Acta Geotechnica最新文献

{"title":"Strength enhancement of Ca(OH)2 activated ground granulated blast furnace slag-stabilized dredged sediments using Na2CO3","authors":"Ning Ma,&nbsp;Hailong Ye,&nbsp;Clarence Edward Choi,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02470-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02470-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficiency of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag in stabilizing dredged sediments with high water contents is suboptimal because the activators become diluted. To improve stabilization efficiency, additives such as nano-CaCO₃ are proposed. However, some of the proposed additives may not be practical owing to their high costs. This study experimentally investigates the addition of Na₂CO₃ for the stabilization of dredged sediment with high water contents (i.e., 100%) using Ca(OH)₂-activated slag. Experimental results show the optimal content of Na₂CO₃ to obtain the highest 28-day unconfined compressive strength of stabilized sediments is 0.2% gravimetrically. Below the optimal content, the strength increases with Na₂CO₃ content. Above the optimal content, a decrease in strength is observed. By examining the reaction products and microstructure of the stabilized dredged sediments, it is observed that the coupling mechanism of cation exchange and calcite precipitation promotes the development of finer capillary pores, leading to a reduction in interpore connectivity and lower structural heterogeneity of the fine capillary pores. Experimental evidence from this study broadens the practical applications of sustainable soil stabilization using additives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 2","pages":"945 - 964"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-024-02470-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure analysis of time-delayed collapse triggered by time-dependent fracturing in a deep TBM tunnel","authors":"Chen Fan,&nbsp;Xia-Ting Feng,&nbsp;Zhi-Bin Yao,&nbsp;Lian-Jie Fu,&nbsp;Meng-Fei Jiang,&nbsp;Cheng-Xiang Yang,&nbsp;Jun Zhao,&nbsp;Bin Lv,&nbsp;Jian-Shu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02506-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02506-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the underground engineering advances into the deep, high geostress and complex geological conditions increasingly trigger various time-delayed failures. Recently, a new time-dependent surrounding rock failure, named time-delayed collapse, has been encountered multiple times during the construction of a deep TBM tunnel. This time-delayed failure started from the potential unstable rock mass cut by structural planes and was manifested as the heavy blocks detaching from the surrounding rock eventually due to continuous time-dependent fracturing. The examination of the evolution process indicates that intersecting structural planes in the surrounding rock are critical prerequisites for time-delayed collapse. After excavation, under high geostress and gravity, continuous time-dependent fracturing serves as the intrinsic driver of failure development, leading to significant spatial–temporal lag characteristics. Field monitoring also showed that different geological conditions would result in distinct fracturing characteristics during development. However, compared to rockbursts, the subtle time-dependent deformation or weak microseismic activities in time-delayed collapse areas pose challenges for in prediction or prevention in field monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 3","pages":"1455 - 1470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of scour on the lateral response of piles in sand: centrifuge tests and numerical investigation","authors":"Zengliang Wang,&nbsp;Hang Zhou,&nbsp;Brian Sheil","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02521-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02521-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The results presented in this paper are based on a set of centrifuge model tests (50 g) exploring the lateral behavior of single piles in dense Fujian standard sand subjected to different levels of scouring. The hypoplastic model used to capture the stress–strain response of Fujian sand was calibrated and validated via experimental data, which was subsequently integrated into the ABAQUS finite element software package using the UMAT subroutine facility. A comprehensive numerical investigation was conducted to explore the effect of key pile/soil parameters on the pile load–displacement relationship, bending moment distribution, soil resistance distribution, and resulting <i>p-y</i> curves for different scour hole geometries and sand relative densities. The findings demonstrate that scour changed the pile–soil interaction mode and significantly reduced the lateral bearing capacity of the pile. The effect of scour depth on the lateral bearing capacity of the piles is also shown to be more significant than that of other geometries such as the scour slope angle and the scour hole base width. A novel <i>p-y</i> model appropriate for laterally loaded piles vulnerable to scour conditions is developed by the numerical output from the parametric analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 5","pages":"2093 - 2112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty quantification in data-driven modelling with application to soil properties prediction","authors":"Geng-Fu He,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin,&nbsp;Pin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02484-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02484-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimation of soil properties is crucial for reliability-based design in engineering practices. Conventional empirical equations and prevalent data-driven models rarely consider uncertainty quantification in both measurement and modelling processes. This study tailors three uncertainty quantification methods including Bayesian learning, Markov chain Monte Carlo and ensemble learning into data-driven modelling, in which support vector regression is selected as the baseline algorithm. The compression index of clay is adopted as an example for model training and testing. In this context, Bayesian learning and Markov chain quantify uncertainty by considering the distribution of function and hyper-parameters, respectively, while different sampled data are employed to explore model uncertainty. These models are evaluated in terms of accuracy, reliability and cost-effectiveness and also compared with Gaussian process regression, etc. The results reveal that based on built-in structural risk minimization, sparse solution and uncertainty quantification, developed models can capture more accurate and reliable correlations from actual measured data over other methods. Their practicability and generalization ability are also verified on a new creep index database. The proposed probabilistic methods are also compiled into a user-friendly platform, showing a significant potential to enrich the data-driven modelling framework and be applied in other geotechnical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 2","pages":"843 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A one-phase injection method to improve the strength and uniformity in MICP with polycarboxylic acid added","authors":"Yong-Qiang Zhu,&nbsp;Yu-Jie Li,&nbsp;Xing-Ye Sun,&nbsp;Zhen Guo,&nbsp;Sheng-Jie Rui,&nbsp;Dao-Qiong Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02501-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02501-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production and distribution uniformity of calcium carbonate plays a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Various methods have been proposed to enhance the conversion rate of calcium ions and ensure uniform calcium carbonate distribution. These include multiphase injection methods and one-phase injection methods with environmental factors such as pH and temperature controlled. Polycarboxylic acid, a polymer organic substance rich in carboxylic acid groups, serves as a regulator for the initial precipitation time of calcium carbonate. It aids in increasing the total output of calcium carbonate by complexing calcium ions. This study introduces and investigates a one-phase injection method of MICP with the addition of polycarboxylic acid. The methodology is examined through bacteria growth tests, tube tests, sand column tests, and microscopic analyses. The results indicate that polycarboxylic acid does not exhibit any side effects on <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i> (<i>S. pasteurii</i>). When the urease activity of the bacterial solution is maintained at 15 kU/L and the concentration of the cement solution is 1 mol/L, incorporating a 3% solution of polycarboxylic acid delays the initial precipitation time of calcium carbonate by more than two hours. This delay significantly contributes to improving the uniformity of calcium carbonate distribution, with complete precipitation of calcium ions occurring within 24 h. After five treatment cycles, the unconfined compressive strength of the sand column reaches 2.76 MPa. This method demonstrates promising potential for application in enhancing reinforcement effects and streamlining the reinforcement process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 5","pages":"2279 - 2291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disintegration characteristic of granite residual soil considering pore air escape and different initial states, southern China","authors":"Liping Liao,&nbsp;Changsheng Liu,&nbsp;Faxiong Wu,&nbsp;Shaokun Ma,&nbsp;Yunchuan Yang,&nbsp;Zhengwei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02515-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02515-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The disintegration and softening of the granite residual soil (GRS) often occur, and the resulting geological disasters pose a serious threat to the safety of human life and property. Soil disintegration is accompanied by the escape of pore air. However, the existing methods cannot monitor pore air escape in real time, nor can they reflect the actual disintegration process of the GRS. In this paper, a self-invented instrument was adopted to monitor the pore air escape and disintegration processes of the GRS. The formula of pore air escape rate was established and employed to modify the formula of the existing disintegration ratio. The influence mechanism of initial moisture content and dry density on the disintegration morphology, ratio, and process were revealed. The disturbance effect of pore air escape on soil structure causes the separation of surface fine particles from the parent, and the formation of micro-cracks, which is conducive to water infiltration. The main causes of GRS disintegration are the decrease of suction stress between soil particles, the dissolution of cement and the compression of pore air. The pore air escape rate changes rapidly at the beginning and gently at the end of the disintegration process. This results in rapid, incremental, and stable complete types of the disintegration behaviors. Increasing the initial water content from 5 to 25% can increase the average disintegration rate and shorten the disintegration time. When the initial dry density increases from 1.2 to 1.6 g·cm⁻³, the average disintegration rate decreases and the disintegration is delayed. In the early and middle stages of disintegration, GRS displays partial saturation and overall unsaturated state. In the late stage of disintegration, the soil reaches saturation state and shows slow disintegration. The above results can provide key scientific support for exploring the relationship between GRS disintegration and the formation time of shallow landslides and collapsing erosion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 5","pages":"2541 - 2556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forward and inverse models of magnetically-susceptible grout in rock fracture grouting","authors":"Haizhi Zang,&nbsp;Shanyong Wang,&nbsp;John P. Carter","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02491-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02491-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rock grouting is an important technique for sealing rock fractures, but it has long been plagued by the lack of a practical approach to delineate the extent of grout propagation inside the facture flow channels. Despite previous attempts to evaluate grout performance, barely any non-intrusive way can directly and accurately reveal the grout penetration region. In this study, a new inversion method is suggested, based on a magnetic forward model, to predict the burial depth, dip angle and lateral (horizontal) projection span of a grouted area in a single rock fracture. It is assumed that the grout flow route inside a rock mass can be magnetically observable when ferromagnetic materials are added to the grout. The method commences by forward modelling the magnetic field caused by an inclined sheet of magnetic material. Based on the analytical solutions for calculating the magnetic field in the presence of the sheet, a relationship between the magnetic anomalies and the geometric parameters of the sheet is established. Following the feasibility study of the forward model, an inversion procedure is proposed to determine the geometric information of the sheet using multiple observations of magnetic data obtained at various levels above the sheet. The results show the applicability of the inverse method for estimating the burial depth at observation distances up to five times the length down dip of the sheet. Moreover, a correction nomogram is proposed to address the sources of error with known approximate parameters, and this greatly improves the model’s performance. Finally, some insights into the application of the inversion process in a three-dimensional magnetic field are presented. The current solutions for predicting the geometry of grout intrusion in a rock fracture system are shown to be efficient. Both the forward and inverse models proposed should provide valuable contributions to the problem of addressing the error involved in non-destructive, remote detection of a grout region in a fractured rock mass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 4","pages":"1503 - 1531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tapered piles responses during large-scale axial static and high-strain dynamic load testing","authors":"Lars Bo Ibsen,&nbsp;Amin Barari","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02507-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02507-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While significant research has focused on characterizing cylindrical piles with various shapes and material components, as well as their interaction with soil under axial loading, the performance of tapered piles under axial loading has received considerably less attention. Tapered piles provide an attractive alternative to conventional pile types such as driven steel and concrete straight piles, as they have improved the resistance during axial compressive loading. In this study, the performance of tapered piles under axial monotonic and impact loading was examined using laboratory testing. A series of large-scale static compression tests were performed on tapered piles with diameters of 76 and 89 mm under both saturated and unsaturated soil (Baskarp Sand No. 15) conditions. Each test consisted of multiple sub-tests to determine the in situ soil characteristics, and the key findings discussed here are based on results from pile bearing capacities after installation by jacking with an unloading/reloading step. Cone penetration tests were performed to quantify the effect of pile installation on the soil state for different initial relative densities. Dynamic pile testing, which is less costly and time-consuming than the static loading of large-scale piles, was performed with a hammer to assess the piles’ static load bearing capacities. The generalized relationship between static and dynamic bearing capacities was examined according to the Danish pile-driving formulas (DDRs) using the <i>j</i> factor. The results revealed that the DDRs can be used for saturated medium-dense sands with adequate confidence, whereas any application beyond this range may require thorough verification. The piles were then pulled out to enable the decoupling of friction resistance effects from base resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 5","pages":"2307 - 2326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time- and concentration-dependent shear strength evolvement of compacted GMZ bentonite in alkaline conditions","authors":"Yong-gui Chen,&nbsp;Yu-cheng Li,&nbsp;Chang-jie Li,&nbsp;Wei-min Ye,&nbsp;Qiong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02512-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02512-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the shear behaviors of compacted bentonite has been imperative to evaluate the mechanical stability of the buffer/backfill materials, especially under the influence of the alkaline solutions generated by the degradation of cementitious materials. By soaking the compacted bentonite in the alkaline solutions for different periods (e.g., 60, 90, and 120 days) at constant volume condition, this study investigates the impact of different concentrations of NaOH solutions (e.g., 0 M, 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1.0 M) on the shear strength of compacted Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite via direct shear tests. The microstructure and the mineralogical evolvement of the compacted bentonite were investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, respectively. Results demonstrated that the peak shear strength of compacted bentonite generally increased with the concentrations of NaOH for a short soaking period (e.g., 60 days) with the friction angle increased from 3.66° to 12.24°. However, this trend became less pronounced over longer periods (e.g., 90 and 120 days), with the peak shear strength initially increasing and then decreasing after reaching a critical NaOH concentration (i.e., 0.5 M), which suggests the impact of alkaline solution on the shear strength of compacted bentonite is both time- and concentration-dependent. Analyses from SEM and XRD tests indicated that the microstructure degradation and mineral dissolution were induced by the alkaline solutions.The mechanical behaviors of compacted bentonite suggest the complex interplay between osmotic suction and mineral dissolution influencing the shear strength of compacted bentonite. Based on the fractal dimensions of the compacted bentonite, a modified model is proposed to account for both the osmotic and dissolution effects of the alkaline solutions on the compacted bentonite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 4","pages":"1743 - 1757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial mechanical behavior of epoxy-quartz: MD nanoindentation and nanoscratching study","authors":"Pengchang Wei,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Hicher,&nbsp;Wangqi Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11440-024-02503-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11440-024-02503-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is widely used in various engineering fields due to its several outstanding properties. In geotechnical engineering, the interactions between FRP and soil play an essential role. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method has been performed to study the interfacial mechanical behavior of epoxy-quartz interface as a subsystem of FRP-soil structure. Uniaxial traction on bulk epoxy was conducted to verify the accuracy of the model. The nanoindentation and nanoscratching mechanisms of epoxy-quartz interface were analyzed, considering the effect of loading rate, sliding velocity, and indentation depth. Abrasion models have been proposed based on the relationship between forces and displacements. Simulation results indicated that the indenter force and the indentation hardness of epoxy substrate increased with the loading rate during nanoindentation, and the relationship between indenter force and indentation depths could be expressed by a power law. The forces along three directions increased with the sliding velocity or indentation depths during nanoscratching, the sliding force and the sliding distance following an exponential function. The numerical simulations demonstrated that the surface wear of the epoxy substrate had the shape of a groove in nanoindentation and a fan-shaped distribution during the nanoscratching process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49308,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geotechnica","volume":"20 4","pages":"1599 - 1620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-024-02503-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}