Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Host's immune response to primary tumours and concomitant brain metastases in the central nervous system.","authors":"Alexandra Papadaki, George Zarkavelis, Melina Yerolatsite, Nanteznta Torounidou, Anna-Lea Amylidi, Antonia V Charchanti, Davide Mauri, Anna Batistatou, Anna Gousia","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brain metastases from solid tumours are the most common intracranial neoplasms and significantly impact patients' quality of life and overall survival (OS). Despite advances in oncological therapies, these patients have often been excluded from clinical trials, limiting our understanding of the efficacy of new treatments, such as immunotherapy, in this population. Investigating the tumour microenvironment (TME) of brain metastases is challenging, particularly in determining whether immunotherapy is effective for these lesions. The aim of this study is to investigate the host's immune response to primary tumours and concomitant brain metastases in the central nervous system from various malignancies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to examine tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and the expression of programmed cell death 1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tissue samples from 72 patients with predominant solid tumours and synchronous or metachronous brain metastases. Correlations with different parameters were analysed to evaluate the prognosis of these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All metastatic tumour samples exhibited decreased intraepithelial CD3 and CD8 levels compared to primary tumours, with variable FOXP3 levels and no consistent difference in PD-L1 levels in tumour cells. Programmed death ligand 1 expression in immune cells was generally lower in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumours. The median OS from diagnosis (OS1) was 19.1 months (95% CI: 13.6-35.1), and the median OS from the diagnosis of brain metastases (OS2) was 11.35 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The brain TME demonstrates varying levels of TIL and immune checkpoint expression, highlighting the need for further research to develop effective therapies for intracranial metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myelodysplastic syndrome after maintenance treatment with metronomic cyclophosphamide: weighing prolonged stable disease against late toxicity.","authors":"Sara Neves Carvalho, Carolina Perez Duque, Susana Lisboa, Dulcineia Pereira, Miguel H Abreu","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metronomic cyclophosphamide is occasionally used as maintenance therapy for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), although there is limited long-term safety data. In this case study, we present the patient with metastatic TNBC who achieved a durable complete response and subsequently received metronomic cyclophosphamide for seven years. Progressive cytopenias prompted an investigation, which revealed myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7 once reversible causes had been addressed, including vitamin deficiencies, Helicobacter pylori infection and previous hepatitis C exposure. Following discontinuation of cyclophosphamide, gradual haematological recovery was observed, and the patient remains without radiological evidence of progression. This case highlights the potential for late haematological toxicity associated with prolonged exposure to low doses of alkylating agents, emphasises the need for periodic reassessment of maintenance therapy in long-term responders, and shows that persistent cytopenias require evaluation of alternative causes rather than being solely attributed to chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best supportive care in patients with brain metastases: impact of the primary tumour type on survival.","authors":"Carsten Nieder, Ellinor C Haukland, Bård Mannsåker, Luka Stanisavljevic, Astrid Dalhaug","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study was aimed to analyse the impact of the tumour type and other patient- and disease-related baseline parameters in a consecutive cohort managed with best supportive care (BSC) in northern Norway.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of 149 patients managed with BSC without any systemic cancer-directed therapy or local brain-directed measures (2007-2024). Eleven patients were originally supposed to start active treatment and 12 had received prior prophylactic whole-brain irradiation (WBRT). Uni- and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for survival were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median survival after radiological diagnosis was 1.3 months (95% CI: 1.08-1.52) for all 149 patients combined. The 3- and 6-month survival rates were 20% and 1%, respectively. Neither prior WBRT nor upfront intention to treat were associated with survival. Steroid responders survived significantly longer than non-responders. The multivariate Cox model suggested that survival mainly depends on Karnofsky performance status (< 70 vs. ≥ 70), extracranial metastases (present/absent), and primary tumour type (better in renal cell cancer/malignant melanoma vs. all others combined), <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01 for all three predictors of survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All prognostic strata in our study had median survival times < 2.5 months, indicating an inevitable poor outcome, despite presence of statistically significant differences, e.g. for the primary tumour type. The clinical impact of prognostic scores would thus be very limited. Median survival was similar in historical studies of BSC. Best supportive care is a reasonable choice in patients with brain metastases and very short life expectancy, as also evident from prospective research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico approach and <i>in vitro</i> study of fangchinoline-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells.","authors":"Denny Satria, Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan, Masfria Masfria, Syukur Berkat Waruwu, Choo Yeun-Mun, Feri Eko Hermanto, Nashi Widodo","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fangchinoline, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Stephaniae tetrandrine, is known for its antioxidant and anticancer potential. This study aimed to explore fangchinoline's anticancer targets in silico and evaluate its effects on human epidermal growth receptor-2 (<i>HER-2</i>) overexpressing <i>MCF-7</i> breast cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Potential molecular targets were identified using GeneCards and DisGeNET, with intersecting genes analysed via DAVID and Cytoscape. Molecular docking and 50-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations were conducted against <i>ERBB2, IGF1R</i>, and <i>ADRB2</i> proteins. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, while flow cytometry assessed cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, expression of <i>PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p53, HER-2</i>, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 256 overlapping genes were identified, and <i>ERBB2</i> emerged as the most promising target with a binding affinity of -8.57 kcal/mol. Fangchinoline exhibited cytotoxicity against <i>MCF-7</i>/<i>HER-2</i> cells with an IC₅₀ of 9.67 ±0.14 µM. Fangchinoline induced G2-M arrest and significantly increased apoptosis. Flow cytometry revealed downregulation of <i>PI3K</i> (-42.1%), <i>Akt</i> (-38.6%), and <i>mTOR</i> (-45.3%), with a corresponding upregulation of <i>p53</i> (+59.8%) compared to controls. Reactive oxygen species production was elevated by +48.5% after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fangchinoline exhibits promising anticancer activity by targeting <i>ERBB2</i> and modulating critical oncogenic and apoptotic pathways. Its ability to upregulate <i>p53</i> and ROS while suppressing <i>PI3K</i>/<i>Akt</i>/<i>mTOR</i> signalling suggests its strong potential as a <i>HER-2</i>-targeted therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"56-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal zone lymphoma of arytenoid cartilage: a rare malignancy of the larynx.","authors":"Julia Bernaciak, Piotr Nogal, Katarzyna Iwanik, Joanna Jackowska","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL), which has an indolent course, rarely occurs in arytenoid cartilage. Diagnosis of the condition in such an infrequent location is challenging and demands the use of various methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination of the tissue sections acquired during microlaryngoscopy. We present an infrequent case of a 61-year-old patient who was diagnosed with EMZL of arytenoid cartilage after a four-year period of surveillance and examinations. Chemoimmunotherapy was implemented in this case as a successful method of treatment, as it included bendamustine and rituximab. The disease was in remission after the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity as a prognostic marker in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.","authors":"Yuliia Moskalenko, Viktor Kovchun, Anton Bohdanov, Vitalii Budko","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiodensity of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), measurable on routine computed tomography (CT), may reflect metabolic status and cachexia, both of which influence cancer outcomes. However, its prognostic role in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of SAT radiodensity in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The retrospective analysis included 92 patients with stage IV NSCLC receiving ICI. Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (Hounsfield units) was measured from pre-treatment CT at the L3 level and categorized into quartiles. Kaplan- Meier analysis, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models were used. Nonlinear associations were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Cox models were? adjusted for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors. A <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median overall survival for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 was 13.4, 26.3, 18.4, and 14.2 months, respectively (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.0226). Compared with Q1, Q2 showed a significantly reduced mortality risk across all models (fully adjusted hazard ratios = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Q3 and Q4 were not significantly different from Q1. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a mild U-shaped relationship (<i>p</i> for nonlinearity = 0.0094), with intermediate SAT density linked to best outcomes. Programmed death ligand 1 expression significantly modified the SAT-survival association (<i>p</i> for interaction < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Moderate SAT radiodensity was associated with improved survival in metastatic NSCLC patients on ICI, potentially reflecting an optimal metabolic-immune balance. Subcutaneous adipose tissue density, easily obtained from routine imaging, warrants further prospective validation as a scalable prognostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glioblastoma with an uncommon <i>TP53</i> mutation presenting with pleural metastasis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Zuzanna Biegała, Oliwia Kowalczyk, Julia Sołek, Piotr Czapiewski, Jakub Jankowski, Maciej Radek, Dominik Paprocki, Witold Skierkowski, Marcin Braun","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.158129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.158129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely rare phenomenon and is associated with a poor prognosis. Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old woman who developed pleural metastasis of GBM, manifesting non-specific breathing difficulties during treatment. This case highlights the importance of integrating multiple diagnostic approaches, as only the comparison of histopathological examination results with the patient's clinical history - right temporal lobe GBM - enabled the final diagnosis of GBM metastasis. Next-generation sequencing was performed as part of the diagnostic workup and revealed a p.G266R TP53 mutation. Additionally, imaging revealed an extensive heterogeneous lesion at the site of the previously resected GBM, which proved to be an inoperable gliosarcoma (World Health Organization grade 4). This rare presentation of GBM with distant pleural metastasis, combined with the identification of an uncommon TP53 mutation, represents a unique diagnostic and clinical challenge and underscores the novelty of this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis, prognostic prediction of the accelerated phase of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a narrative review.","authors":"Krzysztof Michalak, Łukasz Mazur, Alicja Bujara, Dariusz Woszczyk, Wojciech Michalak","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal B lymphocytes. It is the most common adult leukaemia in Western populations. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia can progress to the accelerated phase and Richter transformation. Accelerated CLL (aCLL) is likely to reflect the biological state of CLL tumour cells characterized by high proliferation, resulting in an aggressive form of the disease and, consequently, a poor prognosis. Richter transformation represents an aggressive histological transformation from CLL, most often to a large B-cell lymphoma. It is characterized by chemoresistance and subsequent short survival. Therefore, appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are essential to detect and effectively treat the progression of the underlying disease promptly. While a variety of tools for CLL diagnosis are available, there is no gold standard in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this review was to synthesise the current knowledge regarding diagnostic tools for aCLL and compare their relative advantages and disadvantages, to identify the most clinically efficacious option.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When two lives intersect: melanoma in pregnancy: mechanisms, risks, and management strategies.","authors":"Svetoslava Troyanova Slavkova, Dimitar Slavkov","doi":"10.5114/wo.2026.159547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2026.159547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy-associated melanoma is one of the more frequently encountered malignancies during gestation, although its overall incidence remains low. Current evidence suggests that pregnancy itself does not adversely affect melanoma-specific survival when the tumour stage is considered, yet clinical management remains challenging. Physiological skin changes can obscure early detection, and limitations on imaging modalities and systemic therapies restrict standard diagnostic and treatment options. Additional uncertainty surrounds the safety and timing of sentinel lymph node biopsy during pregnancy. Although metastases to the placenta or foetus are exceedingly rare, placental histopathological examination is recommended in cases of advanced maternal disease to ensure appropriate follow-up. Optimal care relies on applying standard melanoma treatment principles with thoughtful adjustments to safeguard foetal well-being. Continued research and larger, higher-quality datasets are essential to improve prognostic accuracy and guide evidence-based management in this complex and clinically sensitive setting, supporting clinicians in delivering safer care for affected pregnant patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum citrulline as a prognostic marker in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy.","authors":"Kasper Kuna, Jacek Burzyński, Damian Mikulski, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Anna Papis-Ubych, Konrad Stawiski, Jacek Fijuth, Piotr Kędzierawski, Jacek Sadowski, Rafał Stando, Robert Bibik, Łukasz Graczyk, Tomasz Latusek, Tomasz Rutkowski, Wojciech Fendler, Bartłomiej Tomasik","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.158130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.158130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) represents one of the most rapidly increasing head and neck cancers worldwide, with prognosis strongly influenced by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Given the clinical significance, there is a strong demand to evaluate novel biomarkers to monitor treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the prognostic value of citrulline, a well- established marker of enterocyte injury, in patients undergoing OPC treatment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We reanalysed a cohort of patients with OPC recruited across three tertiary oncology centres in Poland. All patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy, with concurrent chemotherapy. Serum citrulline levels were measured prior to treatment using a dedicated ELISA kit. The associations between pre-treatment citrulline levels, clinical characteristics, and patient survival outcomes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were included. The baseline citrulline level showed no significant association with clinical characteristics. In univariable Cox regression, tumour size, along with induction chemotherapy, were significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and progression- free survival (PFS). In contrast, the baseline citrulline level was not predictive in univariate analysis. In the subgroup analysis of patients with positive HPV status, both the larger tumour size and higher citrulline level were significantly associated with poorer OS and PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline citrulline demonstrated prognostic value for OS and PFS in HPV-positive patients treated with CRT. These findings suggest a potential role for citrulline as a biomarker of treatment-related vulnerability in OPC and warrant further validation in larger, independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}