Cristiana Vieira, J. Muchagata, Rita Gaspar, Helena Gonçalves, Simão Mateus, Maria João Fonseca
{"title":"Biological models and replicas in Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Portugal","authors":"Cristiana Vieira, J. Muchagata, Rita Gaspar, Helena Gonçalves, Simão Mateus, Maria João Fonseca","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0790","url":null,"abstract":"Biological models and replicas were in their heyday in the nineteenth century when they were common in primary, elementary, secondary and higher education institutions, as they were frequently used to illustrate anatomical structures mentioned in textbooks and scientific papers. Biological models and replicas are part of the heritage of the Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (Natural History and Science Museum, University of Oporto) offering insights into the world of these unique collections. We performed a study on the use of these industrial-made models and replicas of the internal or/and external anatomy of animals and plants that accompanied many of the practical demonstrations in comparative biology and anatomy classes at the Academia Politécnica do Porto and, later on, at the Universidade do Porto, its successor. Artisanal models and replicas were also used in biology and anthropology classes. This research on these special items helps promote their value and contributes to the dissemination of information and may be relevant to other institutions owning identical models.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46882384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Casey Albert Wood and The fundus oculi of birds (1917)","authors":"R. Montgomerie","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0796","url":null,"abstract":"Casey Albert Wood’s The fundus oculi of birds, published in 1917, was the culmination of his decade-long study of the eyes of about a hundred bird species across the avian phylogeny. Wood was a professional ophthalmologist who, during his spare time, was drawn to the study of birds’ eyes because of their exceptional visual acuity. His stated goal was to inform taxonomy but that turned out to be pointless. With the assistance of an artist, Arthur William Head, Wood described and illustrated in colour the retina in these birds, with particular attention to the number, size, structure, and position of the pecten. Since the function and evolution of the avian pecten is still poorly known, Wood’s book continues to provide a useful point of departure for the study of birds’ eyes.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41392552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Edward Emrys Watkin (1900–1978): marine zoologist and educator","authors":"P. Moore","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0797","url":null,"abstract":"The Welsh marine zoologist, Edward Emrys Watkin (1900–1978), studied the population dynamics of Cardigan Bay herring stocks in the 1920s and subsequently worked on amphipod crustaceans in the Clyde Sea Area in Scotland. His published works span a transitional period in the history of biology, when natural history was being formalized into ecology. A graduate, and a staff member, of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, for 45 years he inspired students with his teaching. His experiences as a teacher and examiner were called upon when, in 1965 and 1971, he edited and co-wrote Biology (with Herbert Tisdale Conway and John Brinley Jones), a textbook on biology for pupils seeking the General Certificate of Education (GCE) O-level qualification. However, the impact of Watkins’s book was lessened because of competition from Donald Gordon Mackean’s Introduction to biology published first in 1962.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A history of the discovery and study of Plecoptera (stoneflies) in Britain and Ireland (1769–1970s)","authors":"Hugh B. Feeley, C. Macadam","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0798","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the history of the discovery and study of Plecoptera (stoneflies) in Britain and Ireland from 1769 to the 1970s. Britain (35 species) and Ireland (19 species) have a depauperate representation of this insect group compared to continental Europe but they form an important component of freshwater ecosystems on both islands. Species discovery began in the eighteenth century and led to extensive specimen collecting in the 1800s and early 1900s. This was followed by a period of classification and consolidation of species, genera and families through the mid-twentieth century which eventually led to more detailed studies of stonefly ecology in the mid- to late 1900s. The entomologists involved are detailed along with how their works and interests played a significant role in shaping knowledge about British and Irish stoneflies. This essay also touches on many other prominent entomologists and their collections, studies and publications that have helped progress understanding of this insect order over the past two centuries.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44978154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sir John Hill (1714–1775): where was he buried?","authors":"E. Nelson, Theodore W. Pietsch","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912): his development as an ornithologist until his departure from Etawah district, India, in 1867","authors":"R. Prŷs-Jones","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0799","url":null,"abstract":"The ornithological studies of Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), and the enormous bird collection he amassed, have been of exceptional importance to the development of knowledge of the south Asian avifauna. However, the paucity of his surviving personal correspondence and private papers has made it difficult to trace the development of his own ornithological interest. Nine field diaries of Hume’s are held by the Natural History Museum, London. This paper draws on the first three of these, each covering periods of from one to a few months between late 1859 and late 1866, in combination with information from Hume’s bird collection, also now largely held by the Natural History Museum. Together they shed light on the evolution of his ornithological knowledge and interest during his career in India up to the time of his departure from Etawah district, North-Western Provinces, where he had been Officiating Magistrate and Collector for eleven years from early 1856 to early 1867.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BAUER, Aaron M. and LAVILLA, Esteban O. J. G. Schneider’s Historiae amphibiorum: herpetology at the dawn of the nineteenth century","authors":"R. Downie","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48298556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gazelles (Gazella spp.) depicted in frescoes and sculpture from Herculaneum and Pompeii","authors":"M. Masseti","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0789","url":null,"abstract":"Paintings and sculptures depicting gazelles ( Gazella spp.) are frequent in Ancient Roman art. Images of gazelles have been discovered during the archaeological explorations of Herculaneum and Pompeii, devastated by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad 79. Two bronze statues of ungulates from the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum, now on display at the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (National Archaeological Museum of Naples), have not been correctly identified, consequently causing erroneous speculation about their cultural significance. The aim of this paper is to suggest which gazelle species inspired these artefacts, and to also discuss the wider context of the artistic representations of gazelles from Herculaneum and Pompeii and their surroundings.","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46805804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliographical notes on The natural history of Tutbury (1863)","authors":"R. Williams","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"John James Audubon (1785–1851) carte de visite (c.1860)","authors":"P. Logan","doi":"10.3366/anh.2022.0802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49106,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Natural History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44560035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}