Evodevo最新文献

{"title":"The free-living flatworm <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>.","authors":"Jakub Wudarski,&nbsp;Bernhard Egger,&nbsp;Steven A Ramm,&nbsp;Lukas Schärer,&nbsp;Peter Ladurner,&nbsp;Kira S Zadesenets,&nbsp;Nikolay B Rubtsov,&nbsp;Stijn Mouton,&nbsp;Eugene Berezikov","doi":"10.1186/s13227-020-00150-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-020-00150-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Macrostomum lignano</i> is a free-living flatworm that is emerging as an attractive experimental animal for research on a broad range of biological questions. One feature setting it apart from other flatworms is the successful establishment of transgenesis methods, facilitated by a steady supply of eggs in the form of single-cell zygotes that can be readily manipulated. This, in combination with the transparency of the animal and its small size, creates practical advantages for imaging and fluorescence-activated cell sorting in studies related to stem cell biology and regeneration. <i>M. lignano</i> can regenerate most of its body parts, including the germline, thanks to the neoblasts, which represent the flatworm stem cell system. Interestingly, neoblasts seem to have a high capacity of cellular maintenance, as <i>M. lignano</i> can survive up to 210 Gy of γ-irradiation, and partially offset the negative consequence of ageing. As a non-self-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodite that reproduces in a sexual manner, <i>M. lignano</i> is also used to study sexual selection and other evolutionary aspects of sexual reproduction. Work over the past several years has led to the development of molecular resources and tools, including high-quality genome and transcriptome assemblies, transcriptional profiling of the germline and somatic neoblasts, gene knockdown, and in situ hybridization. The increasingly detailed characterization of this animal has also resulted in novel research questions, such as bio-adhesion based on its adhesion-release glands and genome evolution due to its recent whole-genome duplication.</p>","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-020-00150-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10076542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular patterning during the development of <i>Phoronopsis harmeri</i> reveals similarities to rhynchonelliform brachiopods.","authors":"Carmen Andrikou,&nbsp;Yale J Passamaneck,&nbsp;Chris J Lowe,&nbsp;Mark Q Martindale,&nbsp;Andreas Hejnol","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0146-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13227-019-0146-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phoronids, rhynchonelliform and linguliform brachiopods show striking similarities in their embryonic fate maps, in particular in their axis specification and regionalization. However, although brachiopod development has been studied in detail and demonstrated embryonic patterning as a causal factor of the gastrulation mode (protostomy vs deuterostomy), molecular descriptions are still missing in phoronids. To understand whether phoronids display underlying embryonic molecular mechanisms similar to those of brachiopods, here we report the expression patterns of anterior (<i>otx</i>, <i>gsc</i>, <i>six3/6</i>, <i>nk2.1</i>), posterior (<i>cdx, bra</i>) and endomesodermal (<i>foxA</i>, <i>gata4/5/6</i>, <i>twist</i>) markers during the development of the protostomic phoronid <i>Phoronopsis harmeri.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The transcription factors <i>foxA, gata4/5/6</i> and <i>cdx</i> show conserved expression in patterning the development and regionalization of the phoronid embryonic gut, with <i>foxA</i> expressed in the presumptive foregut, <i>gata4/5/6</i> demarcating the midgut and <i>cdx</i> confined to the hindgut. Furthermore, <i>six3/6,</i> usually a well-conserved anterior marker, shows a remarkably dynamic expression, demarcating not only the apical organ and the oral ectoderm, but also clusters of cells of the developing midgut and the anterior mesoderm, similar to what has been reported for brachiopods, bryozoans and some deuterostome Bilateria. Surprisingly, <i>brachyury</i>, a transcription factor often associated with gastrulation movements and mouth and hindgut development, seems not to be involved with these patterning events in phoronids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our description and comparison of gene expression patterns with other studied Bilateria reveals that the timing of axis determination and cell fate distribution of the phoronid shows highest similarity to that of rhynchonelliform brachiopods, which is likely related to their shared protostomic mode of development. Despite these similarities, the phoronid <i>Ph. harmeri</i> also shows particularities in its development, which hint to divergences in the arrangement of gene regulatory networks responsible for germ layer formation and axis specification.</p>","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0146-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37483388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the homology of the short human pisiform and its lost ossification center","authors":"Kelsey M. Kjosness, P. Reno","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0145-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0145-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0145-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putative stem cells in the hemolymph and in the intestinal submucosa of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata","authors":"Juan Jiménez-Merino, Isadora Santos de Abreu, L. Hiebert, S. Allodi, S. Tiozzo, C. M. de Barros, Federico D. Brown","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0144-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0144-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0144-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45486332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and evolution of resistance to environmental extremes in animals.","authors":"Thomas C Boothby","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0143-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0143-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When animals are exposed to an extreme environmental stress, one of three possible outcomes takes place: the animal dies, the animal avoids the environmental stress and survives, or the animal tolerates the environmental stress and survives. This review is concerned with the third possibility, and will look at mechanisms that rare animals use to survive extreme environmental stresses including freezing, desiccation, intense heat, irradiation, and low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia). In addition, an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in environmental stress tolerance allows us to speculate on how these tolerances arose. Uncovering the mechanisms of extreme environmental stress tolerance and how they evolve has broad implications for our understanding of the evolution of early life on this planet, colonization of new environments, and the search for novel forms of life both on Earth and elsewhere, as well as a number of agricultural and health-related applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0143-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37449653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FoxB, a new and highly conserved key factor in arthropod dorsal–ventral (DV) limb patterning","authors":"Miriam Heingård, Natascha Turetzek, Nikola-Michael Prpic, R. Janssen","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0141-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0141-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0141-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44893646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of nAChRs in Nematostella vectensis supports neuronal and non-neuronal roles in the cnidarian–bilaterian common ancestor","authors":"Dylan Z. Faltine-Gonzalez, Michael J. Layden","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0136-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0136-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0136-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnants of ancestral larval eyes in an eyeless mollusk? Molecular characterization of photoreceptors in the scaphopod Antalis entalis","authors":"T. Wollesen, C. McDougall, D. Arendt","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0140-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0140-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0140-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable levels of drift in tunicate cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory elements.","authors":"William Colgan,&nbsp;Alexis Leanza,&nbsp;Ariel Hwang,&nbsp;Melissa B DeBiasse,&nbsp;Isabel Llosa,&nbsp;Daniel Rodrigues,&nbsp;Hriju Adhikari,&nbsp;Guillermo Barreto Corona,&nbsp;Saskia Bock,&nbsp;Amanda Carillo-Perez,&nbsp;Meagan Currie,&nbsp;Simone Darkoa-Larbi,&nbsp;Daniel Dellal,&nbsp;Hanna Gutow,&nbsp;Pascha Hokama,&nbsp;Emily Kibby,&nbsp;Noah Linhart,&nbsp;Sophia Moody,&nbsp;Allison Naganuma,&nbsp;Diep Nguyen,&nbsp;Ryan Stanton,&nbsp;Sierra Stark,&nbsp;Cameron Tumey,&nbsp;Anthony Velleca,&nbsp;Joseph F Ryan,&nbsp;Brad Davidson","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0137-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0137-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mutations in gene regulatory networks often lead to genetic divergence without impacting gene expression or developmental patterning. The rules governing this process of developmental systems drift, including the variable impact of selective constraints on different nodes in a gene regulatory network, remain poorly delineated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here we examine developmental systems drift within the cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory networks of two tunicate species, <i>Corella inflata</i> and <i>Ciona robusta.</i> Cross-species analysis of regulatory elements suggests that <i>trans</i>-regulatory architecture is largely conserved between these highly divergent species. In contrast, <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements within this network exhibit distinct levels of conservation. In particular, while most of the regulatory elements we analyzed showed extensive rearrangements of functional binding sites, the enhancer for the cardiopharyngeal transcription factor <i>FoxF</i> is remarkably well-conserved. Even minor alterations in spacing between binding sites lead to loss of <i>FoxF</i> enhancer function, suggesting that bound <i>trans</i>-factors form position-dependent complexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal heterogeneous levels of divergence across cardiopharyngeal <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements. These distinct levels of divergence presumably reflect constraints that are not clearly associated with gene function or position within the regulatory network. Thus, levels of <i>cis</i>-regulatory divergence or drift appear to be governed by distinct structural constraints that will be difficult to predict based on network architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s13227-019-0137-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41217427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral sensory neurons govern development of the nervous system in bivalve larvae.","authors":"Olga V Yurchenko, Anna V Savelieva, Natalia K Kolotuchina, Elena E Voronezhskaya, Vyacheslav A Dyachuk","doi":"10.1186/s13227-019-0133-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13227-019-0133-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent findings regarding early lophotrochozoan development have altered the conventional model of neurogenesis and revealed that peripheral sensory elements play a key role in the initial organization of the larval nervous system. Here, we describe the main neurogenetic events in bivalve mollusks in comparison with other Lophotrochozoa, emphasizing a novel role for early neurons in establishing larval nervous systems and speculating about the morphogenetic function of the apical organ. We demonstrate that during bivalve development, peripheral sensory neurons utilizing various transmitters differentiate before the apical organ emerges. The first neurons and their neurites serve as a scaffold for the development of the nervous system. During veliger stage, cerebral, pleural, and visceral ganglia form along the lateral (visceral) nerve cords in anterior-to-posterior axis. The pedal ganglia and corresponding ventral (pedal) nerve cords develop much later, after larval settlement and metamorphosis. Pharmacological abolishment of the serotonin gradient within the larval body disrupts the navigation of \"pioneer\" axons resulting in malformation of the whole nervous system architecture. Comparative morphological data on neurogenetic events in bivalve mollusks shed new light on the origin of the nervous system, mechanisms of early axon navigation, and sequence of the tetraneurous nervous system formation. Furthermore, this information improves our understanding of the basic nervous system architecture in larval Bivalvia and Mollusca.</p>","PeriodicalId":49076,"journal":{"name":"Evodevo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6743156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41217426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}