Weather Climate and Society最新文献

{"title":"Hurricane Vulnerability and Constrained Choices among Mobile Home Park Residents in South Florida","authors":"Felicia Casanova, Shivangi Prasad, Daniela Bermudez Garolera, Cameron Riopelle, Justin Stoler","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0122.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0122.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000South Florida experiences some of the highest coastal hurricane vulnerability in the United States. Mobile home communities in south Florida are particularly vulnerable to hurricanes due to the weaker structural integrity of the home or land and a mix of structural and sociodemographic factors. A mixed-methods study was conducted to assess hurricane risk perceptions, experiences, and decision-making among permanent mobile home park (MHP) residents in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. Return-by-mail surveys were distributed in July 2016 after several years of nominal hurricane activity in south Florida (and before Hurricane Matthew’s formation in September 2016), and focus groups were conducted at MHPs in May 2018, eight months after Hurricane Irma’s September 2017 landfall. Quantitative analysis of 44 in-person and 57 return-by-mail survey responses revealed that respondents tended to be older, retired, or unemployed and had modest levels of education, with many expressing forms of social- and structural-level hurricane risk before Hurricane Matthew. Qualitative analysis of six focus group discussions conducted after Hurricane Irma revealed that the constraints and vulnerabilities experienced by residents coalesced into several primary themes related to preparation, evacuation, assistance, stress and anxiety, tree concerns, and recovery. Participants specifically highlighted their concerns about tree hazards, damages, and maintenance issues arising before, during, and after hurricanes in MHPs. These results build on the scholarship on hurricane risk by underscoring the structural and social vulnerability of residents living in MHPs that constrain building resilience, adaptive capacity, community restoration efforts, and advocating for policy changes.\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to understand local hurricane risk perceptions, experiences, and vulnerabilities among residents of mobile home parks after a decade-long hurricane drought in south Florida and also to understand the barriers residents faced after a major hurricane. A hurricane drought is critical to study because it can erode individual and community-level preparedness. Residents of mobile home parks may experience more flooding, higher winds, tornadoes, and other dangers during hurricanes. Residents also face county-, neighborhood-, and household-level structural vulnerabilities that restrict their options related to hurricane preparedness, safety during a storm, and resilience in its aftermath. Our study uses various forms of data collection to obtain insights from permanent residents of mobile home parks in south Florida. In addition, it discusses the social and economic disadvantages and opportunities that policy makers can address in climate change risk management.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Patterns of Routine Weather Information Usage and Their Demographic Determinants","authors":"Wesley Wehde, Matthew Nowlin","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0106.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0106.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Social science studies of weather and natural hazards have examined in depth the sources of information individuals use in response to a disaster. This research has primarily focused on information sources in isolation and as they relate to severe weather. Thus, less research has examined how individuals use information acquisition strategies during routine times. This paper addresses this limitation by examining patterns of routine weather information source usage. Using three unique survey datasets and Latent Class Analysis, we find that weather information source usage can be summarized by a limited number of coherent classes. Importantly, our results suggest weather information types, or classes, are generally consistent across datasets and samples. We also find demographic determinants, particularly age, help explain class membership; older respondents were more likely to belong to classes less reliant on technology-based information sources. Income and education also were related to more complex or comprehensive information use strategies. Results suggest the prevalent view of single-source information usage in previous research may not be adequate for understanding how individuals access information, in both routine and extreme contexts.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43161673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature and air pollution on emergency ambulance dispatches: a time series analysis in a medium-sized city in Germany","authors":"Philipp Schneider, A. Thieken, A. Walz","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0046.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0046.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Management of adverse health related effects from heat waves requires comprehensive and accessible sources of information. This paper examines the effects of temperature and air pollution on human health and identifies areas with increased occurrence of emergency ambulance dispatches in the city of Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany and discusses the applicability for health care interventions and urban planning. An over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model was used to examine and predict the association and potential lag of exposure between temperature, air pollution and three types of emergency ambulance dispatches during the study period from 2011-2019. A linear model was used to estimate heat-wave effects. A line density function was used to identify areas with increased occurrence of dispatches. Significant effects of temperature were detected for non-traumatic and cardiovascular diseases after exceeding a threshold temperature. The exposure-response relationships showed an increased relative risk up to two days after exposure for non-traumatic and cardiovascular diseases. Results indicate a significant association between presence of heat waves and cardiovascular diseases with up to 17% (CI 95%: 5.9% -30.0%) increased relative risk on a heat wave day compared to a non-heat wave day. Dispatches for cardiovascular diseases occur more often in areas with a high population and building density, especially in summer. The analyses identified hotspots of heat-related dispatches in areas with increased population and building density and provides baseline information for interventions in future urban planning and public health care management based on data commonly available even in small cities.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48587174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the 2019 Midwest Flood: A Hydrologic and Socio-Economic Perspective","authors":"Lily Kraft, G. Villarini, Jeffrey Czajkowski","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0065.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0065.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000During the spring of 2019, severe flooding across the U.S. Midwest caused widespread damage to communities in the Missouri and Mississippi River Basins. While it is known that flood magnitude and economic damages are often related, little work exists to examine these factors simultaneously. In this study, we analyze both the hydrologic and socio-economic characteristics of the 2019 Midwest flood to gain a comprehensive understanding of impacts to individuals, households, and communities. We examine flood magnitude, duration, and probability of occurrence in tandem with claim and grant applications from federal disaster recovery programs, such as the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Individual and Households Program (IHP). Overall, we find that many areas, particularly in Nebraska and Iowa, experienced moderate or major flooding due to historic discharge magnitudes. In these states, NFIP claims totaled over $31 million and IHP applications exceeded $42 million in reported damages. In most cases, counties which reported a high density of insurance claims or grant applications overlapped with regions with significant flooding. We also identify the economic advantages to NFIP policyholders for flood recovery in terms of aid eligibility and financial aid amounts.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The context of the 2018-2020 ‘protracted’ El Niño episode: Australian drought, terrestrial, marine, and ecophysiological impacts.","authors":"R. Allan, R. Stone, J. Gergis, Zak Baillie, H. Heidemann, N. Caputi, R. D’Arrigo, Christa Pudmenzky","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0096.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0096.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A ‘protracted’ El Niño episode occurred from March-April 2018 until April-May 2020. It was manifest by the interlinked Indo-Pacific influences of two components of El Niño phases. Positive Indian Ocean Dipoles (IODs) in 2018 and 2019, suppressed the formation of northwest cloud bands and southern Australia rainfall, and a persistent teleconnection, with enhanced convection generated by positive Niño 4 region sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and strong subsidence over eastern Australia, exacerbated this Australian drought. As with ‘classical’ El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which usually last 12-18 months, ‘protracted’ ENSO episodes, which last for more than 2 years, show a similar pattern of impacts on society and the environment across the Indo-Pacific domain, and often extend globally. The second half of this study puts the impact of the 2018-2020 ‘protracted’ El Niño episode on both the Australian terrestrial agricultural and marine ecophysiological environments in a broader context. These impacts are often not only modulated by the direct effects of ENSO events and episodes, but by interrelated local to region ocean-atmosphere interactions and synoptic weather patterns. Even though the indices of ‘protracted’ ENSO episodes are often weaker in magnitude than those of major ‘classical’ ENSO events, it is the longer duration of the former which poses its own set of problems. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate the potential to forecast ‘protracted’ ENSO episodes, particularly when the mid-2020 to current 2022 period has been experiencing a major ‘protracted’ La Niña episode with near-global impacts.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44780841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging U.S. Climate Assessment Research Gaps to Inform Science Innovation","authors":"S. Basile, A. Bieniek-Tobasco, B. Akamine, A. Lustig, C. W. Avery","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0041.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0041.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Over three decades, the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) has developed an assessment process to integrate, evaluate, and interpret scientific findings on climate change and discuss uncertainties. In six USGCRP assessments, authors have identified research gaps, or topics that assessment authors indicated required more information or study. Examining research gaps on a continual and systematic basis can aid decisions about research projects, programmatic priorities, and strategic scientific visions. The methodology presented here addresses two aims: (1) identify and categorize research gaps within a searchable database, and (2) demonstrate use of the database to inform future science planning and assessment. Results include the top 10 database themes, 18 recurring topics across assessments, and a search example for vulnerability gaps. The benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed along with recommendations to improve future U.S. climate assessment products.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Societal attention to heat waves can indicate public health impacts","authors":"Ekaterina Bogdanovich, L. Guenther, M. Reichstein, D. Frank, Georg Ruhrmann, A. Brenning, J. Denissen, R. Orth","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0147.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0147.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Both the frequency and intensity of hot temperature extremes are expected to increase in the coming decades, challenging various socio-economic sectors including public health. Thereby, societal attention data available in real time, such as Google search attention, could help monitor heat wave impacts in domains with lagged data availability. Here, we jointly analyze societal attention and health impacts of heat waves in Germany at weekly time scales. We find that Google search attention responds similar to hot temperatures as indicators of public health impacts; represented by excess mortality and hospitalizations. This emerges from piecewise linear relationships of Google search attention and health impacts to temperature. We can then determine temperature thresholds above which both attention and public health are affected by heat. More generally, given the clear and similar response of societal indicators to heat, we conclude that heat waves can and should be defined from a joint societal and meteorological perspective, whereby temperatures are compared with thresholds established using societal data. A better joint understanding of societal attention and health impacts offers the potential to better manage future heat waves.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor sport in extreme heat: Capturing the personal experiences of elite athletes","authors":"Kate Sambrook, S. Russell, Yasmina Okan, E. Konstantinidis","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0107.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0107.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Heat stress from the environment can be detrimental to athlete health and performance. No research, however, has explored how elite athletes conceptualise and experience heatwaves and climate change. Utilising a qualitative approach, this study examined elite athletes’ perceptions, experiences and responses to extreme heat in relation to climate change and explored the use of their platforms for climate activism.\u0000Fourteen elite athletes from United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America, Sweden and Canada, who represented ten different sports including race walking, netball and cricket were recruited using snowball sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews.\u0000Thematic analysis revealed four broad themes. The first theme reflected uncertainty surrounding the causes of heatwaves and the impact of heat on athlete health and performance. The second theme reflected care and concern for sport and society, including concern for the well-being of athletes and spectators, the impact of heat on facilities and participation at grass-roots level and how the nature of sport may change in the future. The third theme referred to the implications of heatwave experience on athlete health and performance, and how experience affected individual and organisational preparedness. Finally, the fourth theme referred to enablers and barriers to successful climate change communication.\u0000This study contributes to the sport ecology literature by introducing the subjective heat experiences of elite athletes. Educating athletes and event organisers about the impacts of heat on sport participation is imperative to increase awareness, and hopefully limit illness for those training and competing.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Post-Immunization COVID-19 Context Affected Residents’ Evacuation Behavior During Hurricane Ida","authors":"A. Polen, J. Collins, E. Dunn, S. Murphy, I. Jernigan, K. McSweeney, Yi‐Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0114.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0114.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-making during disasters fundamentally changed to accommodate the combined risks of hurricanes and infectious diseases. Prior research conducted in 2020 by Collins et al. (2021a, 2021b, 2022) examined how individuals changed their intended evacuation decision-making during the pandemic or their actual evacuation decisions during Hurricanes Laura and Sally. Hurricane Ida provided further data on evacuation decision-making when vaccinations and masks were widely available. A digital survey was disseminated to individuals affected by Hurricane Ida in 2021. Respondents provided information about their actual evacuation choices and perceptions of public shelters and COVID-19 risks. Compared to the 2020 hurricane season, more individuals have reduced negative perceptions of hurricane shelters. However, individuals were less likely to utilize public shelters than in the 2020 season, with 11.4% more individuals stating they would definitely or probably avoid using shelters in 2021. Fewer individuals identified that COVID-19 was a primary reason they chose to stay home during Hurricane Ida (19.5% compared to 86.8% during Hurricanes Laura and Sally). Furthermore, respondents with health risks for severe COVID-19 symptoms were no more likely to evacuate than those respondents who had no health risks. Potentially, as the pandemic progressed and vaccine availability and COVID-19 management improved, COVID-19 has had less impact on evacuation decision-making. The results from this work should guide planners in emergency management and public health in future hurricane seasons and future pandemics or other outbreaks to anticipate behavior changes and properly manage infectious disease threats.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47395573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact-based Flood early warning for rural livelihoods in Uganda","authors":"F. Mitheu, E. Stephens, C. Petty, A. Ficchí, E. Tarnavsky, R. Cornforth","doi":"10.1175/wcas-d-22-0089.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0089.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Anticipatory actions are increasingly being taken before an extreme flood event to reduce the impacts on lives and livelihoods. Local contextualised information is required to support real-time local decisions on where and when to act and what anticipatory actions to take. This study defines an impact-based early warning trigger system that integrates flood forecasts with livelihood information, such as crop calendars, to target anticipatory actions better. We demonstrate the application of this trigger system using a flood case study from the Katakwi District in Uganda. First, we integrate information on the local crop cycles with the flood forecasts to define the impact-based trigger system. Second, we verify the impact-based system using historical flood impact information and then compare it with the existing hazard-based system in the context of humanitarian decisions. Study findings show that the impact-based trigger system has an improved probability of flood detection compared to the hazard-based system. The number of missed events are fewer in the impact-based system while the trigger dates are similar in both systems. In a humanitarian context, the two systems trigger anticipatory actions at the same time. However, the impact-based trigger system can be further investigated in a different context (e.g., for livelihood protection) to assess the value of the local information. The impact-based system could also provide a valuable tool to validate the existing hazard-based system, which builds more confidence in its use in informing anticipatory actions. The study findings should therefore open avenues for further dialogue on what the impact-based trigger system could mean within the broader Forecast-based Action landscape towards building the resilience of at-risk communities.","PeriodicalId":48971,"journal":{"name":"Weather Climate and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43552732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}