{"title":"Impact of prenatal micro/nanoplastics exposure on intrauterine development and growth: a systematic review.","authors":"Menghan Sha, Jing Peng, Ying Yang, Norbert Zhong, Yun Zhao","doi":"10.1017/S2040174425100159","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174425100159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution has become a global environmental concern due to its widespread presence and diverse sources. These tiny plastic particles, originating from industrial processes, plastic waste degradation, and consumer products, have infiltrated various ecosystems, food chains, and even human tissues. Recent studies indicate that MNPs are not only pervasive in air, water, and soil but also accumulate in the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. However, the implications of MNPs exposure, particularly during pregnancy, remain poorly understood. Of critical concern is the potential transfer of MNPs and their associated chemical additives across the placental barrier, posing risks to fetal development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze mainstream technologies used for detecting and characterizing MNPs, including spectroscopy- and microscopy-based approaches, as well as emerging detection methods. We also examine recent findings on the toxicity of MNP-associated chemicals, such as endocrine-disrupting compounds and heavy metals, which may have long-term effects on human health. Particular emphasis is placed on how maternal exposure to MNPs could impact offspring development, potentially leading to neurodevelopmental disorders, metabolic disturbances, and immune system dysregulation. Despite growing concerns, research gaps persist regarding the precise mechanisms through which MNPs influence maternal and fetal health. The findings recommend for further multidisciplinary research to assess the long-term consequences of prenatal MNPs exposure. Addressing these uncertainties is crucial for informing public health policies, mitigating risks, and ensuring the well-being of pregnant women and future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cédrik Marchildon, Mélina Arguin, Myriam Doyon, Samantha Côté, Andréanne Michaud, Julia Huck, Véronique Gingras, Patrice Perron, Marie-France Hivert, Luigi Bouchard, Kevin Whittingstall
{"title":"Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated specifically with larger hypothalamic volumes at 12 years of age.","authors":"Cédrik Marchildon, Mélina Arguin, Myriam Doyon, Samantha Côté, Andréanne Michaud, Julia Huck, Véronique Gingras, Patrice Perron, Marie-France Hivert, Luigi Bouchard, Kevin Whittingstall","doi":"10.1017/S204017442510041X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S204017442510041X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with higher risk of metabolic diseases in offspring. Despite various hypotheses, the exact mechanisms remain unclear and the neural implication is yet to be fully investigated. The hypothalamus plays a critical role in energy regulation. In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia might selectively affect the developing hypothalamus. To test this hypothesis, we investigated associations between <i>in utero</i> exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and hypothalamic volume at 10-12 years of age. We included 82 mother-child pairs from the Gen3G prospective birth cohort, followed up 10-12 years after birth. Women underwent a 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 24-30 weeks of gestation, and we calculated the area-under-the-curve of glucose (AUCgluc) from maternal glucose measurements at fasting, 1h and 2h during OGTT to reflect prenatal hyperglycemia exposure. During the follow-up visit at 10-12 years of age, a subsample of children (<i>n</i> = 82) completed 3 T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify brain volumes with FreeSurfer 7. We used Pearson correlations and partial correlations with adjustments to test associations between the AUCgluc and offspring hypothalamic brain volumes. We found that higher maternal AUCgluc was associated with greater total offspring hypothalamic volume (<i>r</i> = 0.30; <i>p</i> = 0.006). In comparison, no other brain region was significantly correlated with the maternal AUCgluc. Correlations remain significant when adjusted for maternal or offspring's variables. Overall, we found that higher maternal glycemic response following OGTT in pregnancy appears associated with larger offspring hypothalamic volume. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to hyperglycemia may lead to hypothalamic programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fiona Kirkham-Wilson, Leo Westbury, Nicholas Fuggle, Faidra Laskou, Cyrus Cooper, Elaine Dennison
{"title":"The relationship between early life and pain among individuals with knee osteoarthritis: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.","authors":"Fiona Kirkham-Wilson, Leo Westbury, Nicholas Fuggle, Faidra Laskou, Cyrus Cooper, Elaine Dennison","doi":"10.1017/S2040174425100421","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174425100421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have linked lower birth weight to development of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). We examined early life factors in relation to subsequent knee pain among individuals with radiographic OA. 143 participants from the UK Hertfordshire Cohort study were included. Birth weight and weight at one year (WA1) were ascertained from health ledgers and used to derive conditional infant weight gain (CIWG). At baseline and follow-up, heath questionnaires (including knee pain) and knee radiographs were collected. Only those with radiographic knee OA at baseline were analysed. Logistic regression was used to examine early life factors in relation to pain. Pain at follow-up was common (men 41.3%, women 50%). Greater WA1 and greater CIWG were related to reduced risk of knee pain at follow-up after adjustment for sex and follow-up time. CIWG was protective against knee pain at follow-up, with this association attenuated after adjustment for follow-up osteophyte score. Validation in larger studies is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyana Keiko Shishido, Larissa Rugila Dos Santos Stopa, Rhauany Pelisson Guergolette, Ana Luiza Machado Wunderlich, Danielly Duarte Aguiar, Lucas Leonardo França de Oliveira, Fabiano Tsutsui, Ana Carolina Valverde Silva, Isabella Maria Tomaz Bissochi, Maria Clara Alves Schroeder, Yhassodara Narimatsu Oliveira, Mariana Weinhardt Nieddermeyer, Raul Henrique Tonin Santos, Ayna Isabelle Lino, Emanuelle Passos Cerqueira, Lucas Valente, Thaïs T B V Zaia, Cristiane Mota Leite, Ernane Uchoa
{"title":"Paternal obesity by lactation overnutrition induces sex-related metabolic and reproductive changes in their offspring.","authors":"Polyana Keiko Shishido, Larissa Rugila Dos Santos Stopa, Rhauany Pelisson Guergolette, Ana Luiza Machado Wunderlich, Danielly Duarte Aguiar, Lucas Leonardo França de Oliveira, Fabiano Tsutsui, Ana Carolina Valverde Silva, Isabella Maria Tomaz Bissochi, Maria Clara Alves Schroeder, Yhassodara Narimatsu Oliveira, Mariana Weinhardt Nieddermeyer, Raul Henrique Tonin Santos, Ayna Isabelle Lino, Emanuelle Passos Cerqueira, Lucas Valente, Thaïs T B V Zaia, Cristiane Mota Leite, Ernane Uchoa","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100440","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174426100440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prenatal period, childhood, and adolescence are critical periods of development characterized by high plasticity. As an extension of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm, known as Origins of Paternal Health and Disease (POHaD), recent studies in rodents provide evidence that paternal obesity is associated not only with infertility but also with an increased risk of metabolic disorders in the offspring. In rodents, litter size reduction is used to induce lactational overfeeding by increasing the amount of breast milk to pups, which causes metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthood. This work evaluated the metabolic and reproductive alterations in the offspring of males raised in normal or small litter (SL) in the prepubertal period and in adult life. The results show that paternal obesity due to early overfeeding affects the offspring in a sex-specific manner. During the prepubertal period, male offspring of SL fathers showed decreased Lee index, tibia length, and HDL plasma levels, and increased weight of gastrocnemius muscle, while female offspring of SL fathers only showed reduced HDL plasma levels. In adulthood, male offspring of overfed males showed glucose intolerance and reduced food intake and triglycerides plasma levels, signs of metabolic dysfunction. Female offspring of overfed males showed delayed puberty onset and higher prevalence of infertile periods in the estrous cycles, indicating a potential susceptibility to reproductive dysfunction. The results of the current study show that paternal obesity due to early overfeeding affects energy balance and reproduction of their offspring in a sex-specific manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Shchetinina, Xianjing Liu, Natalie Slopen, Christina Chambers, Eppo Wolvius, Manfred Kayser, Gennady Roshchupkin, Henning Tiemeier
{"title":"Using facial morphology traits related to attention problems in children to identify prenatal exposure history - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Anna Shchetinina, Xianjing Liu, Natalie Slopen, Christina Chambers, Eppo Wolvius, Manfred Kayser, Gennady Roshchupkin, Henning Tiemeier","doi":"10.1017/S2040174426100464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174426100464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marion Plourde, Ines Batellier, Mathilde Remy, Céline Fassot, Daniel Henrion, Anne-Laure Guihot, Linda Grimaud, Manuela Garcia, Jennifer Bourreau, Clément Tétaud, Agnès Barbelivien, Françoise Joubaud, Florence Boux de Casson, Agnès Sallé, Régis Coutant, Françoise Schmitt, Géraldine Gascoin
{"title":"Impact of obesity and preconceptional bariatric surgery on feto-placental unit in a rat model: a preliminary study.","authors":"Marion Plourde, Ines Batellier, Mathilde Remy, Céline Fassot, Daniel Henrion, Anne-Laure Guihot, Linda Grimaud, Manuela Garcia, Jennifer Bourreau, Clément Tétaud, Agnès Barbelivien, Françoise Joubaud, Florence Boux de Casson, Agnès Sallé, Régis Coutant, Françoise Schmitt, Géraldine Gascoin","doi":"10.1017/S2040174425100408","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174425100408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity and overweight in pregnant women increase pregnancy and neonatal morbidity with a risk of metabolic syndrome for children in later life. Maternal preconceptional bariatric surgery reduces maternal and paediatric outcomes but may induce fetal nutritional deficiencies and intrauterine growth restriction through placental reprogramming. The aim of this study was to describe feto-placental unit modifications induced by obesity, and the effect of bariatric surgery performed before gestation, on a diet-induced obese rat model. One month after surgery, rats of 'control', 'obese' and 'bariatric surgery' groups were mated and then sacrificed at D19 of gestation. Clinical description, immuno-histochemistry and molecular analyses were performed on feto-placental units. Obesity induces placental modifications including lipid accumulations, increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Some of these modifications are partially restored by maternal preconceptional bariatric surgery. On the other hand, a reduction in the expression of markers of glucose transport, insulin function and amino acid transport, after bariatric surgery was observed. This phenotype may lead to fetal caloric restriction, adoption of a 'thrifty phenotype' and subsequently fetal growth restriction. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of a close follow-up of women who have undergone bariatric surgery and their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146068055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo, Kevin Herrejón, Roberto Ruiz-González, Angélica Roque, Jonathan Zamudio-Flores, Naima Lajud
{"title":"Mild fructose diet during periadolescent development increases emotionality, but not metabolic consequences of early life adversity in rats.","authors":"Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo, Kevin Herrejón, Roberto Ruiz-González, Angélica Roque, Jonathan Zamudio-Flores, Naima Lajud","doi":"10.1017/S2040174425100433","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174425100433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early life stress (ELS) increases the risk of metabolic disorders such as obesity, as well as neuropsychiatric conditions including depression. Adolescence represents a critical window for metabolic programming, particularly under the influence of ELS and poor dietary habits. Animal models of ELS, such as maternal separation (MS180), induce long-term alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, glucose metabolism, and emotionality; however, it remains unclear whether this paradigm increases vulnerability to a chronic metabolic challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MS180 on male rats provided with mild fructose in drinking water starting at postnatal day (P) 21. Control and MS180 (3 h daily, from postnatal day 1 to day 14) rats were given a choice of normal water or a 10% fructose solution for 10 weeks, with standard animal facility-reared (STD) animals serving as controls. Innate emotionality was assessed using the forced swimming test. Animals were implanted with a jugular vein catheter and we evaluated fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and baseline corticosterone (CORT) levels after one week. Our findings showed that only MS180 + Fructose rats showed a decrease in swimming and increased immobility in the forced swimming test, and previously reported effects of MS180 were only observed when performing simple comparisons. MS180 also increased body weight gain, caloric intake, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated baseline CORT levels; however, these effects were not exacerbated by fructose. These findings suggest that even low-level fructose exposure during periadolescence may exacerbate behavioral, but not metabolic, vulnerabilities induced by ELS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Shchetinina, Xianjing Liu, Natalie Slopen, Christina Chambers, Eppo Wolvius, Manfred Kayser, Genndy Roshchupkin, Henning Tiemeier
{"title":"Using facial morphology traits related to attention problems in children to identify prenatal exposure history.","authors":"Anna Shchetinina, Xianjing Liu, Natalie Slopen, Christina Chambers, Eppo Wolvius, Manfred Kayser, Genndy Roshchupkin, Henning Tiemeier","doi":"10.1017/S2040174425100391","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2040174425100391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain development and face morphology are related through underlying biological mechanisms, namely embryonic neuroectodermal processes. This study examined whether the facial parameters identified in children can help understand the neurodevelopmental impact of prenatal exposures on child behavior. We studied 9- to 10-year-old children of European descent from Generation R Study (<i>N</i> = 2,779) with three-dimensional face photographs. With an AI model of a 3D graph autoencoder, each facial shape was compressed into 200 traits representing facial morphology. We examined associations of traits with internalizing and externalizing behaviors and attention problems. Next, select prenatal substance and micronutrient exposures were related to facial traits using adjusted linear regression analyses. We identified a robust association between one specific facial trait and attention problem scores (<i>β</i> = -1.47, <i>p</i> = 0.038). This trait features chin retrusion, mild nasal contour variation, nose tip protrusion, and overall facial asymmetry. Higher prenatal vitamin D and folic acid concentrations were associated with more facial curvature (<i>β</i> = 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.00001 to 0.0002, <i>p</i> = 0.002; and <i>β</i> = 0.0003, 95%CI: 0.00002 to 0.0005, <i>p</i> = 0.03 accordingly), while prenatal tobacco smoking showed a negative association both until the mother became aware of pregnancy (<i>β</i> = -0.008, 95%CI: -0.0135 to -0.0014, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and throughout pregnancy (<i>β</i> = -0.006, 95%CI: -0.0113 to -0.0005, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Findings suggest that facial morphology may serve as a marker of impaired neuroectodermal development. Leveraging its association with attention problems enabled a robust examination of prenatal exposures' impact. The associations of maternal smoking, vitamin D, and folic acid concentrations with facial morphology provide insights into the origins of neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vitamin B12 and expression of methylases and demethylases in cord blood: a novel exploratory finding in the Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adolescents (PRIYA) trial.","authors":"Shubhankar Pawar, Sukeshini Khandagale, Shruti Amin, Vipul Wagh, Rucha Wagh, Vinesh Kamble, Caroline Fall, Sanjeev Galande, Chittaranjan Sakerlal Yajnik, Satyajeet Pramod Khare","doi":"10.1017/S204017442510038X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S204017442510038X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal deficiency of vitamin B12 (B12) is associated with neural tube defects, fetal growth restriction, and future risk of non-communicable disease in the offspring. Little is known about the molecular basis of these associations. We hypothesized that B12 regulates the expression of fetal genes, thereby influencing fetal growth and fetal programming. We investigated the association of B12 and other micronutrient concentrations in the cord blood with gene expression in the cord blood mononuclear cells. We performed a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) on cord blood transcriptome of babies born in a pre-conception trial Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adolescents of B12 and multi-micronutrients (MMN). The gene modules (clusters) in WGCNA that showed a significant correlation with cord blood B12 and MMN were subjected to gene ontology (GO) analysis. WGCNA generated 23 different modules. Cord blood B12 concentrations were strongly correlated with modules of genes involved in methylation reactions and gene regulation. Cord B2 concentrations correlated with gene modules associated with demethylation reactions. Vitamins B6 and B9 did not show a unique association either with gene modules or specific GO terms. Our results demonstrate that maternal B12 may regulate expression of fetal genes involved in methylation reaction. This is a novel suggestion for the role of B12 in fetal growth, development, and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jillian Rae Hildreth, Masahito Oyamada, Jacquie Lindsay Bay
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a survey tool to measure DOHaD awareness.","authors":"Jillian Rae Hildreth, Masahito Oyamada, Jacquie Lindsay Bay","doi":"10.1017/S2040174425100354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174425100354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research into the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has established links between environmental exposures in early life and later-life health outcomes. Emerging interventions typically focus on improving maternal nutrition and neonatal healthcare practices yet often neglect to assess or enhance subject understanding of potential long-term impacts or to communicate the benefits of maximising parental health prior to conception. This study critically evaluates a survey tool developed to measure knowledge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and early-life contributors to lifelong health. The rationale behind the wording and format of the questions is examined alongside options for coding and statistical interpretation of the data. Considerations for implementation are discussed, illustrated by key findings arising from tracking of the tool's application in Aotearoa New Zealand over ten years. We demonstrate that the survey tool can be adapted for use in a variety of contexts, producing both quantitative and qualitative baseline data suitable for informing health promotion interventions and monitoring changes in population knowledge. This research also highlights a key difference between awareness of and understanding of scientific concepts and the importance of distinguishing between these when considering public engagement with science.</p>","PeriodicalId":49167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","volume":"17 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}