Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie最新文献

{"title":"Schizophrenie","authors":"W. Gaebel","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1669680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80542744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain stimulation methods for patients with schizophrenia – new therapies on the horizon?","authors":"A. Hasan, U. Palm, F. Padberg, T. Wobrock","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672285","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques offer new promising treatment options in schizophrenia. However, the evidence from meta-analyses and randomized clinical studies is limited. Results: For repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) the clinical efficacy is highest for the 1-Hz rTMS over the left temporal cortex to improve auditory hallucinations, nevertheless there are studies showing no benefit. For negative symptoms rTMS could be offered keeping in mind the good tolerability. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has a good risk-benefit ratio, but the evidence for schizophrenia symptoms is still derived from small sample studies. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment option with the highest clinical efficacy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, catatonia or other defined treatment circumstances, but has more adverse side effects. More research is needed to understand which stimulation technique could be recommended for a certain patient.","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90046238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving outcomes: Factors influencing help-seeking behaviors in immigrants and ethnic minorities with first-episode psychosis","authors":"I. Melle, A. Berg, K. Leopold, S. Zarafonitis-Müller, M. Nerhus, L. Stouten, A. Bechdolf","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672286","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Background: Immigrants have increased risk of a poor recovery from first episode psychosis (FEP). Early treatment can improve prognosis, but having an immigrant background may influence pathways to care. Method: We present research of service use and factors influencing treatment outcome in immigrants with FEP. Service use was assessed in in-patients at an early intervention center in Berlin, Germany. Duration of untreated psychosis and beliefs about illness was assessed in a FEP study in Oslo, Norway and cognitive functioning in patients with FEP schizophrenia from the regular mental health services in The Hague, the Netherlands. The proportion of immigrants in Berlin and Oslo was at level with the local populations, while the proportion in The Hague appeared to be higher. Result: There were clear indications that mental health literacy, probably based in different cultural expectations, were lower in first generation immigrants (FGI). Findings regarding clinical insight were ambiguous. There were also indications that FGI had more cognitive problems, based in higher stress levels or in cognitive styles. Early psychosis services must take issues of immigration and ethnicity into consideration.","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90692484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ROAMER project – future directions and their implementation","authors":"Stefano R Belli, T. Wykes, J. Haro","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672288","url":null,"abstract":"4. It will be important to perform studies that help to identify the scope of eMental health interventions in the delivery of psychosocial interventions. A recent EPA guidance paper on eMental health interventions has presented a number of recommendations (2). It will be important to establish the scope of eMental health in fields such as, e.g., psychoeducation, self-help, peer support and illness management. 5. There are good reasons to monitor the effects of guideline recommendations on psychosocial interventions on both process (clinician/ team behavior) and patient outcomes. Current evidence suggests that the desired (process and patient) outcome effects of guideline implementation cannot be taken for granted, and thus, researchers in the field should strive for rigorous testing of individual measures and programmes implementing guidelines in routine care.","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aus Forschung und Industrie","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87518863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors and mechanisms of conversion to psychosis","authors":"Tyrone D. Cannon","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672283","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Background: Identifying predictors and elucidating mechanisms underlying onset of psychosis are critical for the development of preventive interventions. Methods: This paper reviews findings on risk prediction algorithms and potential mechanisms of onset in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Results: An independently validated individualized risk calculator is available that incorporates risk factors from clinical, demographic, neurocognitive, and psychosocial assessments to predict likelihood of conversion to psychosis among individuals who meet criteria for a prodromal risk syndrome. At risk individuals who convert to psychosis show a steeper rate of gray matter reduction, most prominent in prefrontal cortex, compared with those who do not. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines at baseline predicted the accelerated reduction in prefrontal gray matter. These same markers are associated with microglial-mediated synaptic pruning and dendritic retraction in animal models. Conclusions: Processes that modulate microglial activation, such as dysregulated immune function and deficient synaptic plasticity, may represent convergent mechanisms that influence brain dysconnectivity and risk for onset of psychosis.","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81935928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where should we put the focus of schizophrenia research in the next five years?","authors":"T. Becker, U. Gühne, K. Stengler, S. Riedel-Heller","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1672287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1672287","url":null,"abstract":"Die Psychiatrie 2016; 13: 158–159 P et al. (6) have argued in a recent editorial, that there is a false belief that psychotherapy is a psychosocial treatment whereas pharmacotherapy is a biological treatment. The authors argued that this assertion is not held out by cognitive neuroscience which suggests that both work on neurocognitive processes corresponding to complex functional disturbance and mental illness symptoms. In that perspective, future research to clarify treatment effects would have to combine biological, neurocognitive, imaging and social parameters with the ultimate aim of building effective systems of care. In a recent debate, Kendall et al. (3) have taken issue with an editorial that commented on the 2014 NICE guideline on psychosis and schizophrenia, compared it with its equivalent 2013 Scottish guideline and retained that the NICE guideline was biased towards psychosocial treatments and against drug treatments. In response to that critique, Kendall et al. (3) argued that, in fact, the NICE guideline had more rigorous methodology than the Scottish guideline, and that the authors of the editorial appeared to have succumbed to bias themselves. This suggests that the issue of weighing the evidence on pharmacological and psychosocial interventions is complex and may be contentious. Therefore, valid methods of weighing the evidence and of translating guideline recommendations into mental health care practice should be prioritized. In this comment, the following five specific topics are considered of importance in moving the field forward: 1. The case of supported employment (SE) in getting people with schizophrenia into competitive employment has been eloquently put in recent years by authors from the United States, and there is accruing evidence from other countries in support of this intervention that aims at direct labor market integration for people with psychosis who seek work and are offered ongoing support by both SE workers and community mental health teams. There have been recent efforts at weighing the evidence (Kinoshita et al. 2013). The focus, in research, should continue to be on rigorous testing in non-US settings and on identifying barriers to implementation in European labor market and mental health settings. 2. There is a shortage of high-quality research on how best to provide adequate housing to people with schizophrenia. The case of supported housing (SH) is eloquently put by studies such as the At Home/ Chez Soi project in Canada (http://www.mentalhealthcommis sion.ca/English/system/files/private/document/ mhcc_at_home_report_national_cross-site_eng_2.pdf), and there is substantial implementation and research interest of SH-type models outside North America. Supported housing, a model combining a normal tenant role, focus on client control, social inclusion and in vivo learning with flexible community services and support should be tested in European settings. This would help move ahead in an area of research t","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80391891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Behandlung der ADHS im Erwachsenenalter mit retardiertem Methylphenidat","authors":"E. Ahlers","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672291","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter ist mit verhaltensbezogenen und psychopharmakologischen Maßnahmen symptomatisch behandelbar. Die Ätiologie der Störung ist noch nicht zur Gänze geklärt, wobei genetische Faktoren einen großen Stellenwert einnehmen. Neurobiologisch wird ein Defizit dopaminerger und noradrenerger Funktionen modellhaft angenommen. Zur pharmakologischen Behandlung stehen mehrere Substanzen zur Verfügung. Zugelassen sind aktuell in Deutschland zur Neueinstellung im Erwachsenenalter retardierte Methylphenidate (Medikinet® adult, Ritalin® adult) und Atomoxetin (Strattera®). Eine Behandlung mit Methylphenidat retard gilt als erste Wahl. Methylphenidat wird dabei die Wirkung im Sinne eines starken Dopamin- und Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmers als ursächlich für den therapeutischen Effekt zugeschrieben. Unerwünschte Wirkungen in der Behandlung mit Methylphenidat ergeben sich vordringlich aus den sympathomimetischen peripheren Effekten. An ein Missbrauchspotenzial und mögliche depressiogene Effekte sollte gedacht werden. Daten aus Langzeitstudien lassen bei guter Verträglichkeit auf eine zuverlässige positive Wirkung auf die Kernsymptomatik, den Komorbiditätsstatus sowie auf assoziierte Probleme bei ADHS schließen. Es besteht weiterhin großer Forschungsbedarf was die Ursachen der Störung sowie die genaue Wirkungsweise der Substanzen angeht.","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87188300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schizophrenia research priorities from the viewpoint of patients/relatives","authors":"B. Johnson","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1672289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672289","url":null,"abstract":"5. Millan MJ, Agid Y, Brüne M, Bullmore ET, Carter CS, Clayton NS, Young LJ (2012). Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2012; 11(2): 141–168. http://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3628 6. Söderlund J, Wicks S, Jörgensen L, Dalman C. Comparing cohort incidence of schizophrenia with that of bipolar disorder and affective psychosis in individuals born in Stockholm County 2015; 1955–1967. Psychological Medicine, 45(16), 3433–9. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001336 7. Turner DT, van der Gaag M, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P. Psychological interventions for psychosis: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2014; 171(5): 523–538. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/ MED/24525715 8. van den Heuvel MP, Sporns O. Rich-club organization of the human connectome. The Journal of Neuroscience 2011; 31(44): 15775–15786. http://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3539–11.2011 9. Wittchen H-U, Knappe S, Andersson G, Araya R, Banos Rivera RM, Barkham M, Schumann G. The need for a behavioural science focus in research on mental health and mental disorders. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 2014; 23(S1): 28–40. http://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1409 10.Wooding S, Pollitt A, Castle-Clarke S, Cochrane G, Diepeveen S, Guthrie S, Grant J. Mental Health Retrosight: Understanding the returns from research (lessons from schizophrenia). Santa Monica, CA 2013. 11.Wykes T, Haro JM, Belli SR, Obradors-Tarragó C, Arango C, AyusoMateos JL, Wittchen H-U. Mental health research priorities for Europe. The Lancet. Psychiatry 2015; 2(11): 1036–1042. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2215–0366(15)00332–6 12.Wykes T, Steel C, Everitt B, Tarrier N. Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Schizophrenia: Effect Sizes, Clinical Models, and Methodological Rigor. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008; 34(3): 523–537. http://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm114 13.Dayalu P, Chou KL. Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and their management. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2008; 9(9): 1451–1462. 14. Lazarus JH. Lithium and thyroid. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2009; 23(6): 723–733. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2009.06.002","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85652923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding walkability and walking rates in Berlin: an urban form and street pattern comparison","authors":"Alvaro Valera Sosa, C. Nickl-Weller","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1670123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670123","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Background: This descriptive study provides information indicative of the interaction between physical features of neighbourhood environments with health behaviours such as walking and biking which consequently affect disease rates related to lifestyle. Aim: Through a summary of systematic observations at two urban scales, the macro and mesolevels, a neighbourhood comparison was realized in Berlin, Germany, to explore how urban forms and street patterns can support walking or biking, or not, despite seasonal variations, socio-economic status, cultural backdrop or individual decisions to walk. For this study, a conceptual evaluation framework was conceived and structured to assess secondary data from public databases, conveniently decreasing time and costs. Result: The framework and preliminary results of the work aim to be a significant endeavour in promoting transdisciplinarity among researchers and practitioners mainly from public health, architecture, urban planning and design fields.","PeriodicalId":49348,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Neurologie Und Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74648570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}