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The Poison Trials: Wonder Drugs, Experiment, and the Battle for Authority in Renaissance Science, written by Alisha Rankin 《毒药审判：神奇药物、实验和文艺复兴科学中的权威之战》，Alisha Rankin著
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340034
Sabrina Minuzzi
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引用次数: 0
The Sciant artifices in the Work of Albert the Great: Towards Two Kinds of Transmutation? 阿尔伯特大帝作品中的科学技巧：走向两种突变？
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340037
Athanasios Rinotas
{"title":"The Sciant artifices in the Work of Albert the Great: Towards Two Kinds of Transmutation?","authors":"Athanasios Rinotas","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340037","url":null,"abstract":"A few decades ago, William Newman drew attention to the significance of the medieval alchemical debate over the possibility of transmuting metals, which was closely connected to the Avicennan phrase known as Sciant artifices. Newman pointed to Albert the Great (ca. 1200–1280) as one of the participants in this debate. While Newman has covered Albert’s engagement with this Avicennan dictum only partially, this paper aims to enrich our knowledge of this episode by examining a range of further sources concerning Albert’s approach to the Sciant artifices dictum, and thereby to provide a better insight into the role it played in the work of the Dominican master.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physico-theology: Religion and Science in Europe, 1650–1750, written by Ann Blair and Kaspar von Greyerz 《生理神学：欧洲的宗教与科学》，1650–1750，Ann Blair和Kaspar von Greyerz著
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340036
Tricia M. Ross
{"title":"Physico-theology: Religion and Science in Europe, 1650–1750, written by Ann Blair and Kaspar von Greyerz","authors":"Tricia M. Ross","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Wine a Day …: Medical Experts and Expertise in Plutarch’s Table Talk 一天一杯酒:普鲁塔克餐桌谈话中的医学专家和专业知识
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340032
M. Meeusen
{"title":"A Wine a Day …: Medical Experts and Expertise in Plutarch’s Table Talk","authors":"M. Meeusen","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution examines the important role that medical experts and expertise played at convivial networking events in the High Roman Empire, as imagined by a non-specialist in the field, viz. the famous Platonist intellectual Plutarch of Chaeronea (ca. 45–120 CE). An analysis of a number of medical problems discussed in his Table Talk will yield fresh insights into the social and intellectual role which doctors, as members of the educated elite, were expected to play in convivial community contexts and also how popular or common had become certain theories, concepts and beliefs relating to health and healing in the High Imperial era. At the same time, it will give a clearer idea of what was the place of medical experts and expertise in Plutarch’s intellectual programme, and how this interest ties in with his (natural) philosophical endeavours more generally.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47313930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Franciscans in England: Sickness, Healing and Salvation 英国早期方济各会：疾病、治愈与救赎
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340029
P. Jones
{"title":"Early Franciscans in England: Sickness, Healing and Salvation","authors":"P. Jones","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000From their first arrival in England in 1224, the Franciscans were concerned with the treatment of ill-health for both practical and spiritual reasons. Many brothers fell sick, and their illnesses required both interpretation and treatment. Some friars practised healing on their brethren and on lay patients. This article will focus on the question of the relationship between the religious vocation of the friars and the exigencies of sickness. Little evidence survives in England in the form of administrative records. But two early Franciscan writings (Tractatus de adventu fratrum minorum in Angliam, and the letters of Adam Marsh OFM, d. 1259) throw significant light on attitudes to illness and practical responses.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49121229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanica Medicina Sacra: Biblical Vegetarianism in Philippe Hecquet’s Theological Medicine 神圣的机械医学:菲利普·赫克特的神学医学中的圣经素食主义
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340027
J. Reed
{"title":"Mechanica Medicina Sacra: Biblical Vegetarianism in Philippe Hecquet’s Theological Medicine","authors":"J. Reed","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the early eighteenth century, the French Jansenist physician Philippe Hecquet began publishing prolifically on the benefits of what he called “meatless medicine,” calling for a “Catholic cook” to guide France’s physical, moral, and spiritual health. This paper analyzes Hecquet’s defense of vegetarianism as an early modern example of a distinct kind of Biblical medicine – what Hecquet termed “theological medicine” – in the context of his understanding of bodily mechanism, natural history, and Biblical literalism, in his Traité des dispenses du carême (1709) and La medecine théologique, ou la medecine créée (1733). I argue that vegetarianism was the first principle of Hecquet’s Biblical medicine, which he considered both a natural and revealed truth to be grasped and applied by the pious physician.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prayer and Physic in Seventeenth-Century England 17世纪英国的祈祷与生理学
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340030
L. Kassell, R. Ralley
{"title":"Prayer and Physic in Seventeenth-Century England","authors":"L. Kassell, R. Ralley","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Historians have often represented prayer as an instrumental response to illness. We argue instead that prayer, together with physic, was part of larger regimes to preserve health and prevent disease. We focus on early modern England, through the philosophical writings of the physician, Robert Fludd, and the medical records of the clergyman, Richard Napier. Fludd depicted health as a fortress and illness as an invasion by demons; the physician counsels the patient in maintaining and restoring moral and bodily order. Napier documented actual uses of prayer. As in Fludd’s trope, through prayer, Napier and his patients enacted their aspiration for health and their commitment to a Christian order in which medicine only worked if God so willed it. Prayer, like physic, was a key part of a regime that the wise practitioner aimed to provide for his patients, and that they expected to receive from him.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46379668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Angelical Conjunctions”: An Introduction “天使连词”:导论
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340024
Aslıhan Gürbüzel, F. Wallis
{"title":"“Angelical Conjunctions”: An Introduction","authors":"Aslıhan Gürbüzel, F. Wallis","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43021034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inquisitor as Physician: Friars, Inquisitors, Women, and Medical Knowledge in Early Colonial New Spain (1530–1650) 作为医生的审判官:新西班牙早期殖民时期的修士、审判官、妇女和医学知识(1530-1650)
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340026
Jacqueline Holler
{"title":"Inquisitor as Physician: Friars, Inquisitors, Women, and Medical Knowledge in Early Colonial New Spain (1530–1650)","authors":"Jacqueline Holler","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000New Spain was the site not only of one of the largest-scale missionary enterprises in Christian history, but also of a prolonged encounter among diverse medical traditions of Mesoamerican, African, and European origin in which male missionaries were central. Given the paucity of licensed physicians in the colony, religious involvement in medical practice remained significant throughout the colonial period. This paper considers the confluence of religion and medicine in the encounters that friars and inquisitors had with women, arguing that in these encounters, missionaries and inquisitors participated in the translation, circulation, and creation of medical knowledge and positioned themselves as both theological and medical authorities, as proponents and translators of Galenic medical theory, and as “confessor-physicians” rather than “confessor-judges.” Women thus played a crucial interlocutory role in the articulation of a colonial religio-medical regime whose primary framers were not physicians, but clergymen.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48959931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Faith in Drugs: The Material and Immaterial Effects of Medication in the Early Modern French Catholic World 对毒品的信仰：近代早期法国天主教世界药物的物质和非物质影响
IF 0.3 2区 哲学
Early Science and Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/15733823-12340025
Justin Rivest
{"title":"Faith in Drugs: The Material and Immaterial Effects of Medication in the Early Modern French Catholic World","authors":"Justin Rivest","doi":"10.1163/15733823-12340025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-12340025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article explores a set of medications, called les remèdes des pauvres, that were distributed from the late seventeenth century onward to the sick poor of rural France and to French missions abroad. Although it was eventually absorbed into the French state as a form of royally sponsored poor relief, this drug distribution network began in 1670 as a distinctly ecclesiastical endeavour, aimed at allowing parish priests, missionaries, and charitable laywomen to imitate the healing ministry of Christ and his apostles. While critics saw them as peddling a dangerous chemical drug in poor villages, their promoters argued that the active charity involved in distributing the remedies, and even the faith placed in their effectiveness by the sick, played an important role in effecting their cures. As such they offer a useful perspective on the shifting boundaries between medical charity and medical commerce, as well as between natural and supernatural healing.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43121303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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