Endocrine最新文献

{"title":"PANOMEN-3 grading score is reliable in predicting pituitary adenoma behavior and prognosis: a single center cohort study.","authors":"Alessandro Mondin, Giulia Bovo, Mattia Barbot, Maria Fleseriu, Luca Denaro, Carla Scaroni, Filippo Ceccato","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04292-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04292-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pituitary adenomas (PAs) comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases: a scoring system to guide prognosis and therapy is still missing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed a retrospective single-center cohort of 401 patients with PAs followed over the last two decades using a newly developed Pituitary Society grading system, PANOMEN-3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high initial grade of the adenoma predicted a worse long-term outcome despite multimodal treatments (grade 3, disease remission OR 0.49, 95%CI [0.27; 0.84], p = 0.01). The grade could predict tumor behavior following surgery: a higher grade at baseline predicted relapses after disease remission (grade 3 vs grade 1/2, p = 0.01) and a higher postoperative grade predicted the need for additional treatments in case of persisting disease (grade 2/3 vs grade 1, p = 0.02). A score downgrade obtained with primary medical predicted the reduction of additional interventions and long-term biochemical control. When considering CD patients, both a lower initial grade (grade 2 vs grade 3, p < 0.01) and preoperative eucortisolism (p = 0.04) reduced recurrence risk. Contrarily to the whole-cohort analysis, grade predicted the surgical outcome in non-functioning pituitary adenomas and in acromegaly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest for the first time that PANOMEN-3 grade system could be useful in everyday clinical practice, aiding physicians in both improving follow-up strategies for patients in remission and in the management of persisting disease for all pituitary adenomas. Especially for CD, a high initial grade could encourage clinicians to institute preoperative medical treatment and to adopt a closer follow-up schedule in cured cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"834-845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical decision in patients with primary aldosteronism based on adrenal veins aldosterone not corrected by cortisol.","authors":"Furong He, Xizi Zhang, Yiyang Fu, Jun Yang, Zhipeng Du, Ying Song, Jinbo Hu, Qianna Zhen, Yifan He, Qifu Li, Wenwen He, Shumin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04246-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04246-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cortisol-corrected aldosterone concentration is used to interpret adrenal venous sampling (AVS) results to identify the subtype of primary aldosteronism. Whether AVS could be interpreted using aldosterone without cortisol correction is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and aldosterone ratio (PAC of the higher side divided by PAC of the lower side) of the adrenal veins for the diagnosis of unilateral PA (UPA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in PA patients who underwent bilaterally successful AVS. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity of PAC and aldosterone ratio of adrenal veins in non-stimulated and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - stimulated AVS were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>323 patients with UPA and 122 with bilateral PA were included. Under non-ACTH stimulated AVS, AUC of PAC and aldosterone ratio to diagnose UPA were 0.86 (95%CI 0.83-0.89) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.80-0.88), respectively. The specificity was 90%, with sensitivity of 59%, when using PAC cutoff of 1012.8 ng/dL to diagnose UPA. The specificity was 90%, with sensitivity of 65%, when using aldosterone ratio cutoff of 6.84 to diagnose UPA. Under ACTH stimulated AVS, PAC and aldosterone ratio showed similar accuracy to diagnose UPA. The specificity was 90%, with sensitivity of 60%, when using PAC cutoff of 4008.3 ng/dL to diagnose UPA. The specificity was 90%, with sensitivity of 80%, when using aldosterone ratio cutoff of 4.77 to diagnose UPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAC and aldosterone ratio of the adrenal veins can be used to diagnose UPA during non-stimulated and ACTH-stimulated AVS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"891-900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in autoimmune thyroid diseases between females and males: the result of a complex interconnection of factors.","authors":"Fiammetta Battheu, Cristina Clausi, Simona Censi, Caterina Mian","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04317-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04317-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this paper is to review the scientific evidence for the link between autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) and sex, and the plausible causes of the female prevalence in AITDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive literature search of published articles was conducted using online search engines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AITDs are more frequent in the female sex. Numerous studies have focused on the differences between males and females in their presentation of AITD and their response to therapy, sometimes with conflicting results. Several factors are considered to be responsible for the higher incidence of AITDs in females, crucial among which is the relationship between sex hormones and the immune system. In addition to hormones, there is also evidence that sex chromosomes, epigenetic factors, foetal microchimerism, the microbiota and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) play an important role in the predisposition of females to AITDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of AITDs in the female sex appears to be attributable to numerous factors, the most important being the influence of sex hormones on the immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"665-679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normotensive primary aldosteronism in a patient with myasthenia gravis: a localization diagnostic conundrum unraveled by ⁶⁸Ga-pentixafor PET/CT - a case report with review of literature.","authors":"Jin-Liang Chen, Jiu-Dan Zhang, Xiao-Xiao Song, Shriya Sanan, Yi-Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04311-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04311-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While primary aldosteronism (PA) is typically screened in hypertensive patients, normotensive PA remains underrecognized, especially in complex cases where standard diagnostic approaches fail. We present a challenging case of normotensive PA complicated by myasthenia gravis (MG) requiring chronic glucocorticoids, which interfere with conventional cortisol-based adrenal venous sampling (AVS) interpretation. This case highlights the pivotal role of ⁶⁸Ga-pentixafor PET/CT as an innovative alternative for subtype differentiation in such complex scenarios.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 30-year-old normotensive woman with MG (on long-term glucocorticoids) was incidentally found to have a left adrenal adenoma. Biochemical testing confirmed PA (elevated ARR, positive captopril challenge test and saline infusion test). Due to glucocorticoid interference with AVS interpretation, ⁶⁸Ga-pentixafor PET/CT was utilized for precise localization. We further reviewed literature on alternative diagnostic strategies for PA when conventional cortisol-based AVS interpretation is compromised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>⁶⁸Ga-pentixafor PET/CT successfully localized the aldosterone-producing adenoma, guiding laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Postoperatively, the patient achieved complete biochemical remission (normalized ARR and potassium). To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of ⁶⁸Ga-pentixafor PET/CT for PA subtype diagnosis in a glucocorticoid-dependent normotensive patient, offering a paradigm for similar challenging cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For PA patients with confounding factors affecting cortisol-based AVS interpretation (e.g., chronic glucocorticoid use), ⁶⁸Ga-pentixafor PET/CT emerges as a robust non-invasive alternative for accurate subtype differentiation. This case provides a novel diagnostic framework for complex PA presentations, advocating for tailored imaging strategies to overcome traditional limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"704-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing nitazoxanide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Eman M Ghonaim, Osama M Ibrahim, Sahar K Hegazy, Wael F Farrag, Hytham R Badr","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04387-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04387-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preclinical data suggest nitazoxanide (NTZ) as a potential PPAR-γ agonist with potential benefits in type 2 diabetes. This pilot trial aimed to explore the tolerability and preliminary effects of NTZ as an add-on therapy to the existing metformin-vildagliptin combination on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-eight patients were analyzed in the control and NTZ groups (44 per group). All patients were treated with metformin-vildagliptin combination. The NTZ group received 500 mg nitazoxanide orally twice daily. The primary outcome was glycemic control, assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. Secondary outcomes included fasting insulin, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), asprosin, and malondialdehyde (MDA). All outcomes were measured at baseline and after three months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A between-groups comparison revealed significantly lower inflammatory markers with NTZ compared to control [IL-6: 23.64 ng/L (21.00-32.71) vs. 32.52 ng/L (29.63-36.13) and HMGB-1: 10.46 ng/mL (6.37-14.61) vs. 22.60 ng/mL (20.18-27.37), P < 0.001 for both]. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, insulin, asprosin, and MDA were not considerably different between the two groups. Markedly lower levels of IL-6 (P = 0.009), HMGB-1 (P < 0.001), asprosin, (P = 0.002), and MDA (P < 0.001) were observed following NTZ treatment. Conversely, IL-6 and HMGB-1 increased significantly in the control group (P < 0.001 for both). Other biomarkers did not change significantly in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NTZ may alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes despite no improvement in glycemic parameters.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the name: Nitazoxanide as Adjuvant Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with the identifier: NCT06010992. Registration date: 8-2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of early biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia in thyroid cancer patients after total thyroidectomy.","authors":"Qiaoling Zhu, Ru Wang, Fazhan Xu, Cheng Ji, Dandan Yi, Jianfeng Sang","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04357-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04357-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hypocalcemia is a common complication after total thyroidectomy (TT). Several studies have identified risk factors for early biochemical hypocalcemia, nevertheless, the noteworthy symptomatic hypocalcemia has not been considered. This study aims to construct an intuitive predictive model for biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia to assist individualized management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on thyroid cancer patients undergoing TT. Two separate patient cohorts were used for model development and external validation, respectively. Data were gathered to identify the risk factors for biochemical (serum calcium <8.0 mg/dL) and symptomatic hypocalcemia by logistic regression. A predictive model was visualized by a nomogram and validated internally and externally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 431 patients studied, 258 (59.9%) developed hypocalcemia including 180 with biochemical hypocalcemia and 196 with symptomatic hypocalcemia, of whom 118 patients had both. Female (OR 2.108, 95% CI 1.166-3.812, P = 0.014) and postoperative PTH decreased ratio ≥ 60% (OR 22.489, 95% CI 13.289-38.058, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for hypocalcemia, while BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² (OR 0.567, 95% CI 0.331-0.970, P = 0.038) was a protective factor. Besides, Hashimoto's thyroiditis tended to increase the risk of hypocalcemia (P = 0.082). A nomogram was developed and a predicted probability of exceeding 0.55 suggested a higher risk of hypocalcemia with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 82.1%. The internal and external validated areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.860 and 0.862, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validated nomogram combining gender, BMI and proportion of PTH reduction may guide the risk identification and stratified management of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of ACR-TIRADS for thyroid nodule risk stratification in pediatric patients.","authors":"Anita Lavarda Scheinpflug, Leonardo Barbi Walter, Laura Marmitt, Rafael Selbach Scheffel, Mariangela Gheller Friedrich, Mauricio Farenzena, Carlo Sasso Faccin, Marcia Silveira Graudenz, José Miguel Dora, Ana Luiza Maia, Andre Borsatto Zanella","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04362-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04362-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) is a widely used ultrasonographic risk-stratification system for thyroid nodules in adults and its use has been increasingly expanding in the pediatric population in recent years. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of ACR-TIRADS in patients aged ≤ 18 years with thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≤ 18 years, followed by tertiary care for thyroid nodules. The ACR-TIRADS data were extracted from the image records by two radiologists with expertise in thyroid imaging. Malignancy rates were defined based on cytological examinations, histological diagnosis, or ultrasonographic follow-up concerning nodule characteristics and size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised 58 patients (65 nodules). The majority were female (70.7%), with a mean age of 14.0 ± 3.4 years and 27.5% had at least one risk factor for thyroid malignancy. The malignancy rate was 20.7% (N = 12). We could not reassess the ultrasound images of 9 patients; therefore, for this analysis, 49 patients (56 nodules) were included. The TIRADS nodule classifications were as follows: 8 TR1 (14.3%), 18 TR2 (32.1%), 15 TR3 (26.8%), 7 TR4 (12.5%), and 8 TR5 (14.3%). The ACR-TIRADS interobserver agreement was high, with a free marginal kappa of 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75, 0.97]. All TR1, TR2, and TR3 nodules were benign, and 8 cases of thyroid malignant neoplasm in the TR4 (N = 1) and TR5 (N = 7) groups resulted in malignancy rates of 14.3 and 87.5%, respectively. Remarkably, the TR5 nodules exhibited a positive predictive value of 87.5%, negative predictive value of 97.9%, sensitivity of 87.5%, and specificity of 97.9% for predicting malignancy. We did not identify a cutoff of nodule size for predicting malignancy - area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.58 (95% CI 0.38-0.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACR-TIRADS effectively stratifies malignancy risk in pediatric thyroid nodules, with TR5 nodules showing particularly high malignancy risk. Clinical risk factors combined with ultrasound characteristics provide better malignancy prediction than nodule size alone in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics, mid-term outcomes and management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: A multicentre retrospective cohort study.","authors":"İsmail Engin, Mazhar Müslüm Tuna, Ekin Yiğit Köroğlu, Bekir Çakır, Sevde Nur Fırat, Hüseyin Yağcı, Çiğdem Tura Bahadır, Yusuf Kır, Neşe Ersöz Gülçelik, Ayşenur Karahan, Eren Gürkan, Ali Yeşiltepe, Güven Barış Cansu, Kenan Sakar, Neşe Çınar, Şevkican Güneş, Ayşe Kubat Üzüm, Dilek Kılınç Candemir, Faruk Kılınç, Ümit Nur Özbay, Ayten Oğuz, Mehmet Güven, Arzu Or Koca, Ahmet Görgel, Süleyman Baldane, Oğulcan Boz, Bekir Uçan, Elif Güneş, Sema Taban, Semin Melahat Fenkçi, Murat Çalapkulu, Mustafa Aydemir, Ramazan Sarı, Ceren Tufan, Emre Sedar Saygılı, Ziynet Alphan Üç, Cevdet Duran, Nergis Basmacı, Alper Gürlek, Yudum Yaprak Usda Konak, Cüneyt Bilginer, Özge Şahin Kimyon, Evin Bozkur, Özden Uzun, Gülşah Elbüken, Kadircan Karatoprak, Özen Öz Gül, Asena Gökçay Canpolat, Mustafa Şahin","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04380-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04380-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the demographic, biochemical, and clinical characteristics of patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (aPHPT), analyze their long-term outcomes, and discuss the effectiveness of current therapeutic strategies in light of the existing literature. We anticipate that our study will provide clinicians with guidance regarding surgical decision-making beyond the standard criteria for aPHPT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a nationwide, multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study. All tertiary care endocrinology departments across the country were invited to participate. Center inclusion criteria required the enrollment of a sufficient number of aPHPT patients, confirmed by careful diagnostic evaluation in accordance with established guidelines, regular follow-up for at least one year, and systematic monitoring for complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 27 centers representing various regions of Turkey were included in the study. A total of 829 patient records were reviewed, and after excluding 25 patients who did not meet eligibility criteria, 804 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 55.59 ± 11.54 years, with a female predominance (85%, n = 683). The baseline prevalence of comorbidities was as follows: hypertension in 43% (n = 346), diabetes mellitus in 27.1% (n = 216), and cardiovascular disease in 10.8% (n = 87) of patients. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were available for 701 patients, among whom osteoporosis was present at 23.4% and osteopenia at 50.5%. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly declined by the third year compared to baseline (p = 0.003). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease significantly increased at year three compared to baseline and the first year (p = 0.002). A significant association was found between the presence of osteoporosis and lower baseline serum magnesium levels (p < 0.001), particularly among patients with magnesium levels below 1.6 mg/dL compared to those with levels within the normal range (1.6-2.5 mg/dL). Additionally, patients with osteoporosis demonstrated significantly lower serum phosphate levels compared to other groups (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The management of asymptomatic PHPT continues to present numerous unanswered questions. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus were found to be more prevalent among aPHPT patients compared to the general population. The observed increase in cardiovascular events over time suggests that cardiovascular disease could become a more prominent factor in future surgical decision-making. Furthermore, the significant decline in GFR over follow-up may necessitate revisiting the surgical threshold of GFR < 60 mL/min in future guidelines. Routine assessment of serum magnesium and phosphate levels should be considered, particularly in patients at ","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central precocious puberty in boys; diagnosis, treatment and follow-up: a nation-wide study.","authors":"Sevinc Odabasi Gunes, Merve Sakar, Nursel Muratoglu Sahin, Gulay Karaguzel, Emine Ayca Cimbek, Feyza Darendeliler, Ezgi Sarban, Esra Doger, Ganimet Oner, Zeynep Siklar, Gizem Senyazar, Murat Aydin, Behzat Ozkan, Ozlem Sangun, Mesut Parlak, Onur Akin, Kadriye Cansu Sahin, İhsan Esen, Aylin Kilinc Ugurlu, Gulcan Seymen, Semih Bolu, Elif Sobu, Servan Ozalkak, Emine Demet Akbas, Gonul Buyukyilmaz, Beray Selver Eklioglu, Ahmet Ucar, Pinar Kocaay, Selma Tunc, Serpil Bas, İsmail Dundar, Eda Celebi Bitkin, Ayca Torel Ergur, Dilek Bingol Aydin, Birgul Kirel, Aysun Ata, Muge Atar, Mehmet Isakoca, Emel Hatun Aytac Kaplan, Tugba Kontbay, Derya Tepe, Oya Ercan, Mehmet Boyraz, Nesibe Akyurek, Edip Unal, Nurhan Ozcan Murat, Serkan Bilge Koca, Zumrut Kocabey Sutcu, Feyza Nehir Oznur Muz, Semra Cetinkaya","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04382-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04382-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate demographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory, imaging features, and treatment responses of boys who were diagnosed and treated for central precocious puberty (CPP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were collected from pediatric endocrinology clinics in Türkiye. Patients were classified into two groups based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, idiopathic CPP (iCPP) and organic CPP (oCPP). The oCPP group was further cathegorized into three subgroups: oCPP-confirmed, oCPP-unrelated, and oCPP-uncertain lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 232 patients, 62.9% were diagnosed with iCPP. All patients aged <3 years had oCPP-confirmed lesions. Basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and total testosterone (T) levels were higher in oCPP group than in iCPP group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). Basal LH, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), T, and peak LH/FSH were lower in the iCPP-obese group (p < 0.05). T differed significantly among the oCPP-confirmed, oCPP-unrelated, and oCPP-uncertain subgroups (p = 0.032). Among patients that reached final height (FH), the difference between target height (TH) standard deviation score (SDS) and FH SDS was higher in oCPP group than in iCPP group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between predicted adult height at the treatment initiation and FH (r = 0.463 p = 0.020). Factors affecting FH were height SDS at the beginning of treatment, paternal height SDS, and TH SDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevelance of oCPP was found lower compared with previous literature data. Currently, there is no reliable marker to predict oCPP that would allow clinicians to safely omit MRI in iCPP cases. However, boys under 3 years of age should be carefully evaluated for potential organic causes of CPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker identification through spatial proteomics for the characterization of indeterminate thyroid nodules.","authors":"Giulia Capitoli, Antonio Maria Alviano, Nicole Monza, Lisa Pagani, Isabella Piga, Davide Paolo Bernasconi, Angela Greco, Davide Leni, Alice Maggioni, Andrea-Valer Gatti, Fausto Maffini, Nicola Fusco, Mattia Garancini, Fulvio Magni, Stefania Galimberti, Fabio Pagni, Vincenzo L'Imperio, Vanna Denti","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04383-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04383-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The identification of novel molecular biomarkers may assist in the characterization of indeterminate thyroid nodules, which pose significant diagnostic challenges. Here, we aimed to explore the potential of proteomic analyses to support biomarker discovery in challenging thyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) data from 44 thyroid neoplasms to select the most impactful molecular features for the classification of different tumor histologies, as well as for the distinction between NRAS-mutant (mNRAS) and NRAS-wild-type (wtNRAS) tumors. Relevant peaks were subsequently identified through nanoscale liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LDA selected nine relevant molecular markers distinguishing noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs) from other tumor histologies (balanced accuracy = 73%), as well as 19 relevant markers able to identify mNRAS cases (balanced accuracy = 84%). Nine differentially expressed proteins were putatively identified: among them, ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX42 showed a similar distribution between NIFTPs and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) / follicular variant PTCs (FVPTCs), while the distribution of the Histone H4 signal was similar between NIFTPs and follicular adenomas (FAs). In addition, Protein disulfide-isomerase A1 and Complement C4-B were overexpressed in wtNRAS compared to mNRAS cases, regardless of histology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LDA-selected features enable to distinguish NIFTPs from morphologically similar lesions and to discriminate between mNRAS and wtNRAS cases. The identified markers might complement genetic analyses and provide insights into the distinct pathogenic drivers behind the development of mNRAS compared to wtNRAS lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}