Endocrine最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of normal serum androgen levels in healthy Indian adolescent school-going girls by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).","authors":"Rajni Sharma, Raman Kumar Marwaha, Ashutosh Kumar Arya, Konpal Paharia, Anwesha Saha, Priyanka Gupta, Himanshi Saini, Hem Chandra Sati","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04668-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04668-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The diagnosis of adolescent polycystic ovarian syndrome is based on the presence of menstrual irregularity and clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism. However, the cut-off for normal adolescent androgen levels remains unclear. Normative data for androgens by LCMS for Indian adolescents is not available. We measured serum androgens by LCMS and DHEAS by immunoassay and their relation to the menstrual cycle phase and body mass index in healthy adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study in North India among girls studying in public schools. A total of 1469 girls aged 10-18 years were screened out of which 977 consented for blood sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 628 post-menarcheal with normal menstrual cycles and 142 premenarcheal girls were included. Normative data for serum testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, DHEAS and DHT are presented as per post-menstrual (PMA) and chronological age. There was a progressive increase in levels of androgens with PMA with testosterone and androstenedione being significantly higher in the mid-cycle and luteal compared to the follicular phase. The upper reference limit (97.5th percentile [95% CI]) for testosterone in girls with post-menstrual age > 1 year in the follicular (n = 104), mid-cycle (n = 191) and luteal phase (n = 210) was 1.564 [1.431-1.698] nmol/l, 2.094 [1.90-2.77] nmol/l and 2.08 [1.837-2.166] nmol/l. Androstenedione and DHEAS levels were significantly higher in obese compared to normal weight girls whereas DHT levels were lower.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides normative ethnicity-specific data for androgens using LCMS in Indian girls with normal menstrual cycles according to the post-menstrual age which can help define hyperandrogenaemia in adolescent girls and aid in the diagnosis of adolescent PCOS and ovarian/adrenal dysfunction irrespective of menstrual phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive biochemical and radiological assessment of clinical characterization pertaining to bilateral adrenal masses: a multi-center cross-sectional investigation.","authors":"Gamze Akkus, İrem Kolsuz, Yusuf Kemal Arslan, Ferhatcan Pişkin, Mehtap Evran, Murat Sert, Tamer Tetiker, Yahya Erdem İnce, Ali Örs, Nusret Yılmaz, Özgür Ceylan, Berna Öğmen, Beril Turan Erdoğan, Cevdet Aydın, Bekir Çakır, Özlem Üstay, Yağmur Göksoy Solak, Güzin Fidan Yaylalı, Ayten Eraydın, Semin Melahat Fenkçi, Şenay Topsakal, Yusuf Öztürk, Muhammet Kocabaş, Mehmet Sözen, Berrin Çetinarslan, Zeynep Cantürk, Alev Selek, Emre Gezer, Fatma Öktem, Merve Şimşek Dilli, Fettah Acıbucu, Süheyla Görar, Hüseyin Yağcı, Püren Gökbulut, M Eda Ertörer, Gülay Şimşek Bağır, Ziynet Alphan Üç, Emre Sedar Saygılı, Büşra Tunç Topuz, Mutlu Güneş, Seher Çetinkaya Altuntaş, Elif Güneş, Lezzan Keskin, Kader Uğur Aksoy","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04667-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04667-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Bilateral adrenal masses are increasingly diagnosed in routine clinical practice due to widespread use of radiological assessments. Although bilateral adrenal masses consist of heterogenous etiologies including hyperplasia and infiltrative lesions, a majority of them are adrenocortical adrenal lesions which are pathologically confirmed as adenomas. We aim to elucidate the clinical, biochemical, and radiological attributes in individuals exhibiting bilateral adrenal masses, utilizing an extensive sample cohort derived from various medical centers across our nation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective analyses of 1250 patients (female vs. male, 774 vs. 476) with adrenal masses presenting from seventeen endocrine centers between 2010 and 2025 in Turkiye were carried out. Patients presenting with adrenal masses underwent comprehensive clinical, hormonal, and radiological evaluations. Data were obtained from centers located in different provinces across Turkey as part of the study, and a total of 1180 patients were included in the study. After the initial work-up hormonal assessment, the radiological evaluation of adrenal gland neoplasms was conducted employing both non-contrast and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All imaging acquisitions adhered to established protocols, and the analyses were executed by radiologists with expertise in abdominal imaging. In non-contrast computed tomography (CT) imaging, attenuation values of lesions were quantified in Hounsfield Units (HU), with lesions exhibiting values of ≤ 10 HU classified as indicative of lipid-rich adenoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Mean age of all patients was 59.6 ± 10.7 and 735 patients (62.3%) had nonfunctioning adenoma (NF), 235 (19.9%) had autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS), 78 (6.6%) Cushing's syndrome (CS), and 132 (11.2%) were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) in the clinical diagnosis distribution. When clinical diagnosis groups (NF, ACS, CS, PA) were compared in terms of biochemical parameters, basal cortisol levels differed between the groups (p = 0.033). Furthermore, these levels were higher in the CS group than in the PA and NF groups (p = 0.015 and p = 0.022, respectively). ACTH, circadian cortisol at 23:00, and cortisol levels after 1 mg and 2 mg dexamethasone differed between the groups (p &lt; 0.001). ACTH levels were found to be lower in ACS and CS compared to NF and PA (p &lt; 0.001). The most common radiological diagnosis was adenoma (n = 1180, 92.3%). Radiological evaluation was available in 829 cases (74.0%), and the HU value in the right adrenal lesions was below 10 in 84.6% of the cases and was homogeneous in 92.2%. In the left adrenal lesions, the HU value was below 10 in 88% of the cases and 92.6% were assessed as homogeneous. MRI was available in 492 cases (41.3%), and 89% of the lesions evaluated in the dual echo sequence were consistent with fat-rich adenoma. A","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can long-acting growth hormone improve adherence in pediatric growth hormone deficiency?","authors":"Chiara Rodaro, Gianluca Tamaro, Alice Fachin, Francesca Nicolardi, Silvia Tommasi, Gianluca Tornese","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04661-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04661-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence requires long-term therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Although daily injections are highly effective, they impose a considerable treatment burden that often leads to suboptimal adherence and compromised growth outcomes. Reported non-adherence rates vary widely, largely due to heterogeneous definitions and assessment methods. Adherence is influenced by multiple factors, including device usability, psychosocial context, family engagement, and the level of support from health care professionals. Although Long-Acting Growth Hormone (LAGH) preparations, administered once weekly, have demonstrated efficacy and safety comparable to daily rhGH in clinical trials, adherence in these settings may be overestimated. The key question now is whether LAGH can truly enhance treatment adherence in real-world settings. This narrative review summarizes the very limited data currently available on adherence to LAGH in both treatment-naïve patients and those switching from daily rhGH, highlighting methodological heterogeneity and the absence of robust long-term outcomes. Rather than providing definitive conclusions, our aim is to map existing evidence, identify critical gaps, and outline priorities for future real-world and longitudinal studies evaluating adherence, persistence, and clinical consequences of poor adherence in LAGH users.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13219162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between liquid and tablet formulations in the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism.","authors":"Anna Parzianello, Erika Cantarelli, Elisa Bortolamedi, Egidio Candela, Alessandra Cassio, Federico Baronio, Marcello Lanari, Rita Ortolano","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04663-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04663-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study compares the efficacy and safety of three levothyroxine (LT4) formulations in pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective-prospective observational monocentric study conducted at the Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy. Patients' data were collected from diagnostic confirmation following CH positivity on newborn screening (occurring between January 2019 and April 2024) through age 3 years. According to the LT4 pharmaceutical formulation used in routine clinical practice, patients were assigned to one of three specific groups: T (tablets), D (oral drops), or S (oral solution).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>82 patients were enrolled (group D, N = 30; group S, N = 25; group T, N = 27). At 7-15 days of follow-up, the median TSH concentration was significantly higher in group S compared with group T (p = 0.020). Accordingly, the proportion of patients with serum TSH concentrations above the reference range was significantly higher in group S compared with group T at this time point (p = 0.005). Another difference was observed at 12 months of follow-up, when the proportion of patients with serum fT4 concentrations below the reference range was higher in group D than in groups S and T (p = 0.011). No treatment-related adverse effects were observed with any formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The three LT4 formulations were equally effective in normalizing and maintaining serum TSH and fT4 within reference ranges. However, the clinical relevance of the differences observed at specific time points requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13219096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with acquired hypothalamic obesity in children with hypothalamic tumors: a comparative single-center study.","authors":"Fulya Mete Kalayci, Deniz Özalp Kizilay, Eda Ataseven, Mehmet Kantar, Uluç Özkiziltan, Elif Bolat, Aslı Suner Karakülah, Damla Gökşen, Şükran Darcan, Samim Özen","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04665-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04665-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acquired hypothalamic obesity is a complex condition resulting from hypothalamic damage, often due to tumors. However, not all children with hypothalamic masses develop obesity; while hypothalamic involvement is a recognised factor, the impact of specific surgical approaches and concurrent endocrine deficits on diverse tumour cohorts requires further elucidation. To evaluate clinical, radiological, surgical, and endocrine factors associated with obesity in children with hypothalamic tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 34 pediatric patients with hypothalamic tumors (median age at diagnosis: 6.0 years; IQR: 6) followed between 1999 and 2020. Patients with conditions or medications causing obesity were excluded. Data on tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, surgical approach, and endocrine abnormalities were collected. Obesity was defined as BMI > +2 SDS, and patients were grouped as obese and non-obese for comparative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent tumor types were optic glioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and craniopharyngioma. Obesity developed in 15 patients (44.1%). The median time to obesity onset was 3.00 months (IQR: 12.50) after diagnosis, with no significant difference in total follow-up duration between obese and non-obese groups (3.00 vs 3.50 years, p=0.471). At diagnosis, the groups differed significantly regarding surgical history, particularly pterional craniotomy (p=0.048), and the presence of adrenal insufficiency (p=0.020) or hypogonadism (p=0.004). However, univariable logistic regression showed that surgical method was not significantly associated with obesity. Obesity was also significantly associated with insulin resistance (p=0.010) and dyslipidemia (p=0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, hypothalamic obesity develops rapidly in children with hypothalamic tumors, often within the first few months following diagnosis. While surgical intervention-particularly via pterional craniotomy-showed a significant association with obesity in bivariate analysis, this association was not statistically significant in univariable logistic regression. The presence of obesity is closely linked to metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, as well as adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadism. These findings emphasize the necessity of early metabolic screening and personalized follow-up strategies immediately after diagnosis for this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13219077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female sexual dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mainak Banerjee, Indira Maisnam, Pradip Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04662-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04662-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an under-appreciated complication. Despite its profound impact on female health, including reduced quality of life and psychological distress, it remains underrepresented in major diabetes guidelines. Current data synthesis is limited, often excluding older populations or failing to compare diabetes subtypes. We aimed to collate the prevalence of FSD in T1DM, pool the risk of FSD in T1DM compared to controls, compare the risk in T1DM vs. T2DM and to investigate the impact of different variables on these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify cross-sectional/cohort studies including T1DM participants. Proportion of women with FSD in T1DM versus age-matched control/T2DM population (if reported), and population characteristics were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled analysis of 18 studies (N = 2476) indicated FSD prevalence of 37% in adults with T1DM (95% CI: 30%, 43%; I² = 89%; random-effects model). Analysis restricted to studies (n = 12) using standard FSFI cut-off ≤ 26.5 confirmed the summary estimate as 34% (95% CI: 26%, 41%; I² = 89%). Trim and fill analysis for publication bias found higher FSD risk in T1DM versus age-matched controls (N = 10, adjusted Risk ratio 2.10; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.39; p = 0.002; I² = 76%). The higher incidence of FSD in T1DM versus T2DM on subgroup analysis (p-interaction < 0.01) appeared to be influenced by diabetes duration (p < 0.01, R² = 70%). Depression and diabetes control indicators were among most consistent predictors of FSD, whereas continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion had a protective role.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FSD is prevalent in approximately one-third of women with T1DM, with a higher risk compared to those with T2DM, likely due to earlier onset and longer diabetes duration. Comprehensive care strategies that address both the physiological and psychological aspects of T1DM are warranted to improve sexual health and overall well-being in affected women.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prebiotic intervention on glycemic control and gut microbiome profile in Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): a pilot randomised control trial.","authors":"Vaishali Tamahane, Nikhil Shah, Neha Kajale, Anuradha Khadilkar, Vaman Khadilkar, Ketan Gondhalekar, Yogesh Shouche, Gireeshwar Mylari","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04657-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04657-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasingly associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. Emerging evidence suggests that short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) producing bacteria play a role in glucose regulation and immune modulation. However, interventional data in children remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of an oligofructose-enriched inulin intervention on glycemic control and gut microbiome composition in Indian children with T1DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot trial, 68-children (8-18years) with established T1DM were allocated to receive either 8 g/day of oligofructose-enriched inulin or an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometry, glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), and stool-microbiome-profiles (16SrRNA sequencing) were assessed at baseline and endline. Alpha and beta-diversity indices, differential abundance analyses(DESeq2), were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one participants (32 prebiotic, 29 placebo) completed the study with a mean compliance of 80%. Baseline characteristics and HbA1c levels were comparable between groups. No significant difference in HbA1c was observed after intervention (prebiotic 9.8 ± 1.4% vs. placebo 10.6 ± 2.5%; p > 0.05). However, the prebiotic group demonstrated a significant enrichment of SCFA-producing taxa, including Intestinibacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG004, Megasphaera, Prevotella_2, and Agathobacter(p < 0.05). Families such as Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Atopobiaceae and Akkermensiaceae were increased significantly, while alpha- and beta-diversity indices remained stable. No significant adverse events were reported apart from isolated mild hypoglycemic episodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prebiotics intervention modulated beneficial gut bacteria(SCFA-producing) without any change in glycemic control, suggesting possible long-term metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits in T1DM. Larger studies are needed. Adding natural prebiotic-rich foods to daily diets of children with T1DM could be a simple, affordable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of weekly somatrogon treatment in turkish children with growth hormone deficiency: a real-world cohort study.","authors":"Tahsin Gider, Edip Unal, Servet Yel, Barış Kolbaşı, Hüseyin Düzgün","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04658-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04658-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-acting growth hormone preparations have the potential to improve treatment compliance by reducing the frequency of injections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekly somatrogon treatment in patients with pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD) under real-world conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with GHD aged 3-18 years who had been receiving somatrogon therapy for at least 6 months were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone age/chronological age (BA/CA) ratio, and drug-related adverse events were evaluated at baseline and at the final follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 patients with a mean age of 12.90 ± 1.63 years were included. The mean treatment duration was 11.31 ± 2.72 months (min-max: 6.36-16.92). The mean annual height gain was 10.07 ± 0.61 cm, and the Δ height SDS was 0.64. No significant change was observed in the BA/CA ratio (p = 0.2). The mean baseline IGF-1 SDS was - 0.61 ± 1.15, increasing to 0.75 ± 1.26 at the final follow-up (p < 0.01). In 5 of 39 patients (12.8%), IGF-1 SDS exceeded + 2 SDS, requiring dose reduction. No serious adverse events were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our real-world data, weekly somatrogon therapy provided an effective growth response and was well tolerated in pediatric patients with GHD. In most cases, mean IGF-1 levels remained within the normal range. However, IGF-1 levels may be elevated, particularly in pubertal patients. These findings support somatrogon as a safe and effective early treatment option in routine clinical practice, although larger and longer-term studies are required to confirm long-term safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low-Fat Diet Combined with Different Exercise Interventions on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xiaohong Wu, Qi Liu, Weiping Zhong, Lulin Zhang, Zhixiang Xu, Lianyu Fan, Jieping Zhu, Liqiang Su","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04616-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04616-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to synthesize relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) via network meta-analysis (NMA) to identify the most effective “low-fat diet + exercise” intervention for adult weight maintenance. METHODS: Up to January 2026, five databases were searched for RCTs on exercise-diet combinations. Literature quality was assessed using the Cochrane tool, random-effects analysis was conducted for each intervention, and NMA was performed to compare their weight loss maintenance efficacy. RESULTS: 9 RCTs involving 1,207 participants were included, comparing 5 interventions. All interventions showed weight reduction trends vs. the control group (CON), but their 95% confidence intervals were wide and crossed zero, with no statistical significance. Anaerobic resistance exercise (ARE) had the highest ranking probability (SUCRA: 65.2), with a body weight (BW) mean difference of -0.86 (95% CI: [-3.33, 1.60]). CONCLUSION: All interventions tended to reduce weight, with ARE ranking highest. However, due to imprecise effect estimates, this result is exploratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Trajectories of Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Qihang Kong, Junteng Zhou, Xiaojing Liu, Yan Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12020-026-04604-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12020-026-04604-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a marker of insulin resistance, is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, longitudinal eGDR patterns and their association with CVD remain unclear in Chinese populations. OBJECTIVE: To identify 5-year eGDR trajectories and assess their association with incident CVD in a Chinese cohort. METHODS: We analyzed health check-up data from West China Hospital (2010–2022). eGDR trajectories were modeled over 5 years using group-based trajectory modeling. Participants free of CVD at baseline were followed for 5–8 years. Cox regression assessed the relationship between eGDR trajectories and CVD risk, adjusting for covariates; subgroup analyses tested consistency. RESULTS: Among 5,039 participants (mean age 44.65 years; 59.18% male), four eGDR trajectories were identified: Persistently High (75.0%), High to Low (16.5%), Low to High (3.5%), and Persistently Low (5.1%). Compared to the Persistently High group, the Persistently Low group had the highest CVD risk (HR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.98–5.99), followed by High to Low (HR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.23–4.41) and Low to High (HR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.42–4.00). Kaplan-Meier curves and subgroup analyses confirmed significant risk differences. CONCLUSION: Long-term declines or persistently low eGDR levels significantly increase CVD risk. Monitoring eGDR trajectories can help identify high-risk individuals for early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49211,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}