep and prioritization of sleep.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings help understand challenges and struggles to obtain adequate sleep and safe work performance in older night shift nurses. These insignts are critical for designing and implementing feasible and acceptable interventions to improve sleep in this high-risk occupational group.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1939459241299779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pallav Deka, Emma Schlegel, Dola Pathak, Milind Karve, Darby Pickford, Allison DeLuna, Gwen Wyatt, Susan W Buchholz
{"title":"Acceptability of a Portable Exercise Bike in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Pallav Deka, Emma Schlegel, Dola Pathak, Milind Karve, Darby Pickford, Allison DeLuna, Gwen Wyatt, Susan W Buchholz","doi":"10.1177/01939459241274869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241274869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ways to help older adults overcome barriers to performing regular exercise is a challenge to nurses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluated the acceptability of a portable exercise bike for arm/foot pedaling among older patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants reported their physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) and thereafter performed two 6-minute-long arm/foot pedal biking sessions using a portable exercise bike. Participants provided qualitative feedback (one open-ended question) on the bike while exercising and completed the quantitative Acceptability Use Questionnaire following the two exercise sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five older adults (52% male and 48% female), with a mean (SD) age of 70 (6.4) years and a body mass index of 30 (7.4), completed the study. Most participants performed moderate to light physical activity at home with a daily mean (SD) sitting/sedentary time of 8 (3.4) hours. The mean scores from the Acceptability Use Questionnaire and the participants' comments alluded to the bike's multitasking utility and acceptability. Three broad themes derived from the qualitative analysis were: (1) the acceptability of the bike with participants who had musculoskeletal problems; (2) the ability to operate and use the bike for aerobic exercise engaging both arms and legs; and (3) the importance of overall utility, ease of use, and cost of the bike.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The portable exercise bike was found acceptable in a group of older adults with CVDs. The bike has the potential to be applied in home-based exercise interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"847-853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayat Zubedat, Michal Liebergall-Wischnitzer, Amy Solnica, Nurit Zusman, Uri Dior
{"title":"An Integrative Approach for Endometriosis-Related Pain.","authors":"Ayat Zubedat, Michal Liebergall-Wischnitzer, Amy Solnica, Nurit Zusman, Uri Dior","doi":"10.1177/01939459241283018","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241283018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain is a common, severe symptom related to endometriosis. Despite this prominent feature, there is limited literature regarding its description and use of integrative treatment methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to describe endometriosis-related pain characteristics, severity, and association with an integrative approach encompassing pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted using convenience sampling of adult women with endometriosis-related pain. Three questionnaires were utilized: a demographic and general health questionnaire, a visual analog pain scale (VAS), and the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants included 93 women with a mean general pain level of 6.2/10 (SD = 2.7) on the VAS. The total mean pain score on the SF-MPQ was 26.25/45 (SD = 10.1). Sixty-four women (68.8%) reported experiencing pain at the time of completion of the questionnaire (mean: 1.6/4, SD = 1.3). All participants utilized analgesia; those who used opioids reported a higher overall mean pain score of 2.3 (SD = 1.3) than patients who did not use opioids reported a mean of 1.4 (SD = 1.2; <i>z</i> = 9.59; <i>P</i> < .001). Present pain intensity was significantly higher for women using opioids than those not using opioids. In all, 77 women (82.8%) used integrative methods to alleviate the pain symptoms. Women who utilized nutritional therapy as part of the non-pharmacological method experienced lower mean (SD) overall pain (4.4 [2.5]) compared with patients who did not utilize nutritional therapy (6.75 [2.5]; <i>P</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More studies are needed to find evidence-based treatment options for women for integrative pain relief for endometriosis-related pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"862-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Brief COPE Among Sexual Minority Adults.","authors":"Marvin A Solberg, Meghna Shukla","doi":"10.1177/01939459241285690","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241285690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Brief COPE is a widely used coping instrument, but there is a paucity of research regarding its ability to measure coping among sexual minority (SM) persons.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study determined the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE and identified coping domains among a sample of SM individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted with 530 SM persons in the United States. Participants completed the dispositional version of the Brief COPE. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) determined construct validity. Cronbach's alpha examined the reliability of resulting domains. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was employed to identify coping domains and criterion-related validity was assessed by examining the relationship of the domains with substance use measures (alcohol, cannabis, and drug use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CFA replicated the original 14-factor structure. ESEM identified 3 second-order domains with acceptable fit (chi-square [χ<sup>2</sup>] = 905.81; degrees of freedom [d<i>f</i>] = 334, <i>P</i> < .001; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.90; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; 90% confidence interval = 0.05-0.06; and standardized root mean residual = 0.08). The 3 second-order domains demonstrated good reliability: adaptive (ω = 0.84), support (ω = 0.85), and disengaged coping (ω = 0.84). Disengaged coping exhibited the strongest correlations with substance use outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Brief COPE and validates its use with SM persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"900-908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experiences of Family Members With Visitation Prohibition for Critically Ill Patients.","authors":"Sunjung Kim, Sunghee H Tak","doi":"10.1177/01939459241277777","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01939459241277777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visitation plays a number of positive roles for critically ill patients and their families. It reduces the physical and mental stress of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their families and allows family members to participate in patient care. Visit prohibition during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised unprecedented challenges to patients, family members, and health care providers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of families of patients in the ICU with no-visitor policies due to COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection was conducted through 8 individual in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted between October 2021 and March 2022. Data analysis was performed following the qualitative method proposed by Colaizzi. The researchers independently analyzed the data, checked the findings, derived subthemes, and categorized them into overarching themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (<i>a</i>) experiencing emotional distress, (<i>b</i>) being fearful of in-person patient contact, (<i>c</i>) being dissatisfied with the access control policy in the ICU, and (<i>d</i>) making efforts to reach the patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is critical to provide support and develop interventions for families denied visitation with loved ones in ICUs. Since in-person visits are crucial for families, hospitals should establish clear and reasonable visitation guidelines, communicate effectively with families, and offer alternative methods for them to connect with loved ones in the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":49365,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Nursing Research","volume":" ","pages":"854-861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}