Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Research Updates","authors":"Marinos Kyriakopoulos, Charvi Saraswat, Lucy Snelson, Marios Stathopoulos","doi":"10.1111/camh.12725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12725","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lucy Snelson</p><p>South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust</p><p>Bullying is considered one of the most robust, preventable risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. It is recognised by the World Health Organisation as a major public health concern. Those with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions may be at increased risk of being involved in bullying due to being perceived as different by their peers.</p><p>Abregú-Crespo et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the overall prevalence of bullying in those with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. The authors identified 212 studies which reported bullying in children and adolescents (N = 126,717; 37.6% female) aged 4–17 (mean age: 12.3 years) with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric condition. They distinguished between traditional bullying, which included physical, verbal and relational bullying (actions which intend to harm an individuals' reputation), and cyber bullying, defined as repeated harm inflicted online (for example on social media). They noted that this was the first meta-analysis in this population to differentiate between different types of bullying, including the relatively recent phenomenon of cyberbullying.</p><p>The authors found that 42.2% of young people with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions were victims, 24.4% were perpetrators and 14% were both victims and perpetrators of traditional bullying. Those with conduct disorders, autism and ADHD showed the highest prevalence rates for involvement in traditional bullying. Prevalence rates were lower for involvement in cyber bullying, with 21.8% of the population being victims and 19.6% perpetrators. Interestingly, the rate of those who were both victims and perpetrators were higher for cyberbullying (20.7%) than traditional bullying. Furthermore, when compared with controls (N = 504,806; 47.5% female; mean age 12.5 years), this population experienced increased bullying victimisation (2.85-fold), perpetration (2.45-fold) and perpetration–victimisation (3.66-fold). The authors suggested that difficulties in social communication, behaviour and emotional regulation may lead young people in this population to be perceived as being different to their peers and, therefore, more vulnerable to being involved in bullying. Lastly, they found that victims of traditional bullying with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions scored higher on mental health measures including internalising, externalising, general psychopathology and suicidality compared to controls.</p><p>A key strength of the study is that the authors used a thorough screening method to minimise risk of bias and to increase the validity of the results. All articles were screened twice across three screening phases with five researchers reviewing articles independently. They performed additional sensitivity analyses removing cases with conduct disorders to avoid skewing their results, in r","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"328-329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Open science and methods review for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","authors":"Thees F. Spreckelsen,&nbsp;Lewis W. Paton","doi":"10.1111/camh.12726","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12726","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial introduces the journal's new open data policy for original articles using quantitative data. It discusses key opportunities from data and code sharing. It further briefly sets out the new methods review that articles which use quantitative analysis will automatically undergo. With both changes we hope to strengthen our review process and contribute to a better evidence base in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"223-225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Socio-economic inequality and child and adolescent mental health","authors":"Kate E. Pickett,&nbsp;Richard G. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/camh.12699","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12699","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;It would be hard to find anyone, including politicians anywhere on the political spectrum, who would not agree that a society should look after its children well – giving them a good start in life, protecting their interests and their health and wellbeing, and promoting their development and education. Our children are our future – our long-term societal well-being depends on them. And there is widespread contemporary concern for the mental health of children and adolescents, following the global COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this context, it is perhaps surprising that it is so difficult to compare different societies in terms of child and adolescent mental health, but it remains the case that there are no sources of high quality, internationally comparable data on mental illness in children and young people. Even within countries, there are surprisingly few sources of data – no data on child mental illness could be included in the recent Child and Adolescent Thriving Index 1.0 in the USA (Pickett, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). To try and understand both variation in child and adolescent mental health, and the causes of such variation, we have to use proxy measures, such as life satisfaction, or measures such as the adolescent suicide rate that represent a very extreme tip of an iceberg of mental distress. In their most recent report on child well-being in high income countries, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), created an index of mental well-being that includes the percentage of 15 year olds reporting high life satisfaction and the suicide rate for 15–19 year olds (https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/Report-Card-16-Worlds-of-Influence-child-wellbeing.pdf). On this index, the Netherlands ranks top and New Zealand bottom, and there is much variation in both measures. Over 90% of children in the Netherlands have high life satisfaction, but only 64% of UK children say the same. In Greece, the teenage suicide rate is 1.4 per 100,000 adolescents, in New Zealand that figure is 10 times higher at 14.9 per 100,000.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, there are now a number of studies suggesting that income inequality, the gap between rich and poor in a society, is robustly associated with measures of mental well-being in children and young people (Alemán-Díaz et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), whether that is child mental illness in relation to income inequality across the 50 US states (Wilkinson &amp; Pickett, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;), happiness and psychological distress across regions of China (Du, Chi, &amp; King, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) or psychological symptoms across 17 high income countries (Dierckens et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). We have also shown that changes in income inequality are related to changes in child well-being – as countries become more or less equal their child well-being rises or falls (Pickett &amp; Wilkinson, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within countries, socio-economic position has a well-described and profound impact on all aspects of child and adolesce","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"308-310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: The Cass Review – implications and reassurance for practitioners","authors":"Hilary Cass","doi":"10.1111/camh.12723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12723","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial perspective summarises the key findings of the independent review of gender identity services for children and young people commissioned by the National Health Service (NHS) in England (the Cass Review). Although the evidence underpinning endocrine interventions in this group of young people remains weak, there is much that mental health practitioners can do to improve their well-being and support their families. The controversies surrounding this group of young people have disempowered local professionals, who have lost confidence in their ability to provide care for them. The reality is that CAMHS professionals already have all the necessary transferrable skills and with a small amount of top up training, they can make a profound difference to the lives of this vulnerable group, which has been marginalised in our healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 3","pages":"311-313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Addressing the escalating trend of nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotics among adolescents – a call for gender-sensitive interventions and policy reforms","authors":"Lien-Chung Wei,&nbsp;Hsien-Jane Chiu","doi":"10.1111/camh.12731","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Can a modernised psychiatric unit space reduce the use of coercive measures in child and adolescent psychiatry? A commentary on Czernine et al. (2024)","authors":"Keri Ka-Yee Wong","doi":"10.1111/camh.12732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12732","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The environment influences the way we act, react and adapt to our surroundings whether it is consciously or unconsciously. Though it is widely accepted that multiple interacting systems influence human behaviour and development across the life span, the reality of teasing these factors apart is difficult and challenging. In this brief commentary on Czernine and colleagues' important and timely paper, ‘Can a modernised psychiatric unit space reduce the use of coercive measures in child and adolescent psychiatry?’, I evaluate and build on the evidence presented by making constructive suggestions on ways of improving the status quo healthcare and treatment conditions for children and adolescents today. The underlying assumption is that by furthering this complex yet important area of research in the field of psychiatry and adjacent disciplines, we can improve existing healthcare systems and processes that are aligned with meeting child and adolescent needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"30 2","pages":"186-188"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Matters: When does the history of ADHD not begin?","authors":"Matthew Smith","doi":"10.1111/camh.12727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This commentary discusses the history of ADHD and how it can inform contemporary debates about the disorder. It critiques retrospective histories of ADHD, which propose earlier origins for the disorder than match the historical evidence. It concludes by indicating when ADHD did emerge as a distinctive disorder and why it did so.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"385-387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Who gets the credit for “discovering” ADHD and what is the question, really?","authors":"Gabrielle A. Carlson","doi":"10.1111/camh.12730","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12730","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recognition of hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and emotional lability as a clinical syndrome is at the heart of identifying whether there is a discoverer of the condition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Just as clinics of children diagnosed with ADHD do not capture a homogeneous group of boys and girls, however, history does not either. What different observers/clinicians have chosen to highlight reflects what is important to them and to the times in which they lived. The child/children described by Heinrich Hoffman (of Fidgety Phil fame) and George Still (who highlighted impulsive aggression as a moral defect), for instance, did not come with a list of criteria (with which even now we cannot always agree) to prove unequivocally that they had ADHD. Who cares! It is sufficient that they recognized the importance of certain co-occurring behaviors and shared their observations with us such that we can conclude our clinic's children were recognized by good past observers. ADHD-like children, like the poor, have probably always been with us.</p>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"388-390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staff Perspectives: Why are adolescent inpatients secluded and what causes changes in rates of seclusion on a unit?","authors":"Miriam K. Yurtbasi,&nbsp;Michael Gordon,&nbsp;Christine Pavlou,&nbsp;Glenn Melvin","doi":"10.1111/camh.12729","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12729","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of seclusion in Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Units is being heavily scrutinised due to its forceful nature and potential to cause harm. This study aimed to understand staff perspectives on reasons for seclusion in an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Unit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mixed methods approach that included the Attitudes to Seclusion Survey followed by a semi-structured interview on the reasons for seclusion was used. We recruited 31 participants who worked on the unit of which 27 were involved in seclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings showed that the majority of staff view seclusion as undesirable and believe it should only be used out of necessity. However, there was disagreement among staff about the reasons why adolescents were secluded and whether those reasons were justified. Staff identified factors that contributed to increases in seclusion but also provided several ways in which seclusion could be reduced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight a need for precision on what constitutes justifiable use of seclusion to reduce the potential for misuse. It also shows opportunities exist for further reduction in seclusion through teamwork and communication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"355-362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Detecting and treating young people at risk for psychosis is essential, but early intervention for those with a psychotic disorder should be a priority for CAMHS","authors":"Luis Alameda,&nbsp;Philippe Conus","doi":"10.1111/camh.12728","DOIUrl":"10.1111/camh.12728","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read the article by Salazar de Pablo and Arango (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) with great interest. The authors discuss some advantages and limitations from the Clinical high Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) paradigm; mentioning a few additional perspectives that could be addressed in CAMHS services beyond the current CHR-P model. Among various propositions, they suggest training professionals working in primary care to assess psychosis-like experiences and to propose transdiagnostic cost-effective interventions such as psychoeducation and treatment for those where psychopathology emerges in the form of anxiety and depression. What they propose is very similar to the Head Space model developed in Australia, and which broadens the narrow focus of CHR-P and Early Intervention (EI) for psychosis. Head Space, created in 2006 in Australia, offers support to young people aged 12–25 facing a large range of psychological issues in a low stigma environment. More than 150 centres have now been implemented in Australia, embedded in the community and primary care such as the one proposed by Salazar de Pablo and Arango. Headspace has successfully been granted substantial funding over the last 2 decades and has provided 4.4 million interventions to more than 700,000 young Australians since its creation (McGorry et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Rickwood et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). It is however worth noting that at this stage, considerable concerns have been raised in terms of evidence-base results on the efficacy of this approach, as well as other problems such as the deficient coordination with the standard governmental healthcare services where patients should be referred in case of established disorder or suicidality, leading to duplication in care (Hilferty, Cassells, Muir, &amp; Katz, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Kisely &amp; Looi, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). These concerns have reduced the broad exportation of the model to other countries (Looi, Allison, Bastiampillai, &amp; Kisely, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), although similar strategies are currently being developed in some places (https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/heroes/youth-mental-health.aspx) which is encouraging. Hopefully, new data from Head Space can further help to expand this model as Salazar de Pablo and Arango propose.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is another point we would like to raise. While Salazar de Pablo and Arango focus their paper on the CHR-P paradigm and suggest it should be implemented in CAMHS, we think the necessity for adequate treatment of patients with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) should not be forgotten. Indeed, if implementation of the identification of at risk mental state is an important step towards preventive treatment, patients with FEP definitely need adequate treatment. FEP programmes have now been implemented around the World for more than 30 years and their positive impact on outcome is strongly established. Despite a very strong accumulation of evidence, many countries in Europe and around the World, still do not have","PeriodicalId":49291,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"29 4","pages":"402-403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/camh.12728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}