Journal of Foot and Ankle Research最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions and Experience of Patients Awaiting Orthopaedic Consultation for Hallux Valgus in Two Public Health Services in Australia.","authors":"Katja Veenendaal, Matthew Cotchett, Hylton B Menz","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hallux valgus (HV) is a common, progressive foot deformity associated with pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Patients are frequently referred for orthopaedic consultation contributing to prolonged waitlists. This study explored patient experiences, perceptions, and expectations of HV management while awaiting orthopaedic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convergent mixed-methods design was used involving patients on orthopaedic waitlists at Canberra Health Services and Northern Health, Australia. Participants completed a survey assessing demographics, HV severity, health-related quality of life, and psychological health, alongside semi-structured interviews exploring lived experiences. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative data underwent applied thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three participants completed the survey and eight participated in interviews. HV was associated with moderate pain, mobility limitations, and reduced health-related quality of life. Most participants reported long symptom duration and worsening while waiting for specialist review. Qualitative findings revealed presence of chronic pain, footwear restriction, activity avoidance, and psychosocial burden. Participants described limited assessment and education in primary care, poor communication regarding waitlists, and uncertainty about management pathways. Although many believed surgery was necessary, fewer expected to proceed. Most expressed a preference for earlier assessment, education, and conservative management, and were receptive to podiatry-led care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with HV experience substantial unmet needs while awaiting orthopaedic consultation. Integrating podiatry-led models may improve access to timely, patient-centred care and reduce health system burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Rationale for Procedural Steps When Performing Non-Incisional Nail Surgery: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anna Horn, Caroline Robinson, Luke Donnan","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-incisional nail surgery is a common surgical procedure performed by clinicians, however, there is considerable variation relating to decision-making for procedure choice, surgical technique, and clinical rationale to inform practice. The aim of this scoping review is to map the extent and type of evidence relevant to surgical approach, decision-making, and clinical rationale informing non-incisional nail surgery in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The inclusion criteria were full text papers, available in English that discussed non-incisional nail surgery with or without matrixectomy and included procedural steps and evidence of a clinical rationale to inform practice. A systematic search was conducted of the following databases: Medline, Web of Science, Emcare, CINAHL, ProQuest (Health and Medical), ProQuest (Nursing and Allied Health) and Health Collection. The reference lists of review articles were screened for additional studies. Relevant data were extracted, charted, and grouped into categories. Compiled data were then transferred into summary tables as frequencies and percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 articles were included in this review. The articles were published between 1965 - 2025. The procedural steps and clinical rationale were grouped into themes, highlighting a considerable variation in practice relating to tourniquet use, matrixectomy method, concentration of caustic agent, application time and irrigation practices following cauterisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review has identified inconsistency in the documented practice of non-incisional nail surgery based on published literature spanning a period of 37 years. Specifically, this surgical intervention appears to be informed by historical practice and there is little evidence of a common approach. The authors propose that clinical practice guidelines are needed to provide an evidence-based approach to decision-making in non-incisional nail surgery. The development of clinical guidelines including a structured decision-making framework, would support consistency in practice and facilitate evidence-based decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discomfort Avoidance and Desire for Normality Are Decision-Making Drivers of Footwear Choice in Underserved Communities at Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer.","authors":"Krithika Anil, Neeraj Sharma, Sonal Patel, Jess Bailey, Catherine Smith, Sally Abey, Kayce Allcock, Richard Collings, Joanne Paton","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU) is a serious complication that can lead to lower limb amputation or death. Custom-made footwear is a key preventative strategy, yet adherence to use is often low. The factors influencing decision-making for footwear use remain unclear, particularly among underserved groups such as people from low socioeconomic and South Asian backgrounds. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying footwear choice and adherence in people with diabetes from low socioeconomic and South Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a qualitative approach conducted in two parts. Part 1 explored footwear-related experiences using one-to-one interviews informed by the COM-B model (which states that there are 3 components to Behaviour: Capability, Opportunity, Motivation). Findings from Part 1 informed Part 2, a 'think aloud' qualitative study examining reasoning strategies behind footwear choices. Participants were adults living with diabetes at moderate to high risk of foot ulceration, with or without prior foot ulcers or experience of therapeutic footwear. Those with active foot ulceration were excluded. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven UK-based participants completed Part 1 (7 male, 4 female; median age 64; South Asian = 7; low socioeconomic status = 6). Seventeen themes were identified and categorised within the COM-B framework to inform Part 2. Fourteen participants completed Part 2 (10 male, 5 female; median age 67; South Asian = 5; low socioeconomic status = 8). Two key reasoning mechanisms emerged: (1) Discomfort Avoidance Prioritised Over Clinical Advice, reflecting a tendency to prioritise comfort over medical recommendations, and (2) Desire for Normality, describing a preference for familiar or 'normal' footwear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Footwear decision-making among people living with diabetes seems to be informed by reasoning based on discomfort avoidance and normalcy. These findings highlight the need for a person-centred approach to footwear advice that may bridge the gap between footwear adherence and patients' reasoning mechanisms. These mechanisms must be confirmed in a replication study or in an appropriately large quantitative study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13357689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankle Kinematics and Neuromuscular Activity During the Stair-to-Ground Transition in Individuals With Acute Ankle Sprain: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Haowen Sun, Qing Chen, Yanhua Xie, Zhenzhong Wang","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence regarding the biomechanics of stair-to-ground transitions after acute ankle sprain (AAS) remains limited. This study examined ankle kinematics, center-of-mass (COM) displacement, muscle activation, and intermuscular coherence during this transition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty individuals with AAS and 30 healthy controls completed the task while motion-capture, force-plate, and surface electromyography data were collected. Ankle kinematics were derived from motion capture, and COM displacement was obtained using a participant-scaled OpenSim model. Trial-level outcomes were averaged within each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At initial contact, the AAS group showed an ankle position that was 1.622° more plantarflexed and 2.661° more internally rotated than that of the control group. Transverse-plane COM displacement was 0.004 m lower in the AAS group (p = 0.011), whereas ankle range of motion did not differ between groups. Mean biceps femoris activation was lower, whereas mean medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior activation and peak tibialis anterior and soleus activation were higher in the AAS group (p < 0.05). In the AAS group, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and network density were higher in the 0-25 Hz band than in the 25-50 Hz band (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AAS was associated with altered ankle posture at initial contact, a smaller transverse-plane COM displacement amplitude, and differences in selected muscle-activation outcomes during the stair-to-ground transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot Muscle Size and Balance in Stroke: Evidence of Structural-Functional Dissociation.","authors":"Xiaoya Zhang, Yaobin Wu, Guirong Liu","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated foot muscle and plantar fascia size measurements and their relationship with static balance dysfunction in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 90 stroke patients (3-12 months post-stroke) and 95 healthy controls. Ultrasound imaging quantified thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) of intrinsic foot muscles (e.g., flexor hallucis brevis), extrinsic foot muscles (e.g., tibialis anterior, peroneus longus), and plantar fascia segments. Force platform measured center-of-pressure (CoP) parameters during 30-s static standing under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stroke patients exhibited significantly reduced peroneus longus (d = 1.14, p < 0.001) and tibialis anterior (d = 0.70, p < 0.001) muscle sizes, reduced flexor hallucis brevis muscle thickness (d = 0.76, p < 0.001), and increased plantar fascia thickness in middle and posterior segments (d = 0.74, p < 0.001; d = 0.71, p < 0.001). In healthy controls, foot muscle parameters strongly correlated with balance metrics, with flexor hallucis brevis thickness showing significant correlation with mediolateral displacement under eyes-closed conditions (r = -0.52, p < 0.001). However, no significant correlations between structural parameters and balance metrics were observed in stroke patients after false discovery rate correction, indicating structural-functional dissociation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although stroke patients exhibited mixed size changes in foot-ankle structures, the dissociation between structural changes and balance function suggests that dysfunction is primarily attributable to central nervous system damage rather than to peripheral structural alterations. This implies that rehabilitation should focus on neuromuscular control training rather than on isolated muscle strengthening.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroid Injection Practices of Australian Podiatrists for Common Foot and Ankle Conditions.","authors":"Christopher B Couesnon, Matthew Cotchett, Naomi Blood, Glen A Whittaker","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70214","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Corticosteroid injections are commonly used to manage foot and ankle conditions; however, there is limited evidence guiding corticosteroid selection, dosing, imaging guidance and injection techniques. This study aimed to describe current corticosteroid injection practices among Australian podiatrists and podiatric surgeons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey was distributed via REDCap to Australian podiatrists and podiatric surgeons endorsed to prescribe scheduled medicines. The questions were developed using an iterative process and focused on demographic and professional characteristics, administrative factors and injection practices for plantar fascia, intermetatarsal and intra-articular injections. The survey was conducted between January 2025 and April 2026 and reported according to the Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise injection practices for plantar fascia, intermetatarsal and intra-articular injections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five people participated in the study, and 33 completed the survey in full. Participants had a mean of 17.1 years in practice and 9.6 years administering corticosteroid injections. Most participants were endorsed podiatrists (64%), with the remainder being podiatric surgeons (33%). Participants reported administering a mean maximum of three corticosteroid injections per patient annually and recommending a mean interval of 3 months between injections. Betamethasone 5.7 mg/mL was the most common corticosteroid across all injection sites and was frequently combined with ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Ultrasound guidance was used by 50% of participants for plantar fascia injections, 39% for intermetatarsal injections and 46% for intra-articular injections. Symptom relief was perceived to last between 3 and 6 months, whereas adverse effects were recalled to be infrequent and most commonly included steroid flare and post-injection pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Australian podiatrists and podiatric surgeons reported consistency in some corticosteroid injection practices and variability in others. These findings provide an initial descriptive benchmark of corticosteroid injection practice in Australian podiatry and may inform future clinical guidelines and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthotics for First Metatarsophalangeal Osteoarthritis: Are we Asking the Wrong Question?","authors":"Thomas W Wainwright","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthotic interventions are commonly used in the management of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis, yet recent systematic review evidence suggests that their average treatment effects are small and unlikely to represent clinically meaningful benefit for the average patient. This has led to a growing perception that orthotics may have limited clinical value. However, such conclusions risk oversimplifying the evidence by conflating a lack of average treatment effect with a lack of utility for individual patients. This commentary explores this tension through critical appraisal of the current evidence base and consideration of treatment effect heterogeneity. It argues that responder heterogeneity, combined with the biomechanical specificity of first MTP osteoarthritis, may explain why orthotics provide substantial benefit for some patients despite weak average effects in trials. The discussion further highlights a mismatch between current osteoarthritis guidelines, which emphasise exercise as a core treatment, and the limited capacity for exercise to meaningfully influence joint loading in distal joints such as the first MTP. Drawing on evidence from hip osteoarthritis, including the CLEAT trial, the commentary contrasts capacity-based and load-modifying interventions and proposes a shift towards more mechanistically informed and individualised treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"e70196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13429880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Radiographic Morphology of Hallux Valgus in Adolescent Athletes.","authors":"Yasunari Ikuta, Tomoyuki Nakasa, Minoru Toriyama, Hajime Ito, Ryuya Yamakawa, Mitsuhiro Ochi, Yukio Mikami, Nobuo Adachi","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hallux valgus (HV) can shift plantar loading, impair hallux function, and affect athletic performance in adolescent athletes. Although previous studies have focused mainly on dance-related sports, limited data exist regarding the prevalence and radiographic morphology of HV across broader athletic populations. In particular, the role of hallux interphalangeal alignment and proximal phalanx morphology in deformity severity remains unclear. We aimed to determine HV prevalence among adolescent athletes across various sports and to identify radiographic morphological factors associated with deformity severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 280 adolescent athletes (188 males and 92 females; mean age, 13.7 ± 1.6 years) across 18 sports. Weight-bearing foot radiographs were obtained. Radiographic parameters included the HV angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), hallux interphalangeal angle (HIA), proximal-distal phalanx articular angle (PDPAA), Meary angle, calcaneal pitch angle, and medial cuneiform-fifth metatarsal height. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed separately for dominant and nondominant feet to identify factors associated with combined deformity severity (sum of HVA and HIA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HV was identified in 42.9% of athletes when defined as HVA ≥ 15° in either foot and was more prevalent in female than male athletes (59.8% vs. 34.6%, p < 0.001). In contrast, 93.6% of athletes had an HIA ≥ 10° in either foot, based on the conventional adult-derived threshold, with no significant sex difference. In this multi-sport adolescent athlete population, distal first metatarsal morphology (DMAA) and proximal phalanx articular morphology (PDPAA) showed the strongest independent associations with combined deformity severity. IMA and female sex were also significant factors, whereas sagittal plane alignment, body mass index, and ankle activity score were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multi-sport study extends previous findings on adolescent hallux deformity by demonstrating that deformity severity is associated not only with metatarsal structural factors but also with proximal phalanx articular morphology. These findings support a broader radiographic characterization of adolescent HV, although their clinical significance requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 2","pages":"e70177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13272110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring In-Shoe Plantar Strain Outcomes in the Presence of Callus: A Preliminary Study Using the STAMPS3D Measurement System.","authors":"Francesca Sairally, David A Russell, Heidi J Siddle, Daniele Trinca, Claire Brockett, Peter R Culmer","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) are growing in prevalence, driven by the global rise in diabetes. Plantar callus has been identified as a risk factor for DFU formation, with its presence considered highly predictive for ulceration. Preventative strategies, such as debridement and offloading aim to reduce the thickness of localised hard skin formed through repetitive high pressure and shear stress. Although several studies have looked at the quantitative effects of callus and its removal in the neuropathic foot, assessments have relied solely on pressure measurements, neglecting the contribution of shear stress. A lack of in-shoe measurement devices capable of measuring shear, either independently or alongside pressure, limits our understanding of how the foot behaves in the presence of callus or responds as a result of debridement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This proof-of-concept study investigates the use of the STAMPS3D system to capture cumulative 3D plantar strain data across the foot in the presence of simulated callus in healthy participants. By introducing multi-layer silicone inserts that replicate key mechanical features of callus at the 1^st metatarsal head and heel regions, this study explores plantar strain responses in healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The simulated callus produced subtle redistribution of strain across the foot with distinct local changes at the callus sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings may inform future approaches to objective callus assessment, guide debridement practices and contribute to DFU prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 2","pages":"e70169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Foot-Related Hospitalisations in Adults With and Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sucharitha R Weerasuriya, Chanika Alahakoon, Nimantha Karunathilaka, Yuqi Zhang, Susanna M Cramb, Peter A Lazzarini","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot-related conditions are a leading cause of all hospitalisations and amputations worldwide. Half of these foot-related hospitalisations are in people without diabetes. Yet, few studies seem to have explored risk factors for foot-related hospitalisations in populations with or without diabetes. This study aimed to systematically review studies investigating risk factors for hospitalisations caused by any foot-related conditions amongst any general community-dwelling adult populations (with or without diabetes).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies related to risk factors, foot-related conditions and hospitalisations published since 1st January 2000. Search results were screened for eligibility by two independent authors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool, and data were extracted using a customised data extraction tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies from 7824 screened studies were included. Twelve studies investigated diabetes populations and two general (with and without diabetes) populations. All 14 studies investigated only for foot disease-related hospitalisation outcomes. Seven studies were rated as low risk of bias. Twenty-two independent risk factors were reported, including eight reported both in multiple studies and low risk of bias studies. Those eight risk factors were being male, having diabetes, increased HbA1c, insulin management, chronic kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease and no footcare within 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review suggests that the common risk factors for foot disease-related hospitalisations are being male, having diabetes, chronic kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease and lack of footcare, particularly in diabetes populations. There were no studies investigating hospitalisations for other foot-related conditions and few in nondiabetes populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 2","pages":"e70164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148206752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}