Endocrine最新文献

{"title":"MicroRNA signatures of invasiveness in PitNETs: a focus on miR-186-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-454-3p, and miR-590-5p.","authors":"Beata Rak-Makowska, Filip Garbicz, Dawid Mehlich, Emir Sajjad, Zofia Kuśmierczyk, Grzegorz Zieliński, Maria Maksymowicz, Sabrina Doboszek, Tomasz M Grzywa, Paweł Włodarski, Dominika Nowis, Urszula Ambroziak","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04435-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04435-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and lifestyle factors and risk of thyroid carcinoma: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Valentina Sada, Alessia Cozzolino, Ilaria Neri, Ritamaria Di Lorenzo, Livia Barba, Roberta Modica, Pasquale Dolce, Oumaima Achour, Carlotta Pozza, Elisa Giannetta, Daniele Gianfrilli, Lucia Grumetto, Valeria Ascoli, Claudio Bellevicine, Giancarlo Troncone, Andrea M Isidori, Annamaria Colao, Antongiulio Faggiano","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04441-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04441-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity following treatment for hyperthyroidism: A systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis.","authors":"Artur de Oliveira Macena Lôbo, Luis Eduardo Rodrigues Sobreira, Danilo Monteiro Ribeiro, Isabela Junger Meirelles Aguiar, Francinny Alves Kelly","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04342-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04342-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Therapeutic approaches for hyperthyroidism, namely antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, and thyroidectomy, aim to restore normal thyroid function while minimizing harm. However, the difference in outcomes related to mortality and cardiovascular diseases between them remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that compared any of the three supracited therapeutic approaches between themselves. A Bayesian model estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% credible intervals (CrI) using a random-effects model. Treatments were ranked by surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight cohort studies encompassing 172,585 hyperthyroid patients were included. Thyroidectomy was associated with lower all-cause mortality compared to antithyroid drugs (HR 0.442; 95% CrI 0.244-0.783) but not radioiodine (HR 0.675; 95% CrI 0.424-1.296). No significant differences were observed for cardiovascular mortality when comparing thyroidectomy to antithyroids (HR 0.440; 95% CrI 0.177-1.127) and radioiodine (HR 0.580; 95% CrI 0.342-1.064). For major cardiovascular events (MACE) there was no significant difference between radioiodine vs. antithyroids (HR 0.557; 95% CrI 0.265-1.006) and thyroidectomy (HR 0.784; 95% CrI 0.347-1.917). Thyroidectomy did not reduce heart failure risk vs. antithyroids (HR 0.353; 95% CrI 0.115-1.251) and radioiodine (HR 0.426; 95% CrI 0.131-1.749). SUCRA rankings suggested thyroidectomy as the best treatment concerning mortality and heart failure, while radioiodine ranked highest for MACE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroidectomy and radioiodine may offer better long-term cardiovascular and mortality outcomes compared to antithyroid drugs. Further studies with proper designs are needed to verify the nature of these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis unveils dysregulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and development of a machine learning-based multi-gene classifier for predicting lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Qingxiang Yu, Weijing Hao, Yanbin He, Xianhui Ruan, Lin Liu, Xinwei Yun, Dapeng Li, Jingzhu Zhao, Wenfeng Cao, Yu Yin, Linfei Hu, Xuan Qin, Ming Gao, Lei Zhang, Xiangqian Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04308-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04308-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM) critically influences surgical decision-making in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the sensitivity of preoperative imageological examination in detecting LNM remains suboptimal, necessitating the development of more accurate diagnostic and predictive tools. This study aims to identify multi-omics biomarkers and construct a predictive model for LNM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of 50 PTCs presenting with (LNM group) or without lateral lymph node metastases (LNN group) using whole exome sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Younger age, larger tumor size, and lymphovascular invasion were associated with increased risk of LNM, while invasive follicular subtype was associated with lower risk of LNM. Genomic landscape analysis identified 23 LNM group specific driver mutations and 15 protective variants in the LNN group. Transcriptome analysis identified 444 differentially expressed genes associated with LNM. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed a module that correlated negatively with LNM, with key genes significantly enriched in Notch signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway. Notably, elevated neutrophils in tumor immune microenvironment was strongly associated with high LNM risk, suggesting neutrophils as potential early predictors of lateral lymph node metastasis in PTC. A machine learning-based multi-gene classifier was developed to predict LNM, achieving excellent performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 in the training set and 0.892 in the test set.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides novel insights into the molecular characteristics of PTC associated with lateral lymph node metastasis, highlighting tumor-infiltrating neutrophils as an independent LNM predictor. The multi-gene classifier developed in this study demonstrates promising clinical utility for improving the accuracy of LNM prediction and guiding personalized treatment strategies in PTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"172-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and radiological insights into secondary hypophysitis: A single-center experience with a focus on tuberculosis.","authors":"Archana Rao, Anurag Ranjan Lila, Manjiri Karlekar, Vijaya Sarathi, Anuj Ban, Anima Sharma, Rohit Barnabas, Saba Samad Memon, Virendra Patil, Wasim Khot, Shilpa Sankhe, Gaurav Malhotra, Nalini Shah, Tushar Bandgar","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04352-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04352-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Secondary hypophysitis (apart from immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI] induced) is rare and is largely described in case series. We aim to describe the distinctive characteristics of the various etiologies of secondary hypophysitis from a single center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective record review of 44 patients with secondary hypophysitis (excluding ICI) presenting to our institute between January 2002 and January 2023 was performed. The data of primary hypophysitis managed medically (n = 39) was retrieved from a prior publication and compared with common etiologies of secondary hypophysitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common etiologies were histiocytic disorders - Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim Chester disease (ECD) [n = 23] and tubercular hypophysitis (TH) [n = 10]. LCH/ECD were characterized by multisystem involvement, with arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) [22/23] being the predominant endocrine presentation. TH patients presented with mass effect (9/10), focal non-enhancing areas within an enhancing sellar/suprasellar mass on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (10/10), with evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere in 60%. Though caseating granulomas were universal on histopathology, bacteriological confirmation was negative in all pituitary specimens. When compared to primary hypophysitis, isolated infundibuloneurohypophysitis and AVP-D were more prevalent in LCH/ECD, while the presence of a sellar/suprasellar mass with focal non-enhancing areas was more frequent in TH. Furthermore, recovery of the hormonal axis upon follow-up was more common in primary hypophysitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Secondary hypophysitis in our cohort was predominantly histiocytic or tubercular in etiology, with LCH/ECD presenting largely with AVP-D and TH presenting with mass effects, focal non-enhancing areas, and paucibacillary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"266-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the annual cost burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United States.","authors":"Eric P Borrelli","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04318-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04318-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the leading complications of diabetes. Given the significant growth in prevalence of diabetes and therefore DPN in the United States in recent years, a quantitative analysis is needed to estimate the annual cost burden of DPN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cost-of-illness burden model was created to estimate the cost burden on DPN in the United States. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify the most appropriate epidemiologic and economic inputs. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted for every model input parameter to show the potential variability in the estimated cost-burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is an estimated prevalence of approximately 13,209,600 patients with DPN in the U.S., with an estimated annual cost burden from DPN of $45,930,580,972. Of the estimated cost burden, $30,859,424,749 was from DPN specific care ($2,389,038,060 for outpatient office visits, $26,830,282,752 for inpatient hospitalizations, and $1,640,103,936 from prescription medications) and $15,071,156,223 from treating incident DPN complications ($12,875,200,000 for diabetic foot ulcers and $2,195,956,223 for diabetic lower limb amputations).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DPN is a very costly condition, and the burden is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications for primary aldosteronism screening in people with hypertension and hyperparathyroidism: a multi-centre cohort study.","authors":"A Jones, J Tan, T Dao, J Tan, P Wong, S Sztal-Mazer, F Milat, J Yang, C Gilfillan","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04323-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04323-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) excess is associated with hypertension while elevated PTH has been observed in primary aldosteronism (PA). This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with hyperparathyroidism who met Endocrine Society criteria for PA screening, and to assess current screening practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multi-centre retrospective cohort study including patients attending outpatient endocrine clinics at three tertiary health services in Victoria, Australia between 2015-2019. Patients were included if they had an elevated PTH level and excluded if they had a secondary cause of hyperparathyroidism or a prior diagnosis of PA. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data were extracted from electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 275 patients with hyperparathyroidism, hypertension was present in 51.6%; including 62.4% of patients with hypercalcaemia and 35.5% of those with normocalcaemia. Overall,15.6% (43/275) had a guideline indication for PA screening, including 21.8% (36/165) of those with hypercalcaemia and 6.4% (7/110) of those with normocalcaemia. Of those with hypertension, 30% (43/142) had a guideline indication for PA screening. The most common indication for screening was hypertension and hypokalaemia (16/43). Despite this, only 9.3% (4/43) were screened, with one confirmed PA diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertension is common in patients with hyperparathyroidism. A third of patients with hyperparathyroidism and hypertension had a guideline indication for PA screening, however screening remains substantially under-utilised. A prospective study is needed to evaluate the prevalence and impact of PA in patients with hyperparathyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"339-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levothyroxine absorption test in patients with refractory hypothyroidism: how to interpret patient's response to the test?","authors":"Ibtissem Oueslati, Ameni Terzi, Meriem Yazidi, Elyes Kamoun, Moncef Feki, Melika Chihaoui","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04312-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04312-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Levothyroxine (LT4) absorption test is indicated in patients with refractory hypothyroidism to distinguish between pseudo-malabsorption and malabsorption. However, this test is not standardized and its interpretation remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different interpretations of the LT4 absorption test to confirm or infirm a disorder of LT4 absorption in patients with refractory hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study including patients who were admitted for refractory hypothyroidism. LT4 absorption test was performed in all patients. Four different equations were used to interpret the test: The LT4 absorption rate, FT4 increment, FT4 increase rate, and FT4 ratio. Celiac disease serology and digestive endoscopy with biopsy were performed in all patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients were enrolled in this study. Their median age was 38 years. The median duration of hypothyroidism was 2.6 years. The median dose of LT4 was 4 µg/kg/day. Before the LT4 absorption test, the median TSH and FT4 levels were 72.59 mIU/L and 0.52 ng/dL, respectively. Using LT4 absorption rate and FT4 ratio formulas, the test was consistent with the diagnosis of malabsorption in all patients. However, when using FT4 increase rate, four patients (P1, P2, P4, and P5) had malabsorption and three patients (P3, P6, and P7) had pseudo-malabsorption. According to the FT4 increment, six patients (P1, P2, P4, P5, P6, and P7) had malabsorption and one patient (P3) had pseudo-malabsorption. Etiological investigations revealed the presence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in four patients (P1, P2, P4, and P5). Patients 3, 6, and 7 admitted non-compliance with LT4 treatment when confronted with evidence about pseudo-malabsorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FT4 increase rate seemed more effective than LT4 absorption rate, FT4 ratio, and FT4 increment in differentiating pseudo-malabsorption from malabsorption. However, further multicenter studies involving larger sample sizes would be useful to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"166-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and cost-effectiveness of immediate right hemicolectomy versus active surveillance for well-differentiated appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors 1-2 cm in size: a Markov decision analysis.","authors":"Claudio Ricci, Stefano Partelli, Davide Campana, Maria Rinzivillo, Laura Alberici, Elisa Andrini, Sofia Menin, Vincenzo D'Ambra, Anna Battistella, Valentina Andreasi, Riccardo Casadei, Massimo Falconi, Francesco Panzuto","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04347-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04347-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Therapeutic management of appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (a-NENs) 10-20 mm in size represents a challenge for both surgeons and oncologists. We compared active surveillance after appendectomy versus immediate right hemicolectomy (RHC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Markov decision model was developed based on literature parameters. The endpoints were the life expectancy, the quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALY), and the cost-effective ratio expressed by the incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER). A deterministic sample analysis (DSA) with one-way sensitivity analysis was performed for the base case scenario. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was performed to solve the uncertainty of the model. Montecarlo simulation with 100,000 replications for each arm was used. Data are reported in US$. The acceptability of the strategy was set 3 times ($130,049) the Euro area's gross domestic product per capita ($43,394).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 10-year survival rates for active surveillance and immediate RHC were 98.2 and 98.9%, respectively. The DSA showed the superiority of active surveillance versus immediate RHC (10 versus 9.0 QALY). Active surveillance costs more than immediate RHC ($35,761 vs. $39,486). The resulting ICER was $4302 per QALY. The model was more sensitive to the length of follow-up (99.9% variability): the longer the surveillance, the higher the ICER (spread $302,703). PSA analysis confirmed active surveillance as the most cost-effective choice, costing an ICER + $4059 per QALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active surveillance is safe and cost-effective in patients with appendiceal NENs of 10-20 mm in size, both clinically and economically.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of the pancreas in type 1 diabetes - from prior to diagnosis to long-standing disease.","authors":"Nathalia Guarienti Missima, Henrik Hill, Casian-Simon Aioanei, Per Liss, Daniel Espes","doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04338-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-025-04338-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the loss of insulin-producing beta-cells is the hallmark pathophysiological alteration. However, volumetric and functional abnormalities of the exocrine pancreas are also observed. These changes may result from the loss of insulin's anabolic effects or reflect an underexplored aspect of T1D. Imaging techniques have enabled a better characterization of pancreatic morphology throughout T1D progression. This study examines exocrine pancreatic alterations at various stages of T1D using CT scans, including assessments conducted prior to diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized retrospective abdominal CT scans and clinical data collected from Uppsala University Hospital, including 150 T1D subjects, with 15 examined before diagnosis, and 61 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic controls. Volume segmentation and 3D reconstruction assessed the exocrine pancreas, and pancreas volume index (PVI) calculations were standardized using body weight, BMI, and body surface area (BSA). Descriptive and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pancreas volume was significantly reduced in T1D patients. The reduction was more pronounced in patients diagnosed before the age of 20. No significant volume difference was noted in patients before their T1D diagnosis compared to controls, however, a reduction was observed post-diagnosis. Pancreas volume correlated negatively with disease duration and HbA1c levels and correlated positively with body surface area and plasma amylase levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pancreas volume reduction is a consistent feature in T1D, correlating with both disease duration and markers of metabolic control. These findings support the potential of using imaging techniques as a non-invasive method for monitoring T1D progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":" ","pages":"140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}