Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Colorectal cancer radiotherapy utilization rate in a low-middle income country - a multicenter study in Indonesia.","authors":"Vito Filbert Jayalie, Gregorius Ben Prajogi, Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata, Handoko, Soehartati Gondhowiardjo","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.149236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.149236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the rising application of radiotherapy for cancer in Indonesia, no known radiotherapy utilization rate (RUR) figure has been produced for colon and rectal cancer in Indonesia. This study aims to depict the actual and optimal RUR for colon and rectal cancer in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Secondary data was obtained from hospitals providing radiotherapy services in Indonesia, and descriptive analysis was conducted in April-September 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Actual RUR (aRUR) of colon cancer was 5.3%, yet the calculated optimal RUR (oRUR) was 3.3% (3-3.7%) with an unmet need percentage of -60.6% [-76.7-(-43.2)%]. Actual RUR of rectal cancer in Indonesia was 19.5%, while calculated oRUR was 41% (28-66%) with an unmet need percentage of 52.4% (30.4-70.5%). In combination, 26.21% and 14.9% were the final calculation of colorectal cancer oRUR and aRUR, resulting in 45.5% (21.4-65.6%) unmet need. A substantial difference was also observed when sensitivity analysis was incorporated, with the percentage of unmet needs for colon and rectal cancer ranging from -76.7 to 86.5% and 2.2-94.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a gap between aRUR and oRUR of colorectal cancer. Although oRUR of colon cancer seems to have been met, a significant gap persisted between oRUR and aRUR in rectal cancer. However, when sensitivity analysis was incorporated, notable disparity persisted for both colon and rectal cancer. Patient, clinician, and bureaucratic factors should be considered in increasing the RUR of colon and rectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"113-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-fetoprotein as a prognostic factor in alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma - integration into post-resection prognostic nomograms.","authors":"Shinichi Ikuta, Tsukasa Aihara, Takayoshi Nakajima, Naoki Yamanaka","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.149087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.149087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to validate the prognostic value of alpha- fetoprotein (AFP) in AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and develop an AFP-integrated nomogram for post-resection recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 453 HCC patients with preoperative AFP ≤ 20 ng/ml who underwent curative resection, divided into training (<i>n</i> = 317) and validation (<i>n</i> = 136) cohorts. The optimal AFP cutoff was determined using maximized χ² values. Nomograms were developed with repeated least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection and stepwise Cox regression. Model performance was assessed using concordance (C-) indices, time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), calibration plots, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An alpha-fetoprotein cutoff of 7 ng/ml stratified patients for both RFS and OS (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The recurrence-free survival nomogram included AFP, age, sex, multiple tumors, and cirrhosis, while the OS nomogram incorporated AFP, albumin-bilirubin score, the up-to-7 criterion, des-γ-carboxy prothrombin, vascular invasion, and histological grade. In the training cohort, the nomograms demonstrated C-indices of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.60-0.68) for RFS and 0.72 (0.67-0.76) for OS. Validation cohort C-indices were 0.64 (0.62-0.65) for RFS and 0.67 (0.65-0.68) for OS. Time-dependent AUCs and calibration plots confirmed the predictive accuracy of the nomograms, and KM curves showed clear separation between high- and low-risk groups, further highlighting their clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alpha-fetoprotein retains prognostic value even within the clinically normal range for HCC. The AFP-integrated post-resection nomograms demonstrated acceptable predictive performance for AFP-negative patients, potentially enhancing personalized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH inhibits proliferation of HeLa cells and promotes their apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.","authors":"Liang He, Dingji Tan, Rui Zhu, Jinglin Zhao, Hongli Yin, Ming Duan, Xin Li, Wen Fan, Zhiqin Yang, Xin Wang, Hongying Yang","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.148642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.148642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Existing treatments for cervical cancer have side effects on the human body. Some lactobacilli inhibit tumour progression in a strain-specific manner without toxic side effects.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We explored whether <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH isolated from the vagina has anti-cervical cancer effects by performing Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometry, JC-1 staining, and western blotting. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to determine the possible mechanism. Xenograft tumour model mice that were orally administered <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH were used to validate the anticancer effects <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH downregulated the expression of cyclin E1 and CDK2, resulting in cell cycle arrest at S phase and inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation. In addition, HeLa cells treated with <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH significantly promoted the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, and increased the expression of Bax. Also, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, which induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. Most of the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating that <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH might exert its anticancer effects through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Most importantly, we found that the tumour volume of mice was significantly smaller than control group after orally administered <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH, and biochemical results showed that <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH had no toxic side effects on the liver or kidney, suggesting that <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH has anti-cervical cancer effects <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed the anti-cervical cancer effects of <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> YNH, providing a new candidate bioactive substance for the treatment of cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nivolumab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients and future perspectives.","authors":"Karolina Buchajska, Anna Mydlak, Jakub Zwoliński, Kinga Wojtaszczyk, Bartosz Spławski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.149237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.149237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) cases are increasing globally, with resistance to immunotherapies such as nivolumab posing a significant challenge. This systematic review examines the mechanisms of nivolumab resistance in HNC, with a focus on intrinsic tumor factors, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune checkpoint dysregulation. Intrinsic mechanisms, such as mutations that impair antigen presentation and <i>MYC</i> amplification, reshape the TME to promote immune evasion. The tumor microenvironment, enriched with immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, further compromises nivolumab's effectiveness. Moreover, cancer cells exploit immune checkpoints, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3, and LAG-3, to evade immune surveillance. Identifying predictive biomarkers, such as <i>MYC</i> amplification and PD-L1 expression, is essential for developing personalized treatments. This review underscores the complex nature of nivolumab resistance and the urgent need for comprehensive therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in HNC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in <i>HMGB1, ROS1, FGFR1, FGFR2, IL6</i>, and <i>TLR4</i> are associated with worse survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Victor C Kok, Chien-Kuan Lee, Ming-Chih Wang, Yen-Te Lu","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.149138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.149138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the impact of alterations in six key genes (<i>HMGB1, ROS1, IL6, FGFR1, FGFR2</i>, and <i>TLR4</i>) on survival outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). These genes are implicated in signaling pathways such as RTK-Ras, PI3K-Akt, TLR, and SHP2.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Genomic data from five datasets were merged to identify 437 ESCC patients, categorized into altered (<i>n</i> = 66, 15%) and unaltered (<i>n</i> = 371, 85%) groups. Gene expression was analyzed using the GSE53624 dataset, and survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Hazard ratios (HR) were derived to quantify risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The altered group exhibited a significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) and mutation count than the unaltered group (<i>p</i> < 1E-7). While disease-free survival analysis of 76 patients showed no significant difference, overall survival (OS) analysis of 288 patients demonstrated significantly worse survival in the altered group [median OS (95% CI): 18.63 months (18.17-28.13) vs. 40.93 months (28.42 - not reached); HR = 2.16 (1.33-3.52)]. Additionally, higher <i>HMGB1</i> expression was significantly associated with poorer survival (<i>p</i> < 0.008). Expression-treatment response correlation using the GSE45670 dataset showed that <i>HMGB1</i> expression in the pathological complete remission group was significantly higher than in the normal epithelium group, <i>p</i> = 0.016.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights that genomic alterations in these six genes are associated with poorer OS in ESCC, despite higher TMB potentially increasing tumor neo-antigens. These findings underscore the need for further research to explore their prognostic and therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perirectal spacers in radiotherapy for prostate cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Marcin Miszczyk, Rafał Stando, Giulio Francolini, Constantinos Zamboglou, Anna Cadenar, Agata Suleja, Tamás Fazekas, Akihiro Matsukawa, Ichiro Tsuboi, Mikołaj Przydacz, Michael S Leapman, Paweł Rajwa, Stéphane Supiot, Shahrokh F Shariat","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.148388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.148388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perirectal spacers reduce the radiotherapy (RT) dose delivered to the rectum, but their impact on treatment toxicity remains debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise emerging data (PROSPERO: CRD42024506380).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched through 2024/08/18 for prospective randomised (RCT) and non-randomised trials evaluating the clinical outcomes of perirectal spacing in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Random effects generalised linear mixed models were used to pool odds ratios (OR) for rectal adverse events (AEs) from RCTs. Non-randomised trials were summarised qualitatively. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three RCTs (<i>n</i> = 645) were identified. The rates of grade ≥ 2 (G ≥ 2) rectal AEs in control groups were low, ranging 4.2-13.8% for early AEs and 0-1.4% for late AEs. Perirectal spacers were associated with decreased incidence of early G ≥ 2 rectal AEs (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.96), but not of late G ≥ 2 rectal AEs (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.02-2.91). Assuming a comparator risk of 7.1% and 1%, this corresponded to a number needed to treat of 26 patients to avoid one early AE, and 135 pa- tients to avoid one late G ≥ 2 AE, respectively. Randomised clinical trial were at moderate risk of bias due to concerns regarding the concealment of allocation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is evidence that perirectal spacers result in a small decrease in acute rectal toxicity. However, modern RT for clinically localised PCa is generally well-tolerated, and severe AEs are rare. Greater scrutiny of the risks and benefits associated with perirectal spacers is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated chronic lymphocytic leukemia - characteristics and retrospective analysis of the Polish Adult Leukemia Study Group.","authors":"Oktawia Sośnia, Elżbieta Iskierka-Jażdżewska, Anna Puła, Kamil Wiśniewski, Joanna Drozd-Sokołowska, Marta Morawska, Urszula Gosik, Dariusz Woszczyk, Agata Ogłoza, Kamil Wdowiak, Ewa Paszkiewicz-Kozik, Ewa Wąsik-Szczepanek, Mirosław Markiewicz, Magdalena Zawartko, Anna Kokoć, Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz, Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek, Dorota Jesionek-Kupnicka, Marcin Braun, Beata Gierej, Tadeusz Robak, Ewa Lech-Marańda, Bartosz Puła","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.149235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.149235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accelerated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A-CLL) is a rare histological variant of CLL, which is associated with an aggressive clinical presentation and worse prognosis. The aim was to study the characteristics and treatment outcomes of A-CLL patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The retrospective analysis included 106 A-CLL patients treated in Poland between 2013 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median overall survival (OS) for treatment-naive A-CLL was 6.05 years (95% CI: 4.7-NA) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.66 years (95% CI: 4.05-6.34). Factors associated with worse PFS were: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group > 2 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and del17p (<i>p</i> = 0.002). In the whole group, fludarabine-based regimens improved OS (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and PFS (<i>p</i> = 0.002). This therapy proved superior to R-CHOP-like protocols for both OS (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and PFS (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The difference in survival between fludarabine-based regimens and targeted therapy was not significant. However, the group of patients treated with new therapies was very heterogeneous. Fludarabine (p = 0.004) or targeted therapy (<i>p</i> = 0.02) in any line of treatment during acceleration was associated with a reduced risk of death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents one of the largest datasets of A-CLL patients and shows its poorer prognosis compared to typical CLL. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia directed therapy should be considered as a treatment modality of choice for A-CLL. R-CHOP protocols are less effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and smoking intensity in non-small cell lung cancer patients with the anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene.","authors":"Yosuke Maezawa, Manato Taguchi, Takeshi Kawakami, Toshihide Inui, Shinichiro Okauchi, Takeshi Numata, Toshihiro Shiozawa, Kunihiko Miyazaki, Ryota Nakamura, Kesato Iguchi, Takeo Endo, Tohru Sakamoto, Hiroaki Satoh, Nobuyuki Hizawa","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.148231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.148231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is widely accepted that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are more likely to be in their 50s, female, and non-smoking. This seems to be due to the background of patients involved in clinical trials of ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, in daily clinical practice, it is not uncommon to encounter elderly ALK-positive NSCLC patients with a smoking history. In light of this background, we conducted a survey to clarify the clinical backgrounds of ALK-positive patients with NSCLC, particularly regarding age and smoking.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective medical chart survey of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC diagnosed in 2012 to 2024 in our six institutes was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 140 pa-- tients were diagnosed with ALK-positive NSCLC, of which 90 (64.3%) were women. The median age of all 140 pa-- tients was 63 years (range, 26-84 years). Among these 140 patients, 38.6% had a history of smoking. There was a significant difference in the distribution of smokers by sex and age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even among NSCLC patients who are elderly or have a history of smoking, there may be some who miss out on the best possible treatment by exclusion from ALK testing. Discussions considering the efficiency and cost of testing are needed, and it is essential to collect and reanalyse as much information as possible about the clinical characteristics of ALK-positive NSCLC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food interactions with tyrosine kinase inhibitors used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Agata Sałek-Zań, Mirosława Püsküllüoğlu, Karolina Syrek-Kaplita, Tomasz Banaś","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.148229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.148229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal cancer accounts for approximately 4.4% of all malignant tumors worldwide. In the case of tumors limited to the kidney, the primary method of treatment is surgery. For advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of the treatment methods is targeted therapy aimed at molecular targets via tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These drugs are administered orally, significantly improving the comfort of patients. However, for a drug administered in oral form to produce the intended effect in the body, it must undergo many transformations during which it interacts with various chemical compounds. These include other medications taken by the patient and those derived from food. As a result of these interactions, at each stage of the drug's transformation, there may be interactions between that drug and these substances. Information about possible drug-drug interactions is widely available. In contrast, knowledge about drug-food interactions is a relatively new area of medical research. It has been demonstrated that these interactions can affect not only the increased toxicity of the therapy but also its effectiveness. This study reviews the possible interactions of popular food products with TKIs used in RCC treatment, at different stages of drug metabolism, and the possible mechanisms of these interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer, malnutrition and inflammatory biomarkers. Why do some cancer patients lose more weight than others?","authors":"Aleksandra Kapała, Katarzyna Różycka, Ewelina Grochowska, Aleksandra Gazi, Emilia Motacka, Marcin Folwarski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2025.147939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.147939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malnutrition is highly prevalent in cancer patients, significantly influencing their clinical outcomes and prognosis. The study was conducted to investigate the association between inflammatory biomarkers, nutritional status and progression of the disease across various types of cancers.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective data from 200 consecutive Caucasian cancer patients admitted to a major oncology hospital for cancer treatment were analyzed according to age, sex, cancer type, nutritional status (percentage body weight loss - %BWL), body mass index (BMI), percentage of dietary intake from the calculated requirement for nutrients (%DI)), and laboratory results (albumin levels, total protein concentration, C-reactive protein - CRP). Inflammatory biomarkers such as prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prognostic nutritional index (ρ = -0.464, <i>p</i> < 0.001), PLR (ρ = 0.293, <i>p</i> = 0.019), albumin level (ρ = -0.490, <i>p</i> < 0.001), platelet count (ρ = 0.114, <i>p</i> = 0.370), neutrophil count (ρ = 0.273, <i>p</i> = 0.030), CRP (ρ = 0.293, <i>p</i> = 0.019) and lymphocyte count (ρ = -0.288, <i>p</i> = 0.021) were significantly associated with %BWL. No significant association was found with NLR. Cancer dissemination was significantly associated with PNI (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98), PLR (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), albumin (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80-0.93), platelet count (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), %BWL (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and %DI (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99) but not with NLR, total protein level, total lymphocyte count, or BMI. For patients with albumin levels below 35 g/l, the likelihood of disseminated cancer was more than five times higher (OR: 5.45, 95% CI: 2.05-14.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intensity of inflammation may be responsible for the severity of malnutrition and cancer prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49354,"journal":{"name":"Wspolczesna Onkologia-Contemporary Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}