International Braz J Urol最新文献

{"title":"Intraoperative computed tomography for detection of residual stones in endourology procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Henrique L Lepine, Fabio C Vicentini, Eduardo Mazzucchi, Wilson R Molina, Giovanni S Marchini, Fabio C Torricelli, Carlos A Batagello, Alexandre Danilovic, William C Nahas","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.0092","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.0092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Success rates in endourological procedures, notably percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopy (URS), have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes, leading to more reinterventions and radiation exposure. Recently, the use of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) scans has been hypothesized as a promising solution for improving outcomes in endourology procedures. With this considered, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis encompassing all available studies that evaluate the impact of the use of intraoperative CT scans on surgical outcomes compared to conventional fluoroscopic-guided procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases were systematically searched up to December of 2023. This study aimed to directly compare the use of an ICT scan with the standard non-ICT-guided procedure. The primary endpoint of interest was success rate, and the secondary endpoints were complications and reintervention rates, while radiation exposure was also evaluated. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following Cochrane recommendations. Data was presented as an Odds ratio with 95%CI across trials and a random-effects model was selected for pooling of data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A comprehensive search yielded 533 studies, resulting in the selection of 3 cohorts including 327 patients (103 ICT vs 224 in non-ICT). Primary outcome was significantly higher in the experimental group versus the control group (84.5% vs 41.4% respectively, 307 patients; 95% CI [3.61, 12.72]; p<0.00001; I2=0). Reintervention rates also decreased from 32.6% in the control to 12.6% in the ICT group (OR 0.34; 95%CI [0.12,0.94]; p =0.04; I2= 48%), whereas complication rates did not exhibit significant differences. Radiation exposure was also significantly reduced in two of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis highlights a favorable outcome with intraoperative CT scan use in PCNL procedures, showing a considerable increase in SFR when compared to standard fluoroscopy and nephroscopy. Despite limited studies, our synthesis underscores the potential of ICT scans to significantly reduce residual stones and their consequences for endourology patients, as reinterventions and follow-up ionizing radiation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ureteral access sheath. Does it improve the results of flexible ureteroscopy? A narrative review.","authors":"José Agustin Cabrera Santa Cruz, Alexandre Danilovic, Fabio Carvalho Vicentini, Artur Henrique Brito, Carlos Alfredo Batagello, Giovanni Scalla Marchini, Fabio César Miranda Torricelli, William Carlos Nahas, Eduardo Mazzucchi","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.9907","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.9907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the ethical implications in the telesurgery ERA.","authors":"Marcio Covas Moschovas, Shady Saikali, Travis Rogers, Ahmed Gamal, Roshane Perera, Sumeet Reddy, Vipul Patel","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.0133","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.0133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for small renal masses.","authors":"Ashley Foret, Christopher B Haaga, Shivani Jain, Chelsea O Baumgartner, Megan Escott, Benjamin R Henderson, Sean T O'Brien, Scott E Delacroix, Jessie R R Gills, Mary E Westerman","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>CT-guided MWA is a safe and effective tool that should be utilized in the treatment of small renal masses (SRMs). We aim to clarify the utility of CT-guided MWA by examining patient outcomes such as recurrence, treatment success, changes in renal function, and complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of consecutive patients with SRMs who underwent same day renal mass biopsy (RMB) and CT-guided MWA between 2015 and 2022 was performed. Treatment safety was assessed by 30-day complications according to the Clavien-Dindo system and change in eGFR >30 days post-procedure. Treatment efficacy was defined by local recurrence and incomplete treatment rates and calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 renal masses were found in 104 patients. The overall complication rate was 7.4% (8/108), of which 4 were major complications (3.7%). For those with renal function available >30 days post ablation, the median eGFR was 47.2 (IQR: 36.0, 57), compared to 52.3 (IQR: 43.7, 61.5) pre-ablation, p<0.0001. 5-year local recurrence free survival was 86%. Among those with biopsy proven malignancy (n= 66), there were five local recurrences (7.54%) occurring at a median of 25.1 months (IQR 19.9, 36.2) and one case (1.5%) of incomplete treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the medical field continues to evolve towards less invasive interventions, MWA offers a valuable tool in the management of renal masses. With low major complication and recurrence rates, our findings support the utility of CT-guided MWA as a tool for treatment of SRMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of mapping-targeted biopsies on the index lesion in transperineal prostate biopsies.","authors":"Nahuel Paesano, Violeta Catalá, Larisa Tcholakian, Xavier Alomar, Miguel Barranco, Enric Trilla, Juan Morote","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0558","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of mapping-targeted biopsies (MTB) on the index lesion for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in transperineal fusion-image prostate biopsies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 309 men with suspected PCa who underwent prostate biopsies at the Creu Blanca reference center in Barcelona, Spain. The Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS v.2.1) of the magnetic resonance images (MRI) were reclassified by an expert radiologist reading of pre-biopsy biparametric MRI used for segmentation of suspected lesions. Transperineal MTB of suspicious lesions and 12-core systematic biopsies were performed using the Artemis™ platform. CsPCa was defined as International Society of Urological Pathology grade group ≥ 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CsPCa was detected in 192 men (62.1%), with detection rates of 6.3% for PI-RADS 2, 26.8% for PI-RADS 3, 87.3% for PI-RADS 4, and 93.1% for PI-RADS 5. MTB of the index lesion identified 185 csPCa (96.3%). CsPCa was detected solely in systematic biopsies in three cases (1.6%), while an additional four cases (2.1%) were identified only in the second suspected lesion. A predictive model for csPCa detection in MTB of the index lesion was developed, with an AUC of 0.918 (95% CI 0.887-0.950).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This model had the potential to avoid 23.3% of prostate biopsies without missing additional csPCa cases. MTB of the index lesion was highly effective for identifying csPCa in fusion transperineal prostate biopsies. A developed predictive model successfully reduced the need for almost one quarter of biopsies without missing csPCa cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of ablative therapy and radical treatment for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Guilherme Miranda Andrade, Felipe Giorgi Manente, Pedro José Damato Dias Barroso, Saulo Borborema Teles, Alexandre Dib Partezani, Willy Baccaglini, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, Ruben Olivares, Bruno Nahar, Gustavo Caserta Lemos, Bianca Bianco, Arie Carneiro","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0628","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare biochemical recurrence, sexual potency and urinary continence outcomes of ablative therapy and radical treatment (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines were performed. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed. Biochemical recurrence at three and five years; incontinence rate (patients who used one pad or more) and erectile dysfunction rate at 12 and 36 months (patients who did not have sufficient erection to achieve sexual intercourse) were evaluated. The Mantel-Haenszel method was applied to estimate the pooled risk difference (RD) in the individual studies for categorical variables. All results were presented as 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Random effects models were used regardless of the level of heterogeneity (I²). (PROSPERO CRD42022296998).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies comprising 2,677 men with prostate cancer were included. There was no difference in biochemical recurrence between ablative and radical treatments. We observed the same biochemical recurrence between ablative therapy and radical treatment within five years (19.3% vs. 16.8%, respectively; RD 0.07; 95%CI=-0.05, 0.19; I2=68.2%; P=0.08) and continence rate at 12 months (9.2% vs. 31.8%, respectively; RD -0.13; 95%CI, -0.27, 0.01; I2=89%; P=0.32). When focal treatment was analyzed alone, two studies with 582 patients found higher erectile function at 12 months in the ablative therapy group than in the radical treatment (88.9% vs. 30.8%, respectively; RD -0.45; 95%CI -0.84, -0.05; I2=93%; P=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biochemical recurrence and urinary continence outcomes of ablative therapy and radical treatment were similar. Ablative therapy appears to have a high rate of sexual potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identify risk factors for perioperative outcomes in Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion and Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion with Robotic Cystectomy.","authors":"Hangcheng Fu, Laura Davis, Venkat Ramakrishnan, Thomas Barefoot, Colleen Sholtes, Lifan Liang, Mohammed Said, Jamie Messer","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0477","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing adoption of robotic-assisted cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD), despite its complexity, prompts a detailed comparison with extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD). Our study at a single institution investigates perioperative outcomes and identifies risk factors impacting the success of these surgical approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective analysis, 174 patients who underwent robotic-assisted cystectomy at the University of Louisville from June 2016 to August 2021 were reviewed. The cohort was divided into two groups based on the urinary diversion method: 30 patients underwent ECUD and 144 underwent ICUD. Data on demographics, complication rates, length of hospital stay, and readmission rates were meticulously collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Operative times were comparable between the ICUD and ECUD groups. However, the ICUD group had a significantly lower intraoperative transfusion rate (0.5 vs. 1.0, p=0.02) and shorter hospital stay (7.8 vs. 12.3 days, p<0.001). Factors such as male sex, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, intravesical therapy, higher ASA, and ACCI scores were associated with increased Clavien-Dindo Grade 3 or higher complications. Age over 70 was the sole factor linked to a higher 90-day readmission rate, with no specific characteristics influencing the 30-day rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Robotic cystectomy with ICUD results in shorter hospitalizations and lower intraoperative transfusion rates compared to ECUD, without differences in operative time, high-grade postoperative complications, or readmission rates. These findings can inform clinical decision-making, highlighting ICUD as a potentially more favorable option in appropriate settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney collecting system anatomy applied to endourology - a narrative review.","authors":"Ana Raquel M Morais, Luciano A Favorito, Francisco J B Sampaio","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.9901","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2024.9901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the kidney collecting system through a narrative review of the literature, highlighting its importance during diagnosis and its approach during surgical procedures for the treatment of renal stones.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We carried out a review about the anatomy of the kidney collecting system. We analyzed papers published in the past 40 years in the databases Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials and opinions of specialists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Renal collecting system could be divided in four groups: A1 - kidney midzone (KM), drained by minor calyx that are dependent on the superior or the inferior caliceal groups; A2 - KM drained by crossed calyx, one draining into the superior caliceal group and another draining into the inferior caliceal group; B1 - KM drained by a major caliceal group independent of both the superior and inferior groups; and B2 - KM drained by minor calyx entering directly into the renal pelvis. Some details and anatomic variations of the collecting system are related to clinical and radiological aspects, particularly perpendicular calyces, interpyelocalyx space, position of calyces in relation to renal border, classification of the renal collecting system, infundibular diameter and the angle between the lower infundibulum and renal pelvis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The knowledge of intra-renal collecting system divisions and variations as the angle between the renal pelvis and lower infundibula, position of the calices in relationship with renal edge and the diameter and position of the calyces are important for the planning of minimally invasive renal surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous nephrolithotomy and risk of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Thalita Bento Talizin, Alexandre Danilovic, Fabio Cesar Miranda Torricelli, Giovanni S Marchini, Carlos Batagello, Fabio C Vicentini, William Carlos Nahas, Eduardo Mazzucchi","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0626","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to perform a high-quality meta-analysis using only randomized controlled trials (RCT) to better define the role of postoperative antibiotics in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A literature search for RCTs in EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science up to May 2023 was conducted following the PICO framework: Population-adult patients who underwent PCNL; Intervention-postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis until nephrostomy tube withdrawal; Control-single dose of antibiotic during the induction of anesthesia; and Outcome-systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis and fever after PCNL. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022361579). We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A random-effects model was employed, and the alpha risk was defined as < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven articles, encompassing a total of 629 patients, were included in the analysis. The outcome of SIRS or sepsis was extracted from six of the included studies, while the outcome of postoperative fever was extracted from four studies. The analysis revealed no statistical association between the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis until nephrostomy tube withdrawal and the occurrence of SIRS/sepsis (OR 1.236, 95% CI 0.731 - 2.089, p=0.429) or fever (OR 2.049, 95% CI 0.790 - 5.316, p=0.140).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that there is no benefit associated with the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis until nephrostomy tube withdrawal in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We recommend that antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered only until the induction of anesthesia in PCNL.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of monosymptomatic enuresis in children and adolescents: a systematic review.","authors":"Melissa Faria Dutra, José de Bessa, Emerson Coelho Luiz de Almeida, Eleonora Moreira Lima, Mônica Maria de Almeida Vasconcelos, Flávia Cristina de Carvalho Mrad","doi":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0618","DOIUrl":"10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parasacral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PTENS) is a treatment used in enuresis refractory to first-line treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PTENS in treating monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). The selected studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The \"Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials\" and the \"Risk of Bias VISualization\" were used to analyze the risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 624 studies selected, four RCTs were eligible. Three included 146 children and adolescents aged between six and 16.3 years and used similar PTENS protocols with a frequency of 10 Hz, pulse duration of 700 µs and 20 minutes three times/week. One study enrolled 52 patients aged seven to 14 years used PTENS at home, with a pulse duration of 200 µs and 20 to 60 minutes twice/day. Risk of bias was observed in three studies due to results' randomization and measurement. Two studies showed a partial response with a reduction in wet nights, one a complete response in 27% of patients, and one showed no improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PTENS reduces wet nights' frequency but does not cure them, except in 27% of patients in one study. Limited RCTs and data heterogeneity are limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49283,"journal":{"name":"International Braz J Urol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}