Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Comparative distribution and population genetics of bisexual and parthenogenetic Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) in the Republic of Korea","authors":"Jiseok Kim ,&nbsp;Donghun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Asian longhorned tick (<em>Haemaphysalis longicornis</em>) is an ectoparasite that transmits several pathogens, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, to humans and animals. Wild populations of <em>H. longicornis</em> are maintained by both bisexual and asexual reproductive strategies. This study examined the geographical distribution and genetic differentiation of bisexual and parthenogenetic <em>H. longicornis</em> populations collected from 12 cities across the Republic of Korea: Chuncheon (CC), Sokcho (SC), Samcheok (SCH), Ganghwa (GH), Sangju (SJ), Ulsan (US), Jinju (JNJ), Boryeong (BR), Gochang (GC), Jindo (JD), Jeju (JJ), and Seogwipo (SG). Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, parthenogenetic and bisexual individuals were found to coexist at varying proportions depending on the region. Parthenogenetic individuals were more dominant in the northeastern regions (CC, US, SJ, SC, GH, and SCH), while bisexual individuals were more abundant in the southwestern regions (SG, BR, JD, JJ, GC, and JNJ). Population genetic analysis based on concatenated mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome B (CytB) genes revealed that the genetic structure of female ticks was primarily influenced by their reproductive strategy (bisexual or parthenogenetic), rather than by geographic origin. Demographic analysis detected evidence of population expansion in both northeastern (CC, SC, and SCH) and southwestern (JD and SG) regions. These findings enhance the understanding of <em>H. longicornis</em> population dynamics in the Republic of Korea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of Lyme borreliosis clinical manifestations in Denmark, Ireland and Sweden based on publicly-available Lyme neuroborreliosis data","authors":"Gordon Brestrich ,&nbsp;Madiha Shafquat ,&nbsp;Frederick J. Angulo ,&nbsp;Alexander Davidson ,&nbsp;Ye Tan ,&nbsp;Kate Halsby ,&nbsp;Julie Davis ,&nbsp;Jennifer C Moïsi ,&nbsp;James H. Stark","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and can manifest as localized erythema migrans (EM) or further disseminate into Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), Lyme arthritis (LA) or other manifestations. However, public health surveillance in Denmark and Ireland only captures LNB, while published LB data for Sweden only includes LNB. To enhance the understanding of LB disease burden in these countries, this study aimed to estimate LB incidence by clinical manifestation using the ratio of each manifestation to LNB. These ratios were derived using random effects meta-analysis of published data from other European countries. We estimated the ratios for EM/LNB, LA/LNB and other manifestations/LNB to be 42.8 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 36.4–50.4), 0.9 (95 % CI: 0.7–1.0), and 0.8 (95 % CI; 0.4–1.4), respectively. Applying these ratios to the LNB incidence resulted in an estimated overall LB incidence of 151.5 cases per 100,000 population per year (PPY) in Denmark, 285.2 per 100,000 PPY in Sweden and 9.5 per 100,000 PPY in Ireland. These correspond to &gt;36,000 LB cases per year compared to approximately 800 LNB cases reported in these three countries. Furthermore, the estimated incidence of disseminated manifestations was 8.7 and 16.4 per 100,000 PPY in Denmark and Sweden, respectively. These estimates across LB manifestations highlight the LB health burden on the national healthcare systems. Future studies that directly estimate the incidence of medically-attended LB from healthcare registries, claims data or administrative medical records may help validate these estimates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus in Norway","authors":"Andrea Cotes-Perdomo ,&nbsp;Arnulf Soleng ,&nbsp;Kristian Alfsnes ,&nbsp;Åshild Andreassen","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution range of the taiga tick, <em>Ixodes persulcatus</em>, has increased in the last decade in Northern Europe. We performed samplings at nine locations in Nordland County, east and northeast of Brønnøysund, south of the Arctic Circle in July 2023. Four of 62 ticks collected were identified as <em>I. persulcatus</em> (one female, two males and one nymph), the remaining were identified as <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> (9 females, 2 males and 47 nymphs). This is the first report of <em>I. persulcatus</em> in Norway. Given the importance of <em>I. persulcatus</em> as vector of <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato and more pathogenic subtypes of the tick-borne encephalitis virus, more research should be done focusing on its distribution, ecology and associated pathogens in Norway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Borrelia in Australia: Isolation, genomic characterisation, and host and vector associations","authors":"Alexander W. Gofton ,&nbsp;Makenna Short ,&nbsp;Michelle Michie ,&nbsp;Dakota Gallaway ,&nbsp;Ina Smith ,&nbsp;Kim Blasdell ,&nbsp;Anjana Karawita ,&nbsp;Melissa J. Klein ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Herbert ,&nbsp;Stephen C. Barker","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Borrelia</em> are tick-borne spirochetes that include important pathogens that cause Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fevers. While multiple <em>Borrelia</em> species have been identified in Australia, further research is needed to understand their ecological roles and potential zoonotic risks. This study aimed to isolate and characterise two Australian <em>Borrelia</em> species—<em>Borrelia tachyglossi</em> and <em>Borrelia</em> sp. HB—through <em>in vitro</em> culture, genomic sequencing, and molecular surveys of ticks and vertebrate hosts. Despite extensive efforts, <em>Borrelia</em> sp. HB could not be cultured from <em>Haemaphysalis bancrofti</em> ticks, and its prevalence in questing ticks was low (0.14 %). Additionally, molecular screening of 504 wildlife hosts found no evidence of <em>Borrelia</em> sp. HB infection, suggesting a cryptic or highly restricted enzootic cycle. In contrast, <em>B. tachyglossi</em> was successfully cultured from <em>Bothriocroton concolor</em> ticks collected from echidnas (<em>Tachyglossus aculeatus</em>), enabling complete genome sequencing. Complement-mediated bactericidal assays demonstrated that <em>B. tachyglossi</em> is highly susceptible to human innate immunity, indicating it is unlikely to be pathogenic. Molecular surveys of wildlife-associated ticks revealed a broad diversity of reptile-associated <em>Borrelia</em> species in monitor lizards and snakes, reinforcing the hypothesis that Australian <em>Borrelia</em> persist in host-specific enzootic cycles. Our findings confirm that <em>Borrelia</em> species in Australia belong exclusively to the relapsing fever and reptile-associated clades, with no evidence of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> sensu lato. These results improve our understanding of <em>Borrelia</em> diversity in Australia and highlight the need for further research into their ecology, vector competence, and evolutionary history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subolesin gene structure and mRNA isoform diversity in South African R. microplus ticks: Relevance for understanding subolesin-based tick vaccines","authors":"Elsje Christine Rabie,&nbsp;Christine Maritz-Olivier","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing a universal vaccine against ticks, capable of protecting a wide range of species, has long been an appealing goal. One antigen that has been proposed for a universal tick vaccine is Subolesin. Despite its intracellular and mostly nuclear location, this antigen has seen some success in bovine vaccine trials. The mechanism behind the observed efficacy remains elusive and may be due to various isoforms being produced in tick cells. By means of RNA sequencing and mapping to the annotated genome of <em>R. microplus</em>, this study confirms the presence of a single <em>subolesin</em> gene along with four distinct transcripts, resulting in three protein variants. However, none of the putative protein variants have extracellular location signals or known functional motifs. Furthermore, this study offers insights into the antigenic diversity of Subolesin isoforms and their expression across multiple life stages in <em>R. microplus</em> ticks from South Africa. This study also raise the question regarding the contrast between Subolesin's nuclear location, function, and its observed efficacy in bovine vaccine trials as an antigen accessible to the host immune system. Future studies evaluating antisera cross-reactivity with other tick proteins is therefore essential to fully understand subolesin as a protective antigen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of phoretic deutonymphs of Thyreophagus corticalis (Michael, 1885) (Acari: Acaridae) on Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ixodida: Ixodidae)","authors":"Diana Rueda-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Sara Weilage ,&nbsp;Anna Obiegala ,&nbsp;Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ,&nbsp;Martin Pfeffer","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phoretic deutonymphs of <em>Thyreophagus corticalis</em> (Michael, 1885) were found associated with a male and nymphs of <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> during a sampling conducted in May 2024 in the district of Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, using the flagging method. A total of six deutonymphs were detected on four of the 652 ticks collected at four out of 25 sampling sites, indicating a geographically restricted and low incidence. This account is the first report of a phoretic association of <em>T. corticalis</em> with <em>I. ricinus.</em> We consider this phoretic association likely to be coincidental, possibly resulting from the ticks coming into contact with organic or decaying material at these four sampling sites where <em>T. corticalis</em> populations occurred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural changes in the midgut of Ixodes ricinus nymphs across feeding and digestion stages","authors":"Veronika Urbanová ,&nbsp;Marie Vancová ,&nbsp;František Kitzberger ,&nbsp;Jiří Týč ,&nbsp;Tomáš Bílý ,&nbsp;Tereza Kozelková ,&nbsp;Petr Kopáček ,&nbsp;Daniel Sojka","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks rely on host blood as their primary source of nutrients and energy. In hard ticks (Ixodidae), a single blood meal per life stage supports survival, metamorphosis, and, in females, egg production. The midgut, the major metabolic organ, is responsible for both digestion and nutrient storage. While previous studies have described tick midgut histology, many foundational works, often decades old, lacked modern histochemical, immunohistochemical, and high-resolution imaging techniques. Moreover, inconsistent nomenclature of midgut cells across species complicates comparative analyses. We herein chronologically examined structural changes in <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> nymphal midgut tissue before, during, and after feeding. Using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we monitored lipid droplet dynamics and the uptake of blood-derived proteins, including hemoglobin and serum albumin. To further investigate endocytic processes, we employed serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and TEM tomography, focusing on midgut samples from nymphs fed for 48 h. These approaches allowed us to visualize in 3D hemoglobin and albumin uptake from the gut lumen and their intracellular distribution within the nymphal caecum and midgut cells. Our findings enhance the understanding of tick gut cell biology, particularly nutrient processing and energy metabolism, providing a foundation for future research on tick physiology and vector competence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The real-time PCR targeting the phage terminase (terL) is not suitable for diagnostics of human Borrelia infections in Europe","authors":"Manja Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Gabriele Margos ,&nbsp;Christine Hartberger ,&nbsp;Reto Lienhard ,&nbsp;Anna J. Henningsson ,&nbsp;Malin Lager ,&nbsp;Mateusz Markowicz ,&nbsp;Anna-Margarita Schötta ,&nbsp;Andreas Sing ,&nbsp;Benoit Jaulhac ,&nbsp;Per-Eric Lindgren ,&nbsp;Alje P. van Dam ,&nbsp;Joppe W.R. Hovius ,&nbsp;Volker Fingerle","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria of the <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato (sl) species complex can cause Lyme borreliosis (LB) in humans. PCR plays an important role in the diagnosis of many infectious diseases but it is used auxiliary in LB diagnostics. Here, we re-analysed a previously published real-time PCR targeting the multicopy gene of the large subunit of phage terminase (<em>terL</em>) in <em>Borrelia</em>. We analysed cultured material of <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sl species, serum and clinical tissue samples of LB patients. PCR conditions were as previously described by Shan et al. 2021 but we also investigated PCR modifications.</div><div>PCR on cultured specimens showed that whilst all samples of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> sensu stricto (ss) gave a positive result, not all isolates of <em>Borrelia</em> species causing LB in Europe (i.e. <em>B. afzelii, B. garinii</em>) were detected by the <em>terL</em> PCR. Only slight differences in Ct values were detected between PCR runs using the original ZEN/IFBQ double quencher probe compared to other double quencher probes or single quencher probes. Contrary to the hypothesis expressed by the authors of the original paper that the PCR could detect phage DNA in serum, our data show that the <em>terL</em> PCR was negative on all tested serum samples of individuals diagnosed with proven LB. Furthermore, using patient’s tissue samples not all infections with <em>B. afzelii</em> or <em>B. garinii</em> were detected, similar to the results obtained with cultured material or serial DNA dilutions of <em>Borrelia</em> species. We conclude, that the <em>terL</em> PCR in its current form is unsuitable for LB diagnosis in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus rutilus ticks from dogs to different acaricides","authors":"Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos ,&nbsp;Filipe Dantas-Torres ,&nbsp;Nicola Pugliese ,&nbsp;Mara Miglianti ,&nbsp;Wafa Rhimi ,&nbsp;Claudia Cafarchia ,&nbsp;Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brown dog ticks (<em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> sensu lato) are widespread ectoparasites of dogs and may also infest other vertebrate hosts, including humans. The control of these ticks is primarily carried out using acaricides. In this study, we assessed the susceptibility of <em>Rhipicephalus rutilus</em> to different acaricides (i.e., amitraz, fipronil, ivermectin, and permethrin). Engorged female ticks (<em>n</em> = 36) were divided into three groups based on their origin (i.e., G1 – untreated dogs from a private shelter; G2 – permethrin-treated private dog shelter; and G3 - fipronil, amitraz, and (<em>S</em>)-methoprene treated owned dogs) and kept under controlled temperature and humidity for oviposition. The acaricidal effects of amitraz (AMZ), fipronil (FIP), ivermectin (IVM), and permethrin (PTR) against <em>R. rutilus</em> were evaluated using the larval packet test, with subgroups of tick larvae in each experimental assay. Our data indicate that <em>R. rutilus</em> larvae from all dog groups were susceptible to IVM. In particular, larvae from G1 were apparently susceptible to IVM and PTR, and tolerant to AMZ and FIP; larvae from G2 were susceptible to FIP and IVM and resistant to AMZ and PTR, while larvae from G3 were susceptible to AMZ, PTR and IVM, and resistant to FIP. These results confirm the occurrence of resistance to AMZ, PTR, and FIP in <em>R. rutilus</em> larvae from southern Italy. This suggests the need to monitor acaricide resistance in brown dog ticks in southern Europe to develop better strategies for the long-term control of ticks in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaplasma capra and Haemaphysalis concinna: Investigating a potential vector relationship in a wildlife reserve","authors":"Maggy Jouglin ,&nbsp;Barbara Blanc ,&nbsp;Alice Brunet ,&nbsp;Katia Ortiz ,&nbsp;Laurence Malandrin","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, <em>Anaplasma capra</em>, a new member of the Anaplasmataceae, has been described in Asia and Europe. This pathogen infects a range of hosts, including small ruminants, cervids, and humans, and has been detected across several tick genera. In this study, we aimed to identify potential transmission vectors of <em>A. capra</em> by screening questing ticks from a wild fauna reserve where it had previously been detected in its red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) and swamp deer (<em>Rucervus duvaucelii</em>) populations. DNA of <em>Anaplasma capra</em> was sought in the dissected salivary glands of 198 adult questing <em>Haemaphysalis concinna</em> and 74 adult questing <em>Haemaphysalis inermis</em> ticks, which were collected from vegetation by visual inspection. <em>Anaplasma capra</em> was detected in the salivary glands of a single female <em>H. concinna</em>, suggesting potential vector competence for this pathogen. Sequences of the gltA and 16S rRNA genes from this sample were identical to those previously obtained from deer blood samples within the reserve. We also confirmed the circulation of <em>A. capra</em> in additional red deer within the reserve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}