Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Liquid Smoke From Young Coconut Shells at Various Pyrolysis Temperature","authors":"Ressa Fitra Adinda, Muhammad Faisal, Fauzi Muhammad Djuned","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Young coconut shells contain wood components, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. These compounds can be used as raw materials for liquid smoke. The physical and biological characteristics of liquid smoke from young coconut shells pyrolysed at various temperatures were investigated in this study. Specifically, young coconut shells were pyrolysed at 300°C–420°C in a slow pyrolysis reactor. To eliminate tar, the liquid smoke was distilled at 190°C. Further, the chemical content of the liquid smoke was quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetic acid and phenol compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometry. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data revealed that liquid smoke contains over 15 chemical components, including phenolic acid, carboxylic acid and its derivatives. Antibacterial, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) tests were performed to analyse the antimicrobial properties of liquid smoke in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium. The pyrolysis temperatures affected the composition of the produced liquid smoke. The highest phenol and acetic acid content were found at 340°C and 380°C, where lignin is degraded into phenolic compounds and cellulose is degraded to produce acetic acid. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the maximum inhibition zone was obtained at 420°C, and at 340°C and 380°C the bacteria were inhibited and died.Abstrak: Tempurung kelapa muda mengandung komponen kayu seperti hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin. Senyawa ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku asap cair. Karakteristik fisik dan biologis asap cair dari tempurung kelapa muda yang dipirolisis pada berbagai suhu diselidiki dalam penelitian ini. Tempurung kelapa muda dipirolisis pada suhu 300 °C - 420 °C dalam reaktor pirolisis lambat. Untuk menghilangkan tar asap cair didistilasi pada suhu 190 °C. Selanjutnya, kandungan senyawa kimia asap cair dikuantifikasi menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Senyawa asam asetat dan fenol diidentifikasi menggunakan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Data gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) menunjukkan bahwa asap cair mengandung lebih dari 15 komponen kimia, termasuk asam fenolik, asam karboksilat dan turunannya. Uji antibakteri, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrantion (MIC) dan Minimum Killing Concentrantion (MKC) dilakukan untuk menganalisis sifat antimikroba asap cair dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium. Temperatur pirolisis mempengaruhi komposisi asap cair yang dihasilkan. Kandungan fenol dan asam asetat tertinggi ditemukan pada suhu 340°C dan 380°C, dimana pada suhu tersebut lignin terdegradasi menjadi senyawa fenol dan selulosa terdegradasi menghasilkan asam asetat. Hasil uji antibakteri menunj","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136065043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic Structure and Its Connection to The Quranic Verses' Context","authors":"Abdul Mujala, Muhammad Reza, Kana Puspita","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The growth of science in the twenty-first century, particularly in chemistry, is critically dependent on the integration of science and the Qur'an. Since numerous verses in the Qur'an disclose the fundamental principles of chemistry, such as the size of an atom, the integration of science and the Qur'an is nothing new in modern science, especially chemistry. As a result, this article will go into further detail regarding the atomic structure's physical setting and how it relates to Qur'anic verses. Writing this paper involved conducting literature searches on both contemporary science and Qur'anic interpretations of atomic structure. The word \"dzarrah\" appears in QS Az-Zalzalah verses 7-8, An-Nisa verse 40, and Yunus verse 61, and is interpreted as the size of a mustard seed that the human intellect may yet attain. However, \"dzarrah\" is often frequently interpreted as atomic size, since the atomic radius of the smallest atom (Hydrogen) and biggest atom (Organesson) atoms are 1.2 x 10-10 m and 1.52 x 10-10 m, respectively, with 1 million being smaller than the radius of mustard seed (5 x 10-4 m). Thus, the word dzarrah, which is translated as the size of a mustard seed, is less proportional to describe a much smaller atomic size. This atomic scale later served as a precursor for new developments in chemical research, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots.Abstrak: Integrasi sains dan Al-Qur’an menjadi dasar yang penting untuk pengembangan ilmu sains pada abad ke-21, khususnya dalam ilmu kimia. Integrasi sains dengan Al-Qur’an sebetulnya bukanlah hal baru dalam sains modern, khususnya kimia, karena ada banyak ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang mengungkapkan tentang konsep dasar kimia, misalnya ukuran atom. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan membahas secara lebih jelas tentang konteks materi struktur atom dan kaitannya dengan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an. Metode penulisan artikel ini menggunakan kajian literatur, baik itu dari segi sains modern dan tafsir Al-Qur’an tentang struktur atom. Kata “dzarrah” muncul dalam QS Az-Zalzalah ayat 7-8, QS An-Nisa ayat 40, dan QS Yunus ayat 61, yang ditafsirkan seukuran biji sawi yang ukurannya masih dapat dijangkau oleh pikiran manusia. Namun, “dzarrah” juga kerap diterjemahkan seukuran atom, padahal jari-jari 1 atom paling kecil (Hidrogen) dan paling besar (Organesson) berturut-turut adalah 1,2 x 10-10 m dan 1,52 x 10-10 m, dimana 1 juta lebih kecil dari jari-jari biji sawi (5 x 10-4 m). Sehingga kata dzarrah yang diterjemahkan sebagai ukuran biji sawi kurang proporsional untuk menggambarkan ukuran atom yang jauh lebih kecil. Ukuran atom ini kemudian menjadi cikal bakal perkembangan penelitian di bidang kimia, misalnya nanomaterial dan quantum dots.","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136065046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering and Risk Analysis of The Earthquake in Sulawesi Using Mini Batch K-Means, K-Medoids, and Maximum Likelihood Method","authors":"Amirin Kusmiran","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v8i2.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v8i2.13027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The earthquake events have been widely analyzed using a statistical approach. Therefore, the sole purpose of this research is clustering and risk analysis of earthquake events based on the combination of machine learning and statistics. The machine learning, conducted by Mini Batch K-Means and K-Medoids, is validated by the Davies-Bouldin index method to earthquake events cluster. Furthermore, the statistics approach conducted by the maximum likelihood method is to estimate the b-value and a-value of earthquake events. The data used in the earthquake events analysis in Sulawesi have a magnitude 5 SR during the period 1980-2022. The results show that the Mini Batch K-Means method is more efficient and accurate than the K-Medoids, and can cluster the earthquakes, namely cluster 0 below 100 km (shallow earthquake), cluster 1 above 100 km to 350 km (medium earthquake), cluster 2 above 350 km (deep earthquake), while K-Medoids method has two clusters namely cluster 0 below 100 km (shallow earthquake), and cluster 1 above 100 km to 350 km. The regions with b-value and a-value less than 0.9 and 7.5, respectively, and in cluster 0, namely the western part of North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Middle Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi Province, are as vulnerable to earthquake disasters. Meanwhile, the region in cluster 1 and cluster 2 with b-value and a-value more than 0.9 and 7.5 respectively namely South Sulawesi, the Northern part of North Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi Province, are categorized as minor earthquake disasters. Furthermore, the clustering and risk analysis based on these methods results are good performance, which has recognised cluster and vulnerability of the earthquake events.Abstrak: Kejadian gempa bumi telah banyak dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan statistik. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis kejadian gempa dengan menggunakan kombinasi pendekatan machine learning dengan statistik. Pendekatan machine learning dilakukan dengan metode baru yakni metode Mini Batch K-Means dan K-Medoids yang divalidasi dengan metode Davies-Bouldin indeks yang digunakan untuk mengklaster kejadian gempa, sedangkan pendekatan secara statistik dilakukan dengan metode maximum likelihood untuk mengestimasi kerentanan gempa bumi berdasarkan nilai-b dan nilai-a. Data yang digunakan yakni data kejadian gempa di Sulawesi dengan magnitudo ≥ 5 SR dengan periode 1980-2022. Hasil menunjukan bahwa metode Mini Batch K-Means lebih effisien dan akurat dibandingkan dengan metode K-Medoids, dan mengklasifikasi tiga klaster kedalaman gempa, yakni klaster 0 dengan kedalaman kurang dari 100 km (gempa dangkal), klaster 1 dengan kedalaman diantara 100 km dengan 350 km (gempa menengah), klaster 2 dengan kedalaman lebih dari 350 km (gempa dalam). Sementara metode K-Medoids dua klaster kedalama gempa, yakni klaster 0 dengan kedalaman dibawah 100 km (gempa dangkal), dan klaster 1 dengan kedalaman lebih dari 100 km. Beberapa wilayah yang mempunyai nilai-b dan ","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136065172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Graphene By Coconut Shell As an Electrode Primary Battery Cell","authors":"Elsa Pasaribu, Rikson Siburian, Minto Supeno","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14880","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Coconut shells are a natural resource that contains a lot of carbon (C). The pyrolysis process can be used to create coconut shells. A single layer of carbon atoms that have undergone sp2 hybridization to form a hexagonal, two-dimensional structure is known as Graphene. Graphene has excellent potential for battery manufacturing applications, supercapacitors, etc. Activated carbon and the pyrolisis method of producing Graphene were combined and heated to 600 oC for one hour. The graphene generated is assessed using an XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Raman, and conductometer. The results of the X-ray diffractogram analysis revealed that the peaks at 2θ = 23,87o and 44,5o are not particularly sharp and slightly broadened. It means Graphene are well formed. SEM-EDX investigation reveals that the surface size and shape structure is smaller and thinner, a flat pile dominated by carbon atoms. The result of conductometer analysis shows the electrical conductivity of Graphene is quite good, but Graphene can still not control the movement of electrons. Graphene has layer distances between Graphene and Graphene layers are 3.3 Å (TEM data), with many Graphene layers being 0.85 (multi-layer) (Raman data).Abstrak: Batok kelapa merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang mengandung banyak karbon (C). Proses pirolisis dapat digunakan untuk membuat batok kelapa. Satu lapisan atom karbon yang telah mengalami hibridisasi sp2 untuk membentuk struktur dua dimensi heksagonal dikenal sebagai Grafena. Grafena memiliki potensi besar untuk aplikasi pembuatan baterai, superkapitasitor, dan sebagainya. Karbon aktif dengan metode pirolisis untuk memproduksi Grafena dipanaskan hingga 600 oC selama satu jam. Grafena yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Raman, and Konductometer. Hasil analisis difraktogram sinar-X mengungkapkan bahwa puncak pada 2θ = 24,22o dan 44o tidak terlalu tajam dan sedikit melebar. Ini berarti Grafena terbentuk dengan baik. Analisis SEM-EDX mengungkapkan bahwa ukuran permukaan dan struktur bentuk lebih kecil dan lebih tipis dan itu adalah tumpukan datar yang didominasi oleh atom karbon. Hasil analisis konduktometer menunjukkan konduktivitas listrik Grafena cukup baik, namun Grafena masih belum mampu mengontrol pergerakan elektron. Grafena memiliki jarak lapisan antara lapisan Grafena dan Grafena adalah 3,3 Å (data TEM) dengan jumlah lapisan Grafena adalah 0,85 (multilapisan) (data Raman).","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136065045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar an Acid-Free Hydrothermal Method","authors":"Marpongahtun Marpongahtun, Rufina Pramudita, Saharman Gea, Amru Daulay","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14524","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Carbon dots have gained much interest due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties, making them useful for a wide range of applications. Here Empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar was used as a carbon source in a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and reproducible hydrothermal method for producing carbon quantum dots. In this study, the role of the hydrothermal process was seen and studied by comparing the shape and fluorescence. Exciting results from HRTEM show that the carbon quantum dots in the sample are 4 nm in size. The obtained CD emits bright blue luminescence, and the absorption peak of the carbon dots was observed in the UV region with maximum absorption at 205 nm and 322 nm. The light CD shows an intense sky blue color upon illumination by a UV-light source at 365 nm. The intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra sharply increases with decreasing concentration of carbon dots. Meanwhile, the CD exhibited excitation-dependence, photo-stability, and well dispersibility. These results suggest that the present CD are potential applications in optoelectronics and imaging.Abstrak: Karbon dots telah menarik banyak perhatian karena sifat listrik dan optik yang luar biasa, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi. Penelitian ini, menggunakan biochar tandan buah kosong (EFB) sebagai sumber karbon dengan metode hidrotermal yang ramah lingkungan untuk menghasilkan karbon dots. Hasil HR-TEM yang menarik menunjukkan bahwa sampel karbon dots berukuran 4 nm. Karbon dots yang diperoleh memancarkan sinar biru terang dan puncak serapan titik karbon diamati pada spektrofotometri Uv-Vis dengan serapan maksimum pada 205 nm dan 322 nm. Intensitas karbon dots menunjukkan warna biru langit di cahaya UV pada 365 nm. Intensitas spektroskopi luminesens meningkat tajam dengan menurunnya konsentrasi titik karbon. Sementara itu, karbon dots menunjukkan eksitasi, stabilitas, dan dispersibilitas baik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa karbon dots dapat digunakan pada beberapa aplikasi seperti dalam optoelektronik dan pencitraan.","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136065048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Tungsten Trioxide/Hydroxyapatite (WO3/HAp) Photocatalyst For Methylene Blue Degradation","authors":"Khalid Mizar, Sri Mulyati, Nasrul Arahman","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.16525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.16525","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Dyes have toxic properties and complex chemical structures which become a threat to the ecosystem if it exposes to the environment. A photocatalyst is a semiconductor material that can run a photocatalytic process under UV or visible light to degrade most organic molecules, ideally to H2O and CO2. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a visible photocatalyst which could use sunlight irradiation to treat the wastewater pollutant. In this study, WO3 material was hybridized with hydroxyapatite (HAp) through the sol-gel method to degrade methylene blue (MB) synthetic pollutants. The FTIR and SEM-EDX characterization confirmed the presence element of the WO3/HAp hybrid material. The original WO3 and modified WO3/HAp photocatalysts with concentrations of 10, 15, and 20 mg were tested to degrade 15 ppm of 50 ml MB solution under visible light for 4 hours. The highest pollutant degradation was obtained using a 20 mg photocatalyst, which reached the photodegradation efficiency of 73.072% for WO3 and 88.689% for WO3/HAp. The result proved that WO3/HAp hybrid photocatalyst showed higher degradation performance than the unmodified WO3 photocatalyst. The results of this research can be developed for industrial wastewater treatment, including the papermaking, printing and dyeing industries.Abstrak: Zat warna memiliki sifat beracun dan memiliki struktur kimia kompleks yang dapat menjadi ancaman bagi ekosistem apabila terpapar ke lingkungan. Fotokatalis heterogen menggunakan semikonduktor yang memicu proses fotokatalitik dengan bantuan sinar UV atau sinar tampak dalam mendegradasi kebanyakan limbah organik, menjadi H2O dan CO2. Tungsten trioksida (WO3) merupakan fotokatalis yang dapat menggunakan cahaya matahari untuk mendegradasi polutan pada air limbah. Pada penelitian ini, WO3 dihibridisasi dengan hidroksiapatit (HAp) melalui metode sol-gel untuk mendegradasi polutan sintetik Methylene Blue (MB). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR dan SEM-EDX mengkonfirmasi unsur-unsur penyusun material WO3/HAp. Fotokatalis WO3 munri dan WO3/HAp yang dimodifikasi diuji untuk mendegradasi 15 ppm larutan MB 50 ml di bawah cahaya tampak selama 4 jam dengan konsentrasi 10, 15 dan 20 mg. Degradasi polutan tertinggi diperoleh dengan menggunakan fotokatalis 20 mg yang mencapai efisiensi 73,072% untuk WO3 dan 88,689% untuk WO3/HAp. Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa fotokatalis hybrid WO3/HAp menunjukkan kinerja degradasi yang lebih baik daripada fotokatalis WO3 tanpa modifikasi.","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136300089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application and Relevancy of Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) Model in Indonesia","authors":"M. Faisi Ikhwali, Budi Azhari, Alfin Khari, Suardi Nur, Abd Mujahid Hamdan, Kingkao Prommacot","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.14577","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Indonesia has a very large number of watersheds and has a very diverse size. Damage to several watersheds in Indonesia has also occurred and often results in catastrophic floods and droughts that threaten people. The presence of the RRI Model with its capabilities will help contribute to watershed management in order to solve water resource problems. The RRI model is a two-dimensional (2D) model capable of simulating runoff, rainfall, and flood inundation simultaneously. The use of this model in Indonesia has reached 13 times which was compiled based on the number of publications on the application of the RRI model. All of these publications have passed peer-reviewed papers from both journals and conference papers. Applications have been made in several places including the Solo watershed, the Upper Citarum watershed, the Batanghari watershed, and the upstream Brantas watershed. Given the increasing number of problematic watersheds in Indonesia, the use of this model has the prospect and relevancy of being carried out in other watersheds. However, until now, researchers have had challenges in building hydrological models because of the constraints on the availability of climatological and hydrological data in the watershed. Therefore, in addition to improving the data measuring infrastructure in the field, remote sensing techniques are also needed in an effort to generate targeted watershed information. In fact, the effort to utilize remote sensing in generating unmeasurable data in the field has been successfully conducted in several studies.Abstrak: Indonesia memliki jumlah DAS yang sangat banyak dan memiliki ukuran yang sangat beragam. Kerusakan beberapa DAS di Indonesia juga telah terjadi dan sering berakibat bencana banjir dan kekeringan yang mengancam penduduk setempat. Kehadiran Model RRI dengan kemampuannya akan membantu berkontribusi dalam memajemen DAS ataupun dalam usaha untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan sumberdaya air. Model RRI adalah suatu model dua dimensi (2D) yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mensimulasikan limpasan curah hujan dan genangan banjir secara simultan. Penggunaan model RRI ini di Indonesia telah mencapai 13 kali, yang tercatat berdasarkan jumlah publikasi yang terkait dengan aplikasi model RRI. Semua publikasi tersebut telah melewati peer-review baik dari jurnal maupun dari konferensi. Aplikasi telah dilakukan dibeberapa tempat termasuk DAS Solo, DAS Citarum, DAS Batanghari, dan DAS Brantas. Mengingat jumlah DAS yang bermasalah di Indonesia semakin meningkat, maka penggunaan model ini memiliki prospek untuk dilakukan di DAS lain. Namun sampai saat ini, para peneliti memiliki tantangan dalam membangun permodelan hidrologi karena terkendala pada ketersediaan data klimatologi dan hidrologi di dalam DAS. Oleh karena itu, selain peningkatan infrastruktur pengukur data dilapangan dan teknik pengindraan jauh juga diperlukan dalam usaha menyediakan informasi DAS yang ditargetkan. Usaha penggunaan teknik pengindraan jauh ","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136300266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Activated Bentonite in Local Salt Purification","authors":"Muslimah Muslimah, Puji Wahyuningsih, Yusnawati Yusnawati","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.15229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.15229","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Various purification techniques have been developed to improve the quality of local salt, especially the NaCl content of more than 94%. One of the binding materials used in salt purification is bentonite. This study aims to synthesize modified bentonite using hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and measure the metal content of NaCl, Pb, Ca, and Mg using AAS. The synthesis of activated bentonite was carried out using the hydrolysis method using 0.1 M HCl (1:10). Bentonite was separated from the filtrate and dried at 110°C for 2 hours. Bentonite, which had been activated with HCl, was dried again at 170°C for four hours. Analytical methods such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM were used to characterize HCl-activated bentonite. The results of the analysis showed that the acid activation process did not change the basal spacing d001 on the bentonite diffractogram. FTIR analysis showed that there was a shift in the -OH stretching vibration towards a lower wave number and a decrease in the absorption intensity. The activation process will reduce the pore size and increase the surface area and porosity of the bentonite. The results of the AAS analysis showed that the NaCl content in the salt increased after the purification process using acid-activated bentonite, followed by a decrease in the metal content of Mg. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that HCl-activated bentonite is effectively used in the salt purification process to improve salt quality.Abstrak:Berbagai teknik pemurnian telah dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam lokal, khususnya kandungan NaCl besar dari 94%. Salah satu zat pengikat yang digunakan dalam pemurnian garam adalah bentonit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bentonit termodifikasi menggunakan larutan asam klorida (HCl), dan mengukur kadar logam NaCl, Pb, Ca, dan Mg menggunakan metode SSA. Sintesis bentonit teraktivasi dilakukan menggunakan metode hidrolisis menggunakan 0,1 M HCl (1:10).Bentonit dipisahkan dari filtrat dan dikeringkan pada suhu 110°C selama 2 jam. Bentonit yang telah diaktivasi dengan HCl dikeringkan kembali pada suhu 170°C selama empat jam. Metode analisis seperti XRD, FTIR, dan SEM digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi bentonit teraktivasi HCl. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa proses aktivasi asam tidak mengubah basal spacing d001 pada difraktogram bentonit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan terjadi pergeseran vibrasi ulur -OH ke arah bilangan gelombang yang lebih rendah dan penurunan intensitas serapan. Proses aktivasi akan memperkecil ukuran pori dan memperbesar luas permukaan serta porositas pada bentonit. Hasil analisis SSA menunjukkan bahwa kandungan NaCl pada garam mengalami peningkatan setelah proses pemurnian menggunakan bentonit teraktivasi asam yang diikuti dengan penurunan kadar logam Mg. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentonit teraktivasi HCl efektif digunakan dalam proses pemurnian garam untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam.","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel Films Derived Water Hyacinth Stems And Banana Peels Pectin: Tensile Performance And Swelling Ability","authors":"Retno Febriyanti, Muthia Elma, Iryanti Fatyasari Nata, Ni Kadek Devi Ananda Saraswati, Paskah Fransiska Afrida Simatupang","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v9i1.16419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v9i1.16419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Hydrogel films are sheet materials that form a 3D network structure and can be fabricated from one or more constituent materials. A combination of two natural polymers, namely carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from water hyacinth stems (WHS) and banana peel pectin, constructs these hydrogel films that are used as coating materials for food packaging. Citric acid replenishment to stabilize the cross-linking of the hydrogel films. This study is intended to determine the effect of WHSCMC, pectin, and citric acid on the swelling abilities and tensile performances of hydrogel films. CMC synthesis begins with harvesting water hyacinth stems obtained from the Gambut area waters in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Then carried out the extraction and bleaching processes of cellulose. Cellulose extract powder was processed in two stages, videlicet alkalization and carboxymethylation, to obtain cellulose derivatives in the form of CMC. The results of WHSCMC were analyzed using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) and compared with commercial CMC. Giving results with significant similarity at the peaks of 998 cm-1 and 1015 cm-1, specifically the ether glycosidic group. Fabrication of hydrogel films combines WHSCMC and banana peel pectin with various compositions (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 wt.%) with added citric acid as an aid for crosslinking at various concentrations (5, 10, and 15 wt.%). Hydrogel films sample 70:30, 5 wt.% (CPc-5) gave optimum results from the characterization of hydrogel films related to food packaging application coatings in the form of swelling ability of 6,647 g/g, tensile strength of 11,770 MPa, and elongation test of 11,896%. FT-IR analysis of CPc-5 indicates that there are carboxyl groups (COO-) and hydroxyl groups (-OH), which play a role in the formation of cross-links and hydrophilic properties.Abstrak: Film hidrogel merupakan material lembaran yang membentuk struktur jaringan 3D dan dapat dibuat dari satu atau lebih bahan penyusun. Kombinasi dua polimer alami, yaitu karboksimetil selulosa (CMC) yang berasal dari batang eceng gondok (BEG) dan pektin kulit pisang membentuk film hidrogel yang digunakan sebagai bahan pelapis kemasan makanan. Penambahan asam sitrat untuk menstabilkan ikatan silang film hidrogel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh CMC BEG, pektin, dan asam sitrat terhadap kemampuan pembengkakan dan kinerja kekuatan tarik film hidrogel. Sintesis CMC diawali dengan pemanenan batang eceng gondok yang diperoleh dari perairan daerah Gambut, Kalimantan Selatan-Indonesia. Kemudian dilakukan proses ekstraksi dan pemutihan selulosa. Serbuk ekstrak selulosa diproses dalam dua tahap yaitu alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi untuk mendapatkan turunan selulosa berupa CMC. Hasil CMC BEG dianalisis menggunakan FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) dan dibandingkan dengan CMC komersial. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah adanya kemiripan pada puncak 998 cm-1 dan 1015 cm-1, yaitu gugus eter glikosidik. Pembuatan film","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136300429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodeoxygenation of Castor Oil As an Alternative Source of Biohydrocarbon Using Nickel Catalyst Loaded On Hzsm-5 Zeolite","authors":"Muhammad Abimansyah Saragih, Muhammad Irvan Hasibuan, Loren Simangunsong, Ahmad Nasir Pulungan, Junifa Layla Sihombing","doi":"10.22373/ekw.v8i2.12583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v8i2.12583","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The need for energy continues to increase along with rapid population growth. Fuel is one of the most critical energy sectors. However, the limited availability of fossil fuels and the issue of air pollution have prompted various studies to find alternative fuels that are renewable and environmentally friendly. In this study, the conversion of castor oil into biohydrocarbons through the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process using the HZSM-5 catalyst loaded with Ni (Ni/HZSM-5) aims to produce biohydrocarbon products as a component of liquid fuel. This research has been carried out in 3 main stages, including: 1) Catalyst preparation; 2) Catalyst characterization; and 3) Activity and selectivity test of HZSM-5 catalyst and Ni/HZSM-5 in the hydrodeoxygenation process of castor oil at reaction temperatures of 350 oC, 375 oC, and 400 oC. The conversion results of castor oil using HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were 3.23%, 25.65%, 43.72%, and 13.78%, 35.03%, 71.01%, respectively. From the GC-MS analysis data on the product at 400 oC, the selectivity of HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 was 20.02% and 23.71% for the kerosene fraction, as well as 15.79% and 11.01% for the gasoil fraction, respectively.Abstrak: Kebutuhan energi terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang sangat pesat. Salah satu sektor energi yang paling dibutuhkan adalah bahan bakar minyak. Namun kesediaan bahan bakar fosil yang terbatas dan isu pencemaran polusi udara, mendorong berbagai penelitian untuk menemukan alternatif bahan bakar yang terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini, konversi minyak jarak menjadi biohidrokarbon melalui proses hidrodeoksigenasi (HDO) menggunakan katalis HZSM-5 teremban logam Ni (Ni/HZSM-5) bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk biohidrokarbon sebagai komponen bahan bakar cair. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dengan 3 tahapan utama yaitu 1) Preparasi katalis, 2) Karakterisasi katalis, 3) Uji aktivitas dan selektifitas katalis HZSM-5 serta Ni/HZSM-5 dalam proses hidrodeoksigenasi minyak biji jarak dengan temperatur proses 350 oC, 375 oC, dan 400 oC. Hasil konversi minyak biji jarak dengan menggunakan katalis HZSM-5 dan katalis Ni/HZSM-5 berturut-turut sebesar 3.23%, 25.65%, 43.72% dan 13.78%, 35.03%, 71.01%. Dari data analisis GC-MS produk di suhu 400 oC diperoleh selektivitas katalis HZSM-5 dan katalis Ni/HZSM-5 berturut-turut adalah 20.02% dan 23.71% untuk fraksi kerosene, serta 15.79% dan 11.01% untuk fraksi gasoil.","PeriodicalId":491736,"journal":{"name":"Elkawnie: journal of islamic science and technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}