Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Microbial activity records in Marinoan Snowball Earth postglacial transition layers connecting diamictite with cap carbonate (Otavi Group, NW-Namibia)","authors":"I. Gyollai, M. Polgári, K. Fintor, E. Pál-Molnár, F. Popp, C. Koeberl","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2017.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2017.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerns the microbial mat formation in postglacial layers of the Marinoan Snowball Earth glaciation. A high resolution investigation was carried out on the transition layers of Ghaub to Maieberg Formation (start of Keilberg Member) of the Otavi Group in NW-Namibia (Neoproterozoic). Macroscopic characterization, optical rock microscopy, XRD mineralogy, Raman spectroscopy investigations were done and geochemical (major and trace element content) as well as carbonate carbon isotopic data were collected. Three types of microbial contributions were determined: (1) primary, synsedimentary Fe-rich biomats; (2) secondary biomats from biodegradation of Fe-bearing minerals (pyrite, chlorite); and (3) pseudo-secondary structures coating on clasts. These microbial mats of iron-oxidizing bacteria consumed iron from different sources, such as hydrothermal solutions or ironbearing minerals. On the basis of the morphology of Fe-biomats, and the mineralogical and geochemical signatures, we suggest that the Marinoan postglacial transition layers (Ghaub-Maieberg boundary) formed under neutral, suboxic conditions in brackish water at the studied locality.____________________________________________________________________________________ Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Volume 110/1 Vienna 2017 Microbial activity records in Marinoan Snowball Earth postglacial transition layers connecting diamictite with cap carbonate (Otavi Group, NW-Namibia)__________________________________________ 1)2) 2)3)*) 4) 4) 5) 1)6) Ildikó GYOLLAI , Márta POLGÁRI , Krisztián FINTOR , Elemér PÁL-MOLNÁR , Friedrich POPP & Christian KOEBERL 1) Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; 2) Research Center for Astronomy and Geosciences, Geobiomineralization and Astrobiological Research Group, Institute for Geology and 2) Geochemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1112 Budapest, Budaörsi str. 45, Hungary; 3) Eszterházy Károly University, Dept. of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, Leányka str. 6, 3300 Eger, Hungary; 4) Szeged University, Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Egyetem str. 2-6, 6702 Szeged, Hungary; 5) Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; 6) Natural History Museum, Vienna, A-1010 Burgring 7, Vienna, Austria; *) Corresponding author, rodokrozit@gmail.com Snowball Earth; deglaciation; microbial mats; iron-oxidizing bacteria; biodegradation; cap carbonate; Otavi Group; NW-Namibia","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients requiring hospital admission to treat eosinophilic and neutrophilic exacerbations of COPD.","authors":"Hye Seon Kang, Chin Kook Rhee, Sung Kyoung Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Sang Haak Lee, Hyung Kyu Yoon, Joong Hyun Ahn, Yong Hyun Kim","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S116072","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S116072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with eosinophilic and neutrophilic COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective multicenter study performed between January 2010 and December 2014. In all, 1,688 COPD patients admitted via the outpatient clinics or emergency departments of six university hospitals were enrolled. The patients were grouped by complete blood counts: eosinophilic group, >2% peripheral blood eosinophils, and neutrophilic group, >65% peripheral blood neutrophils or >11,000 leukocytes/mL. The patients with radiographic evidence of pneumonia at the time of admission, those with lung cancer, those admitted for treatment of other medical problems, and those who chronically used steroids were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 605 patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbations (177 eosinophilic and 380 neutrophilic) were included. Pulmonary functions, including the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity, were better in patients with eosinophilic exacerbations. Treatment outcomes, including the rate of admission to the intensive care unit and mortality, were poorer in patients with neutrophilic exacerbations (4.5% vs 12.4%, <i>P</i>=0.004; 1.1% vs 4.5%, <i>P</i>=0.043, respectively). Congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR] =3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-9.01) and neutrophilic exacerbation (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.21-6.52) were independent risk factors for intensive care unit admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COPD patients with neutrophilic exacerbations experienced worse clinical outcomes than did those with eosinophilic exacerbations. The peripheral blood eosinophil count may be a useful predictor of clinical progress during hospitalization of COPD patients with acute exacerbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"112 1","pages":"2467-2473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78826688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary evolution of the inner Riss Valley, Tyrol (Austria) – an integrated sedimentological and geophysical case study","authors":"D. Mair, W. Chwatal, P. Reimer, C. Spötl","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0021","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of a study examining Quaternary sediments in the central and inner Riss Valley of the Karwendel Mountains, Tyrol. By using geological mapping, seismic and geoelectrical surveys, as well as shallow drilling and radiocarbon dating we investi gated the sedimentary evolution of this previously poorly studied area. At Großer Ahornboden, seismic data reveal a glacially carved bedrock surface, buried beneath up to 140 m of sediments. The lowest sediment sequence consists of consolidated sediments showing high seismic velocities (2750 m/s) and reaching a thickness of 115 m. The overlying uncompacted sequence yielded lower velocity values (500 to 1100 m/s) and is interpreted as Holocene valley fill, with sediment derived from Rissbach river, small talus screes and debris-flow fans from tributary creeks. Up to 10-m-thick deposits of a Holocene paleolake, dammed by a large Lateglacial terminal moraine ridge, are present at the northern rim of Großer Ahornboden. Radiocarbon dates constrain the duration of this lake to between 10.5-10.2 and 5.5-5.3 cal ka BP. Lacustrine sediments pinch out in the subsurface just below the small fan leading down from Tränkkarl. In the central Riss Valley over 100 m thick, consolidated sediments of a proglacial delta are exposed. This delta complex consists of bottomset silts and thick foreset gravel and is overlain by diamict forming poorly developed moraine ridges of Lateglacial origin. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine Studie quartärer Sedimente des mittleren und inneren Risstales im Karwendelgebirge in Tirol. Mithilfe von geologischer Kartierung, seismischen Untersuchungen, Widerstandsgeolektrik, Rammkernsondierung sowie Radio karbondatierung wird die Sedimentationsgeschichte des bisher spärlich untersuchten Gebietes beleuchtet. Im Bereich des Großen Ahornbodens offenbaren die seismischen Daten eine bis zu 140 m tief unter Sedimenten begrabene, glazial geformte Felsoberfläche. Die tiefsten, bis zu 115 m mächtigen, konsolidierten Sedimente weisen hohe seismische Wellengeschwindigkeiten (2750 m/s) auf. Die überlagernden, nicht verfestigten Sedimente zeigen deulich geringere Geschwindigkeiten (500 – 1000 m/s) und werden als holozäne Talfüllung gedeutet, die durch den Rissbach in Verbindung mit Schuttkegeln sowie durch lokale Schwemmfächer gebildet wurde. Bis zu 10 m mächtige holozäne Seesedimente finden sich am Nordrand des Großen Ahornbodens, direkt südlich einer spätglazialen Endmoräne, die als Damm des Paläosees fungierte. Radiokarbondatierungen erlauben die zeitliche Einordnung dieser Seephase zwischen 10,5-10,2 und 5,5-5,3 kal ka BP. Die lakustrinen Silte lassen sich nach Süden verfolgen bevor sie im Untergrund im Bereich des kleinen Schwemmfächers unterhalb des Tränkkarls auskeilen. Im zentralen Risstal ist eine verfestige, mehr als 100 m mächtige kaltzeitliche Deltaabfolge bestehend aus Silten (bottomset) und Kiesen (foreset) aufgeschlossen. Diese wird überlagert von einem spätglazialen Diam","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67599582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical denudation rates of a small torrential catchment in the Northern Calcareous Alps","authors":"G. Trost, J. Robl, S. Hilberg, C. Hauzenberger, R. Schmidt, W. Goessler","doi":"10.17738/ajes.2018.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2018.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we present chemical denudation rates derived from measuring the dissolved load of an alpine catchment located in Salzburg, Austria. The catchment has a drainage area of about 7 km2 and is predominantly covered by limestone- rich glacial deposits and carbonate rocks that are characteristic of the Northern Calcareous Alps. To obtain catchment-wide chemical denudation rates, we integrated discharge time series that were measured by a permanent water gauge of the Austrian Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control to compute the total discharge of the investigated catchment over a period of one year. During the same period, samples were taken during several campaigns to consider variations of the dissolved load. Samples were collected at high and low runoff conditions to study the effect of precipitation and at different locations along the tributaries to account for lithological variations of the river beds on the dissolved load. For the investigation period of one year, 2.97 ×106 m3 of discharge was measured at the catchment outlet. The summed cation-concentration varies between about 85 mg/l for dry-conditions and 75 mg/l for rainy-conditions at the gauge and consists predominantly of Ca2+and Mg2+ cations. Based on the total discharge of the river integrated over a period of one year, and the average dissolved load determined from water samples, we obtained a chemical denudation rate of 0.094 mm/a. The results imply that chemical denudation is a significant driver for redistributing mass in carbonate-dominated catchments and might be the dominant erosional process in such settings.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67600397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenal environmental-isotope laboratories 1964-2010 – more than 45 years production / application / interpretation of basic isotope-hydrological data for Central Europe","authors":"D. Rank, S. Wyhlidal, G. Heiss, W. Papesch, Katharina Schott","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrological application of isotope-ratio measurements is based upon variations of H, H and O in the natural water cycle. Main targets of isotope-hydrological projects are the investigation of hydrological relationships, the hydrogeological situation, the residence times of groundwater, and the possible transport of pollutants. Isotope-hydrological data also play an important role in climate research. A good knowledge of the “isotopic environment” is necessary for the interpretation of isotope data. For this purpose, basic isotope data of all parts of the hydrological cycle have been gathered at the Vienna Arsenal for nearly fifty years. The emphasis was on the isotope ratios in precipitation as they represent the input values for isotopic investigations in the terrestrial part of the water cycle. The influence of climatic changes has become observable in the long-term isotope time series of precipitation and surface waters. This influence must also be taken into account when using isotope data from a longer time period in hydrology. Environmental H values were around 10 TU in 2010, while slightly higher values can be observed in hydrological systems which still contain significant water portions from the sixties and seventies. Aside from a survey of the development of the “isotopic environment” in the last decades and a few key results, which helped to understand (isotope)hydrological processes, this paper includes some data sets meant for application purposes. Umweltisotopenlaboratorien im Wiener Arsenal 1964-2010 – mehr als 45 Jahre Produktion / Anwendung / Interpretation von isotopenhydrologischen Basisdaten für Mitteleuropa. Die hydrologische Anwendung von Isotopenverhältnismessungen beruht auf den in natürlichen Wässern auftretenden Häufigkeitsschwankungen von H, H und O. Wichtigste Zielsetzungen von Isotopenuntersuchungen sind die Erforschung hydrologischer Zusammenhänge, der hydrogeologischen Verhältnisse, der Verweilzeit von Grundwässern und die Abschätzung eines möglichen Schadstofftransportes. Isotopenhydrologische Daten spielen auch eine wichtige Rolle in der Klimaforschung. Notwendig für die Inter pretation isotopenhydrologischer Daten ist eine gute Kenntnis der „Isotopenumwelt“. Hierzu wurden am Wiener Arsenal mehr als 45 Jahre lang Isotopenbasisdaten aus allen Teilen des natürlichen Wasserkreislaufes für Österreich erhoben. Der Schwerpunkt wurde dabei auf die Isotopenverhältnisse im Niederschlag gelegt, sie stellen die Eingangsgröße für Isotopenuntersuchungen im terrestrischen Teil des Wasserkreislaufes dar. In den langjährigen Messreihen von Niederschlägen und Oberflächenwässern zeichnet sich in den stabilen Isotopen inzwischen deutlich der Einfluss von Klimaänderungen ab, der auch bei der hydrologischen Verwendung von Isotopendaten aus mehrjährigen Zeiträumen zu berücksichtigen ist. Die H-Werte lagen 2010 um 10 TU, lediglich in hydrologischen Systemen, die noch größere Wasseranteile aus den 60er und 70er Jahren enthalten, sin","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A geological snapshot from the front of the Northern Calcareous Alps: Well Obermoos TH-1, Salzburg, Austria","authors":"G. Wessely, F. Neubauer, B. Salcher, M. Wagreich","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The deep thermal well Obermoos TH-1 (total depth 2468 m, year 1990) was drilled within the Upper Cretaceous Salzburg-Reichenhall basin of the Northern Calcareous Alps at the southwestern edge of Salzburg city, Austria. The lithologic log shows c. 200 m thick Quaternary sediments of the glacially overdeepened Salzach Valley above bedrock. The Quaternary infill is underlain by c. 250 m thick, almost horizontally lying coarse clastics and marls, which belong to the Upper Cretaceous Salzburg-Reichenhall Gosau basin. From 456 m to 2468 m, a steeply dipping, more or less continuous succession from Cenomanian strata to Upper Triassic Hauptdolomit was encountered. This succession is considered being part of the Bajuvaric nappe of the central Northern Calcareous Alps, which is entirely overridden by units of the Tyrolic arc in the study area. The new data from the deep drilling provides (i) new information on depth and filling of the deeper parts of the Pleistocene valley and (ii) new insights into the complex structure of the Bajuvaric nappe. We also discuss a potential fault crossing the Salzburg-Reichenhall basin being part of the Cenozoic Innsbruck-Salzburg-Amstetten fault system. On a larger scale, the Tyrolic unit exposed in the southern margin of the Salzburg-Reichenhall basin and potentially overlying the borehole section must be the same as in the flat-laying Tyrolic nappe found in two deep drill holes, 15 km southeast and 18 km east of the City of Salzburg (Vigaun 1 and Vordersee 1).","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Arteser Aktionsprogramm\" for sustainable deep groundwater resources management, example of the municipality of Grafendorf bei Hartberg","authors":"M. Ferstl","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The department for Water Management, Resources and Sustainability of the Styrian Government, conducted the “Arteser Aktions­ programm” to decommission or redevelop old artesian drillings and / or wells. The activities should ideally lead to an increase in the water levels and flow rate in the redeveloped state of the art artesian wells. The regeneration of deep groundwater systems can primarily be proved in regions where as many wells as possible are profes­ sionally deconstructed or redeveloped. This is documented at the municipality of Grafendorf bei Hartberg, where observation data of the water level and flow rate are available and show impressive results: After the deconstruction of 59 artesian wells in Grafen­ dorf the water levels rose considerably and flow rates in the state of the art wells increased by a factor of 20. So the sustainable application of the “Arteser Aktionsprogramm” could be verified.","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing regional groundwater flow in the Ethiopian Rift: A multimodel approach applied to Gidabo River Basin","authors":"Abraham Mechal, S. Birk, G. Winkler, T. Wagner, A. Mogessie","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Being located in the tectonically active Ethiopian Rift, the hydrogeology of the Gidabo River Basin is complex due to the disruption of lithologies by faults and the variability and lateral discontinuity of the aquifers. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data suggest that the aquifers within the rift floor receive a relevant contribution of groundwater recharged in the highland. However, the incomplete knowledge about the aquifer properties, the hydraulic behavior of the faults, and the boundary conditions cause uncertainties in this conceptual hydrogeological model. To account for these uncertainties fourteen different numerical models with a stepwise increase from 7 to 40 adjustable parameters were developed, calibrated against the same hydraulic head observations, and ranked according to the Akaike information criteria (AIC and AICc) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Based on the information criteria five plausible models were identified, all of which were successfully verified against the river baseflow. The highest likelihood is attributed to a model with eleven adjustable parameters that does not explicitly account for the fault zones; other plausible models considering faults as semi-barriers achieve a slight improvement in model fit but have lower likelihood due to the increased number of calibration parameters. Thus, the effect of faults on groundwater flow needs further investigation, particularly at a local scale. On a regional scale, the hydraulic head distributions of the plausible models agree reasonably well with the equipotential map interpolated from well observations. The estimated transmissivity values range between 30 m2 / day and 1350 m / day and generally increase from the mountains towards the rift floor. The water budget shows that 75 % of the groundwater recharge supplies baseflow to the rivers. The remaining water infiltrates to the deeper aquifers where less than 1 % is abstracted by pumping wells and the rest flows towards Lake Abaya. Within the rift floor, the majority of inflow to the aquifers is from direct recharge; nevertheless, 35 % of the inflow is contributed by mountain block recharge (lateral groundwater flow from the escarpment and highland). The results of this study strongly advocate the idea to incorporate alternative plausible models instead of relying on single models in the practice of groundwater modeling especially in areas of complex hydrogeology and limited data availability. Die Hydrogeologie des im tektonisch aktiven Äthiopischen Graben gelegenen Gidabo-Flusseinzugsgebiets ist aufgrund der störungs bedingten Unterbrechungen der Lithologien sowie der Variabilität und lateralen Diskontinuität der Aquifere komplex. Hydro geochemische und Isotopen-Daten weisen darauf hin, dass in den Aquiferen der Grabensohle ein relevanter Beitrag von Grundwässern vorliegt, die im Hochland neugebildet werden. Die unvollständige Kenntnis der Aquifereigenschaften, der hydraulischen Wirkung der Störungen und der Ra","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of relict rock glaciers on spring and stream flow of alpine watersheds: Examples of the Niedere Tauern Range, Eastern Alps (Austria)","authors":"T. Wagner, Marcus Pauritsch, G. Winkler","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In crystalline mountain regions, relict rock glaciers are apparent sediment accumulations that likely influence the runoff in alpine watersheds as a result of their discharge behavior. However, little is known about their impact on the streamflow further downstream. More than 560 mostly relict rock glacier-related landforms have been identified in the Styrian part of the Niedere Tauern Range (Austria). The catchment of a single relict rock glacier (Schöneben Rock Glacier, SRG), and two catchments with relict rock glaciers in their headwaters were investigated with a simple lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model. The model parameters of the SRG catchment are in agreement with the existing conceptual understanding of the discharge dynamics and provide the parameter configuration to simulate the runoff of ungauged relict rock glacier catchments in the area. In addition, a semi-distributed approach was applied to quantify the impact of relict rock glacier-influenced headwaters on the downstream runoff. The results suggest that the contribution ranges from about a quarter to more than four times its areal share. The highest impact is observed during the late snow melt period and in the late summer. This highlights the relevance of these sediment accumulations in relation to water manage ment issues, in particular concerning altering meteorological conditions due to climate change. Reliktische Blockgletscher sind augenscheinliche Sedimentanhäufungen in kristallinen Gebirgsregionen, die aufgrund ihrer Abflussdynamik die Entwässerung alpiner Einzugsgebiete beeinflussen. Jedoch ist ihre Auswirkung auf unterstromige Gerinne weitgehend unbekannt. Mehr als 560 meist reliktische Blockgletscher sind im Steirischen Anteil der Niederen Tauern (Österreich) ausgewiesen. Ein über einen reliktischen Blockgletscher (Schöneben Blockgletscher, SRG) entwässerndes Einzugsgebiet und zwei Einzugsgebiete, die ihrerseits reliktische Blockgletscher in ihren hoch gelegenen Anteilen beinhalten, wurden mit Hilfe eines einfachen, räumlich nicht aufgelösten (lumped Parameter) Niederschlags-Abflussmodells untersucht. Die Modellparameter des SRG-Einzugsgebiets stimmen mit dem vorliegenden konzeptionellen Modell überein und dienen als Grundlage der Parameterkonfiguration zur Abflusssimulation anderer Blockgletschereinzugsgebiete in der Region, für die keine Abflussdaten zur Verfügung stehen. Zusätzlich wurde ein semi-distributiver Ansatz angewendet, um den Einfluss von Blockgletscher beeinflussten Einzugsgebieten auf die unterstromigen Gerinne zu quantifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Abflussanteil unterstromig von einem Viertel bis zu mehr als dem Vierfachen des Flächenanteils der übergeordneten Einzugsgebiete beträgt. Die höchsten Anteile können gegen Ende der Schneeschmelze und im Spätsommer beobachtet werden. Dies unterstreicht die wasserwirtschaftliche Bedeutung dieser Schuttakkumulationen in alpinen Einzugsgebieten, vor allem unter der Berücksichtigung der sich ändernd","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeology and geothermic simulation of the geothermal doublet at Waldkraiburg (Bavaria)","authors":"J. Goldbrunner, Vilmos Vasvári","doi":"10.17738/AJES.2016.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17738/AJES.2016.0007","url":null,"abstract":"For the geothermal project „Waldkraiburg“ a well doublet was installed for district heating. The study area is located in the rural district of Mühldorf am Inn in Upper Bavaria, some 60 km east of Munich. Due to the intensive exploration activities of the petroleum and gas industry the geological structure of the subsurface is relatively well known. Two deviated drillings, WKB Thermal 1 with a length of 2,839 m MD (2,720 m TVD), and WKB Thermal 2 with a length of 3,360 m MD (2,620 m TVD), were sunk into the fractured limestone-dolomite aquifer (Purbeck-Malm). The distance between the drillings at top aquifer amounts to 2,150 m. The evaluation of the hydraulic tests yields an aquifer transmissivity of 4 to 6x10-4 m / s, and an aquifer thickness of 288 m. The fractured net thickness of the aquifer in WKB Thermal 1 amounts to 53 m (50 % in dolomite) and in WKB Thermal 2 to 44 m (77 % in limestone). The temperature of the minor mineralised water (c= 720 mg / l) at the well head is 106 °C. The temperature at the final depth of the wells corresponds to a geothermal gradient of 4.1 K / 100 m. The basal heat flux at the top of the crystalline was estimated to be 0.097 W / m2. Based on the drilling data, on the geological profiles of the boreholes, and on the results of seismic investigations and structure maps, a 3D structural model was developed and implemented in a 3D flow and heat transport model. After calibration and validation, the model was used to simulate the expected 50-year-operation and the subsequent hydraulic and thermal regeneration of the aquifer. The simulation verified that at a production / reinjection rate of 65 l / s and a reinjection temperature of 50 °C no thermal influence in the production well is to be expected during the operating period. The range of the thermal influence (T > 1°C) in the middle of the aquifer around WKB Thermal 2 remains within a radius of 540 m. Temperatures at the reinjection site are expected to return to levels greater than 100 °C after a period of 2,300 years. Im Rahmen des Geothermieprojektes „Waldkraiburg“ errichteten die Stadtwerke Waldkraiburg GmbH eine Dublette zur Nutzung von geothermalen Wässern aus dem tieferen Untergrund für die Nahund Fernwärmeversorgung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet des Projektes liegt im Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn, in Oberbayern ca. 60 km östlich von München. Durch die intensive Erdölund Erdgasexplorationsund -fördertätigkeit war der geologische Aufbau des Gebietes relativ genau bekannt. Die zwei abgelenkten Bohrungen, WKB Thermal 1 mit einer Länge von 2839 m MD (2720 m TVD) und WKB Thermal 2 mit einer Länge von 3360 m MD (2620 m TVD) wurden in den geklüfteten Kalkstein-Dolomit-Aquifer (Purbeck-Malm) abgeteuft. Die Entfernung der Bohrungen bei Top Aquifer beträgt 2150 m. Die Auswertung der hydraulische Tests ergab eine Transmissivität des Aquifers von T = 4 bis 6x10-4 m / s bei einer Mächtigkeit von 288 m. Die geklüftete Gesamt-Nettomächtigkeit des Aquifers in WKB Thermal 1 beträgt","PeriodicalId":49319,"journal":{"name":"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67598532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}