Biometals最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal microscopic and spectroscopic characterisation of heterogeneous iron oxyhydroxides in the human globus pallidus","authors":"Martin Kopáni,&nbsp;Daniel Kosnáč,&nbsp;Pavol Gemeiner,&nbsp;Jana Hlinková,&nbsp;Pavol Janega,&nbsp;Ján Pánik,&nbsp;Štefan Polák","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00860-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00860-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron is essential for neuronal metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and enzymatic function; however, dysregulated accumulation contributes to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. The basal ganglia, particularly the <i>globus pallidus</i>, represent a hotspot for iron deposition, yet the precise structural forms and their implications remain incompletely understood. Here, a multimodal approach was applied combining Raman microspectroscopy, light microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX) to characterise iron-rich deposits in post-mortem human <i>globus pallidus</i>. Tissue samples from six individuals without neurological disease were examined. Perls’ staining revealed iron-positive, spherical inclusions 10–20 µm in diameter. Raman spectroscopy revealed bands at 268–278, 490, 526, and 603 cm⁻¹, as well as broader signals at 1259–1349 cm⁻¹, consistent with magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and ferritin-like structures. Additional vibrations in the 682–1532 cm⁻¹ range indicated interactions with organic matrices, such as protein or lipid components. SEM–EDX identified both regular and irregular iron-rich particles with multielemental composition, including C, O, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Cr, and Ni, in addition to Fe. TEM examination showed the micrometre-sized particles of hematite and aggregation of ferrihydrite. These findings suggest that iron deposits in the <i>globus pallidus</i> comprise heterogeneous mixtures of oxides and hydroxides with variable crystallinity. Depending on their crystallinity and surface reactivity, such phases may represent a potential pool of redox-active iron; however, the present study did not assess markers of oxidative stress, and their physiological versus pathological significance remains to be established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"2159 - 2175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-026-00860-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal dependent regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis and redox signalling in Santalum album","authors":"P. Ravi Raja Simman,&nbsp;A. Balasubramanian,&nbsp;B. Sivakumar,&nbsp;Balaji Kannan,&nbsp;K. P. Ragunath,&nbsp;P. Rajendran,&nbsp;P. Hemalatha,&nbsp;S. Navaneetha Krishnan,&nbsp;R. Adithiyan,&nbsp;S. Ashwin Kumar,&nbsp;R. V. Sundarrajan","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00859-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00859-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trace metal ions regulate enzymatic catalysis, redox homeostasis, and xenobiotic metabolism across biological systems. This article examines the role of metal ions in governing sesquiterpene biosynthesis and redox signalling in <i>Santalum album</i> from a bioinorganic perspective. Current evidence in this review indicates that the formation of α- and β-santalol depends on magnesium-coordinated terpene synthases and iron-containing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. In these systems, Mg²⁺ stabilizes diphosphate leaving groups during carbocation formation, while heme-bound Fe mediates oxygen activation and regioselective hydroxylation. Variations in Mg²⁺ and Fe availability may influence metabolic flux through the mevalonate pathway and alter essential oil composition. In addition, trace metals including Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, and Mg regulate antioxidant defence systems, mitochondrial respiration, apoptosis signalling, and inflammatory pathways that intersect with reported biological effects of santalol. Toxic elements such as Pb and Cd can disrupt metalloprotein function and are subject to regulatory limits under ICH Q3D guidelines. Analytical approaches including ICP-MS and laser ablation ICP-MS provide quantitative and spatial insight into elemental distribution in plant tissues. Integration of metallomic data with biochemical and molecular evidence offers a framework for understanding metal-dependent regulation of plant secondary metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"1491 - 1504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFT and TD-DFT studies of free and iron(III)-coordinated vibrioferrin","authors":"Sasha Gardner,&nbsp;Frithjof C. Küpper,&nbsp;Andrew L. Cooksy","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00858-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00858-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vibrioferrin (VF) is a photoreactive, borate-binding siderophore produced by <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> and other pathogenic bacteria—but also by a number of marine bacteria. This study addresses hitherto unresolved questions about the stereochemistry of the iron(III)-VF complex (FeVF), based upon spectral data. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine relative energies for two stereoisomers of the VF, and for four different FeVF coordination configurations. The most stable ligand was also determined to yield the most stable coordination structures. Time-dependent DFT was then used to compute the absorbance spectra of the iron complexes for comparison to the experimental spectrum. The most stable FeVF configuration also had the closest matching UV–vis spectra, indicating that this is the most likely coordination structure in nature. With one stereocenter experimentally determined to be labile, it is possible that the computationally established preference for one ligand structure and configuration speaks to the structure of the siderophore receptor on vibrioferrin producing species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 in","pages":"1237 - 1246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emerging role of trace elements in epilepsy and metabolic disorders: a new frontier in neurotherapeutics","authors":"Sana EL Foutat,&nbsp;Abdelaati EL Khiat,&nbsp;Naima Fdil","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00852-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00852-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies investigating the relationship between trace element status and disease variability in humans are steadily increasing. Experimental and clinical data suggest that normal brain function critically depends on the homeostasis of several trace elements, and that disturbances in this balance may contribute to epileptogenesis. Trace elements in epilepsy have therefore emerged as a growing field of research, with numerous studies exploring the mechanisms by which different metal ions influence epileptic seizures in both animal models and patients. This review summarizes current evidence on the trace elements most frequently associated with epilepsy, including selenium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese, and highlights inherited metabolic disorders Menkes diseases and Congenital Hypomagnesemia, as well as selected mitochondrial syndromes, in which profound trace element imbalances converge with epileptic phenotypes. In addition, we discuss how antiepileptic drugs and the ketogenic diet can modify trace element levels in serum and other biological matrices. We performed a bibliographical synthesis to examine the correlation between epilepsy and abnormal concentrations of trace elements; namely zinc, copper, iron, selenium, manganese, magnesium and phosphorus, in blood and brain. Overall, available evidence suggests that trace element dysregulation may influence epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, and response to antiepileptic therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"1421 - 1448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated nutrient and plant growth regulator management improves cadmium phytoextraction in Ricinus communis","authors":"Ayaz Ahmad,&nbsp;Amin Ullah Jan,&nbsp;Khalid I. Hussein,&nbsp;Mohamed Sultan Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00842-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00842-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid industrialization and urbanization have intensified cadmium (Cd) contamination in terrestrial ecosystems. The development of sustainable and low-impact remediation approaches are therefore essential. Phytoremediation using plant species displaying high Cd tolerance offers a promising solution for Cd-extraction from contaminated soils. Current study investigated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs; gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid) and macronutrient fertilization on growth performance, biochemical traits and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of <i>Ricinus communis</i> (<i>R. communis</i>). A controlled pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with five replicates and integrating different combinations of PGRs and macronutrients treatments under Cd stress conditions. The plants, after harvest, were separated into roots, stems and leaves for comprehensive evaluation of growth and biochemical parameters. The combined treatment (NPK + GA₃ + IAA) produced the greatest increases in biomass accumulation, achieving fresh and dry weights of 3.83 and 1.53 g pot⁻¹ in roots, 1.53 and 0.61 g pot⁻¹ in shoots, 1.63 and 0.98 g pot⁻¹ in leaves, and 5.81 and 2.93 g pot⁻¹ for total plant biomass, respectively. A substantial improvement of 2.48 and 1.85 fold in the contents of Chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, respectively, was recorded when compared to the control (C1) plants. Proline and total phenolics increased substantially in both roots and leaves, indicating an improved osmotic adjustment and stress-tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) were significantly enhanced under the combined treatment. Moreover, Cd phytoextraction efficiency improved considerably exhibiting a maximum bioconcentration factor of 2.54. These findings demonstrate a significant enhancement in Cd-tolerance level, biomass productivity, antioxidant-mediated defense and phytoextraction potential of <i>R. communis</i>, henceforth, highlighting its promise for sustainable remediation of the Cd-contaminated soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"1939 - 1956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic intervened anarchy in cauda epididymis and spermatozoa of adult rats is amended by casein and pea enriched high protein diet","authors":"Sagnik Biswas,&nbsp;Priyankar Pal,&nbsp;Jeet Maity,&nbsp;Rubia Mondal,&nbsp;Prabir K. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00850-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00850-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arsenic-mediated male reprotoxicosis has emerged as a serious health concern. Arsenic-induced oxidative stress is known to impair sperm quality, cause erectile dysfunction, and lead to infertility. On the other hand, a formulated high-protein diet (FHPD) enriched with casein and pea is considered to possess significant antioxidant potential. The present study aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of such a protein-rich diet against arsenic-induced epididymal and spermatozoal dysfunctions. Adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group). Group I served as control and was maintained on a normal diet; Group II received arsenic (As₂O₃) at 3 mg/kg/day with the same diet; Group III was treated with arsenic and supplemented with an isocaloric FHPD for 30 consecutive days. Cauda epididymal histology, oxidative stress markers, ROS generation in spermatozoa, DNA damage, and apoptosis indicators in cauda and spermatozoa were assessed. FHPD protected against histological alterations in the cauda epididymis and restored redox homeostasis by reducing malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels, while increasing GSH content. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, catalase, and GST were normalized, along with Nrf2 levels. FHPD significantly reduced spermatozoal ROS production. DNA damage and apoptotic changes in both cauda and spermatozoa were mitigated, as evidenced by modulation in the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3. The prevalence of apoptotic spermatozoa also decreased following FHPD supplementation. These findings indicate that the antioxidant properties of FHPD offer significant protection against arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity, thereby preserving normal reproductive function.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"2061 - 2077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dietary calcium-to-magnesium ratio and its association with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Fabianne Nascimento Andrade,&nbsp;Matheus Menezes-Santos,&nbsp;Andréa Costa Goes,&nbsp;Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos,&nbsp;Silvânio Silvério Lopes da Costa,&nbsp;Samir Hipólito dos Santos,&nbsp;Vivianne de Sousa Rocha,&nbsp;Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,&nbsp;Liliane Viana Pires","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00834-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00834-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inadequate magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) intake has been associated with impaired glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An imbalanced dietary Ca/Mg ratio may affect the concentrations of these nutrients and contribute to poor disease control. This study investigated the association between the dietary Ca/Mg ratio, serum Ca and Mg levels, and glycemic biomarkers in individuals with T2DM. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in adults with T2DM. Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and body mass index were assessed. Dietary Ca and Mg intake was evaluated, and the Ca/Mg ratio was calculated. Plasma Ca and Mg were measured by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide, parathyroid hormone, and indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-%B), and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) were assessed. Participants were stratified according to dietary Ca/Mg ratio (≤ 2 and &gt; 2). Mann–Whitney or Student’s t tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, and linear regression analyses were performed (p &lt; 0.05). Of 115 individuals evaluated, 74% were females, with a median age of 49 years and median T2DM duration of 6 years. All participants had inadequate Mg intake (median dietary Ca/Mg ratio: 2.3). A lower dietary Ca/Mg ratio was correlated with higher HOMA-%S (p = 0.049), whereas a higher ratio correlated with higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.05) and C-peptide levels (p = 0.008). Furthermore, a higher dietary Ca/Mg ratio was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (β = − 4.588, p = 0.038). An imbalance between Mg and Ca levels was associated with greater insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"1835 - 1846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-026-00834-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of metals in cancer and the use of metal chelators as a potential treatment strategy","authors":"M. Fernanda C. Leal,&nbsp;Daniela A. Rocha,&nbsp;Inês Lopes Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00847-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00847-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biometals such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and selenium play crucial roles in cellular respiration, immunity, apoptosis, and signaling. However, their excessive accumulation can induce chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and trigger carcinogenesis. Iron addiction stands out for its importance in tumor cell replication and survival. Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Given the limitations of conventional therapies, new approaches have been explored, namely the use of metal chelators, with the aim of selectively modulating metal homeostasis in tumor cells. Metal chelation represents a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer. Metal chelators such as DFO and DFX demonstrate antineoplastic activity, although limited by low selectivity and systemic toxicity. Thiosemicarbazones, particularly Triapine, have demonstrated anticancer and antimetastatic activity in preclinical models, with clinical trials currently underway to treat tumors. SK4 appears to be a promising alternative, with greater selectivity for tumor cells, inducing apoptosis, demonstrating superior efficacy and lower toxicity. Its efficacy in preclinical models and selective profile support the need for clinical validation, potentially integrating more targeted, safe, and effective oncological therapy. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to analyze the role of metals in cancer and evaluate the therapeutic potential of metal chelators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"1385 - 1398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-026-00847-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and DNA binding of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes with a novel N,O-bidentate acylhydrazone","authors":"Aujenus Albert Msumange,&nbsp;Jeniffer Meyer Moreira,&nbsp;Deus Albert Msumange,&nbsp;Rafael Aparecido Carvalho Souza,&nbsp;Mário Machado Martins,&nbsp;Cristiane Storck Schwalm,&nbsp;Luana da Silva Dorneles,&nbsp;Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade,&nbsp;Raphael Rodrigues,&nbsp;Eduardo José de Arruda,&nbsp;Cláudio Teodoro de Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00856-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00856-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel acylhydrazone Schiff base ligand, 2-fluoro-N′-[(1E,2E)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]benzohydrazide (L), was synthesized and coordinated with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions. The resulting complexes were characterized using TGA–DSC, FTIR/ATR, HRESIMS, ¹H NMR, PXRD, elemental analysis, and complexometric titration, confirming a 1:2 metal-to-ligand stoichiometry and the formation of polycrystalline compounds. Coordination occurs via an N,O-bidentate mode through the enolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen, forming stable five-membered chelate rings. Thermal analysis revealed high stability, with decomposition leading to the metal oxides, while PXRD indicated crystallite sizes in the 20–50 nm range. Spectroscopic DNA-binding studies via UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated moderate hypochromism (20–41%) without significant bathochromic shifts, yielding intrinsic binding constants (K_b) on the order of 10⁴ L mol⁻¹. Viscosity measurements and ethidium bromide displacement assays corroborated a predominantly non-intercalative groove-binding mode. Molecular docking simulations supported these experimental findings, revealing plausible minor-groove binding poses stabilized by hydrogen bonding, halogen contacts, π–anion interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, consistent with the observed DNA-binding behavior. BSA fluorescence quenching studies suggested a predominant static quenching mechanism, with binding constants in the range of 10⁴–10⁵ M⁻¹, indicative of moderate, reversible ground-state complex formation with serum albumin and suggesting relevant protein-binding behavior. The combined experimental and theoretical data demonstrate that metal coordination enhances DNA affinity and modulates biomolecular interactions, particularly for the Ni(II) complex, highlighting the potential of this new acylhydrazone framework as a platform for DNA-binding coordination compounds and related studies of biomolecular interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"2135 - 2158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-026-00856-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triorganotin compounds as emerging nuclear retinoid X receptor ligands and their implications in cancer","authors":"Janette Bobalova,&nbsp;Dana Strouhalova","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00855-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-026-00855-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current efforts in anticancer drug discovery and development are focused on the synthesis and identification of novel complexes that can efficiently and selectively act on DNA and modulate the functions of target proteins. Triorganotins (R₃SnX), as one group of tin complexes, are among the most studied metal-based complexes in the field of anticancer drug development. These compounds have been reported to exhibit promising anticancer activity and provide several potential advantages, including a larger overall surface area, which contributes to increased lipophilicity and consequently higher cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. However, there is still a lack of information on the direct therapeutic targets of triorganotins, their in-depth understanding and useful therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes and critically evaluates current findings regarding triorganotin compounds in oncology research, emphasizing their potential interaction with RXR signaling pathways and the challenges associated with translating these findings into therapeutic practice.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 5","pages":"1449 - 1465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}