American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse最新文献

{"title":"Benefits of Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation among meeting attendees in Romania: a mixed methods approach.","authors":"Adriana Lavinia Bulumac, Florin Lazăr","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2509106","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2509106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> While alcohol use disorder is a significant social problem in Romania, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) affiliation is scarce despite proven benefits.<i>Objectives:</i> To identify differences between highly and low/nonaffiliated individuals and AA affiliation' associated benefits.<i>Methods:</i> A mixed-method research employed in Romania (<i>n</i> = 24,12 males,12 females; length of sobriety in days, M highly affiliated = 3406, M low/nonaffiliated = 220) comprised measures of organizational commitment, spirituality, well-being, mental health, and addiction and in-depth interviews. T-tests and thematic analysis were used.<i>Results:</i> Quantitative findings showed significant differences in affective organizational commitment (d = 1.1, <i>p</i> = .01), number of completed AA Steps (d = 2.5, <i>p</i> < .005), positive religious coping (d = 1.1, <i>p</i> = .01), anxiety (d = - .9, <i>p</i> = .03), craving (d = - 2, <i>p</i> < .005), commitment to sobriety (d = 1.4, <i>p</i> = .005), confidence on staying sober (d = 1.4, <i>p</i> = .005), abstinence self-efficacy (temptation: d = 1.6, <i>p</i> = .001; confidence: d = .9, <i>p</i> = .03) and desire for abstinence (overall: d = 1.3, <i>p</i> = .004; intention: d = 1.4, <i>p</i> = .002; attitude: d = 1.1, <i>p</i> = .01; subjective norm: d = .9, <i>p</i> = .03; perceived control: d = 1.4, <i>p</i> = .002). Interview data revealed two main themes: Characteristics of highly affiliated individuals and Characteristics of low/nonaffiliated individuals.<i>Conclusion:</i> Highly affiliated individuals are more likely to maintain sobriety, obtain spiritual benefits, improve their mental health, and become committed to recovery. Low/nonaffiliated individuals can still receive some benefits from attending AA meetings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"521-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of unrecorded alcohol consumption in Argentina: estimation and key predictors.","authors":"Tomás Salomón, Paula Victoria Gimenez, Sol Nicolaides, Mariana Cremonte, Karina Conde","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2528774","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2528774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Unrecorded alcohol refers to alcoholic beverages produced and consumed outside the formal market. Unrecorded consumption is a global issue with multiple implications that remains under-explored in Latin America, where most estimations rely on global statistical models and surveys, with a need for country-level estimations.<i>Objectives:</i> To 1) characterize unrecorded consumption in Argentina, describing the percentage of the population consuming unrecorded alcohol and the annual per capita consumption, 2) explore the types and quantities of unrecorded alcoholic beverages consumed, and 3) identify its main predictors.<i>Methods:</i> We conducted a survey with a non-probabilistic sample of 1125 adults (75.9% woman) in Argentina, using the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach. Estimates of unrecorded consumption were adjusted using external population data. Logistic regressions were used to explore predictors.<i>Results:</i> Nearly 47% of the sample reported unrecorded alcohol consumption in the past 12 months, and around 25% did so in the last 30 days. The most common types of unrecorded consumption in the last 12 months were alcoholic beverages bought at duty-free shops (22.6%), homemade fermented beverages (20.5%), and beverages made with pure alcohol bought at pharmacies (14.7%). Adjusted estimates suggest an annual per capita consumption of 2.43 l of pure unrecorded alcohol. Heavy episodic drinking was the strongest predictor of unrecorded alcohol use in the last year, increasing it by 86%.<i>Conclusions:</i> Unrecorded consumption is widespread in Argentina. These findings highlight the need for more inclusive and effective public health policies to address unrecorded alcohol use and its associated risks in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"430-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of mental health and substance use issues on recidivism among youth on probation.","authors":"Jennifer N Stanley, Sarah C DeLucca, Steven Belenko, Angela Robertson","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2491377","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2491377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Justice-involved youth have high rates of mental health and substance use disorders which are linked to re-offending. However, research on the impact of behavioral health issues, especially among those on community supervision, is limited.<i>Objectives:</i> This study examines the effects of co-occurring mental health and substance use indicators on recidivism among youth on probation using data from the JJ-TRIALS multi-site cooperative. We compare hazard rates for recidivism by type of behavioral health indicator.<i>Methods:</i> The sample includes 3,023 female and 9,617 male (<i>N</i> = 12,649) youth who were followed for up to 1,415 days after initial probation referral.<i>Results:</i> Cox proportional hazard models revealed that those with mental health issues only (HR = 1.5, <i>p</i> < .001), substance use only (HR = 1.5, <i>p</i> < .001), and co-occurring conditions (HR = 3.5, <i>p</i> < .001) had a greater recidivism hazard than those with no behavioral health issues. Survival analysis indicated that those with co-occurring indicators had a faster time to recidivism compared to other behavioral health groups. There was a significant interaction between behavioral health status and treatment initiation, particularly for those with substance use (HR = 0.34, <i>p</i> < .001) and co-occurring indicators (HR = 0.89, <i>p</i> = .02).<i>Conclusion:</i> Behavioral health affects recidivism among justice-involved youth. Treatment initiation, while shown to reduce recidivism, may differentially impact reoffending depending on specific behavioral health needs. Findings highlight the need for enhanced assessment and expanded co-occurring treatment and emphasize the importance of matching youth to appropriate community-based, integrated services to improve justice-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"372-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemp-derived tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and kratom related health claims provided by smoke shop employees: a secret shopper study.","authors":"Kirk E Evoy, Sarina Acharya, Michael Bloomfield, Sorina B Torrez, Jordan R Covvey, Matthew Witry","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2502743","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2502743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> US smoke shop prevalence is growing and stores are diversifying products beyond nicotine vape supplies, often selling non-regulated psychoactive substances.<i>Objectives:</i> Investigate health claims and safety information provided by smoke shop employees regarding hemp-derived tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and kratom.<i>Methods:</i> Secret shopper visits were conducted at 100 San Antonio and Austin, Texas smoke shops. Using scripted questions, shoppers assessed whether the shop sold THC and kratom, what these products could be used for, and adverse effects. Shoppers documented product availability, disease states referenced, health claims made, adverse effects mentioned, and guidance for use related to pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were calculated to characterize shopper reports.<i>Results:</i> THC (100%) and kratom (94%) were routinely stocked by smoke shops. Most employees made at least one health claim regarding THC (50%) or kratom (81%). Claims regarding pain (50%), insomnia (31%), and mental health disorders (27%) were most commonly discussed for THC, while drug withdrawal/cravings (76%), pain (69%), and mental health conditions (31%) were most frequent for kratom. When specifically asked about adverse effects, 22% and 24% of smoke shop employees, respectively, did not disclose any risks about THC or kratom; most others provided minimal information. The most common risks discussed were sedation (36%) and psychiatric (31%) adverse effects for THC, and dependence (59%) and gastrointestinal (24%) adverse effects for kratom.<i>Conclusion:</i> Efforts to develop evidence-based consumer information regarding kratom and hemp-derived THC, improve health information provided by smoke shop employees, and incentivize store owners to devote resources to employee education are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"502-510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIF-1α/miR-185 axis regulates lipid accumulation and metabolism involved in alcohol-related liver disease in mice.","authors":"Jiye Zhang, Yang Shen, Shichao Xiong, Wenling Mou, Shiru Chen, Zhenting Wu, Haobo Sun, Hang Zhou, Jiehao Zhou, Ying Liu, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2507206","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2507206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Hypoxia is a major driver of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) central to this response. Emerging evidence suggests HIF-1α regulates hepatic lipid metabolism via microRNA-185 (miR-185), though the mechanism remains unclear.<i>Objectives:</i> This work aims to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which the HIF-1α/miR-185 pathway regulates lipid uptake and transport in ARLD, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.<i>Methods:</i> Male C57BL/6J mice were administered a chronic ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for six weeks to induce ARLD, along with adeno-associated virus-mediated silencing of HIF-1α. Serum levels of liver function markers and lipid profile components were measured for biochemical analysis. ELISA evaluation was carried out for liver inflammatory markers. Liver sections were evaluated with H&E oil red O staining. HIF-1α, miR-185, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expressions were evaluated using RT-PCR and Western Blot.<i>Results:</i> Chronic alcohol exposure to mice was responsible for inducing liver steatosis, inducing HIF-1α, and increasing miR-185 (<i>p</i> < 0. 05, η² = 0.32). In alcohol-fed wild-type mice, the mRNA and protein levels of SR-BI decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05, η² = 0.29), while LDLR levels were enhanced (<i>p</i> < .05, η² = 0.25). HIF-1α silencing downregulated LDLR mRNA and protein expression in alcohol-fed mice (<i>p</i> < 0. 05, η² = 0.23).<i>Conclusions:</i>Alcohol-induced activation of the HIF-1α/miR-185 pathway disrupts hepatic lipid metabolism by modulating SR-BI and LDLR transcription, presenting a potential therapeutic target for lipid disorders in ARLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"438-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saliva detection of the cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) and cannabinol (CBN) among nightclub attendees in New York City, 2024.","authors":"Nora Satybaldiyeva, Kevin H Yang, Alex J Krotulski, Sara E Walton, Brianna Stang, Joseph J Palamar","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2515360","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2515360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The 2018 U.S. Farm Bill led to a rapid expansion of derived cannabinoid products. Prior studies examining their use rely on self-reported data, which can be unreliable. Nightclubs offer a unique environment for biological surveillance due to their high prevalence of substance use.<i>Objectives:</i> We used biological measures to better understand the prevalence of specific cannabinoids.<i>Methods:</i> Throughout 2024, adults entering New York City nightclubs (<i>n</i> = 1,024; 45.9% female) were surveyed and had their saliva tested for cannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) and cannabinol (CBN). We calculated the prevalence and correlates of detection for these two compounds.<i>Results:</i> Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was detected in 30.8% of the sample, THCA-A in 11.7% and CBN in 8.9%. Compared to males, females had lower odds of testing positive for THCA-A (aOR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16-0.48) and CBN (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27-0.83), and compared to white participants, black participants had higher odds of testing positive for THCA-A (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.12-3.72) and CBN (aOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.94-7.23). Compared to those with a college degree or higher, those with a high school diploma or less had higher odds of testing positive for THCA-A (aOR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.40-6.74) and CBN (aOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.34-4.63) and those with some college had higher odds of testing positive for CBN (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10-3.72).<i>Conclusions:</i> A sizable proportion of nightclub attendees had detectable levels of THCA-A and CBN, highlighting the need to screen for derived cannabinoids alongside THC. Biological drug testing with self-report may improve public health surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"484-491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing factors associated with knowledge of Driving Under the Influence (DUI) penalties.","authors":"Zoe Lindenfeld, James Macinko, Jin Yung Bae, Robert Zeithammer, Diana Silver","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2504152","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2504152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The use of legal sanctions is often framed as a way to deter driving under the influence (DUI). Yet little research has assessed frequent drinkers' knowledge of DUI penalties.<i>Objectives:</i> To assess the general public's knowledge of DUI penalties (an important element of deterrence) in their state and factors associated with more accurate knowledge.<i>Methods:</i> This US-based cross-sectional study used data from a Connect Platform survey of adult drinkers (<i>n</i> = 583, 58.0% male, 41.4% female) that asked their beliefs on the usual DUI fine and jail time penalty in their state, and how much they expected to be charged if imprisoned (jail fee). Responses were compared with data on minimum/maximum DUI penalties that appear in state statutes pertaining to DUI. For fines, responses were considered accurate if within $100 of the penalty on statute, and for jail time, if they matched the penalty on statute. Regression models were used to assess respondent characteristics associated with accurate penalty knowledge.<i>Results:</i> Among respondents, 83.7% and 67.2% underestimated the minimum DUI fine and jail time penalty in their state, respectively, and 8.7% and 19.7% overestimated. Although 75.4% of respondents lived in a state that charged jail fees, less than half were aware of this. No demographic or characteristic was consistently associated with accurate penalty knowledge across regression models (<i>p</i> > .05).<i>Conclusions:</i> The majority of respondents underestimated the DUI penalty in their state and suggest that large-scale campaigns to educate the public on the severity of DUI penalties are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"511-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Spanish Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Motives Measure (S-SMM) and its short form (S-SMM-SF) among young adults.","authors":"Lucía Vélez Pérez, José Carmona Márquez, Bella M González Ponce, Fermín Fernández Calderón","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2484532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2484532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis (SAC) use is associated with greater negative consequences than individual use. Motives to use are robust predictors of alcohol and cannabis consumption, both separately and simultaneously. Despite the recent development of both a SAC motives measure and its short form, no Spanish adaptation is currently available.<i>Objectives:</i> To provide a Spanish adaptation of the full-length and short-form versions of the simultaneous alcohol and cannabis motives measure and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of young adult SAC users.<i>Methods:</i> A targeted sampling procedure was used to recruit 612 young cannabis users, of whom 479 reported SAC use (18-25 years old [<i>M</i> = 21.01, SD = 2.14]; 36% female). Following adaptation and translation, participants completed the scale, along with measures of frequency of alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use, cannabis motives, and alcohol- and cannabis-related negative consequences.<i>Results:</i> Confirmatory factor analyses showed a four-factor structure (conformity, positive effects, calm/coping, and social). Moreover, the results indicated acceptable internal consistency (.70-.88), providing evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity for most dimensions.<i>Conclusions:</i> The results suggest that both versions of the scale are valuable tools for assessing motives for SAC consumption among young adults. These scales could aid in investigating motives for SAC use and informing interventions to mitigate associated harms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"419-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing the forest for the trees: a commentary on 'real-world' e-cigarette use and readiness to stop smoking among adults who smoke.","authors":"Matthew J Carpenter, Elias M Klemperer","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2497798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2497798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"273-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing substance-involved suicide and unintentional deaths from 2011 to 2021 in Missouri, United States.","authors":"Khrystyna Stetsiv, Melissa Nance, Maria Paschke, Rachel Winograd, Ryan W Carpenter","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2435275","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2435275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Substance-involved suicide and unintentional overdose deaths share risk factors, yet our understanding of how these deaths overlap and differ remains limited. Direct comparisons of substance-involved suicide and unintentional deaths are lacking.<i>Objective:</i> To guide effective prevention and intervention efforts regarding substance-involved suicide, we examined risk factors, demographic and substance-related, of substance-involved suicide and unintentional deaths.<i>Methods:</i> Using logistic and multinomial regression, we used medical examiner records obtained annually (<i>N</i> = 6,467, 72% male) to examine characteristics associated with suicide and unintentional substance-involved deaths in St. Louis, Missouri between 2011 and 2021.<i>Results:</i> Between 2011 and 2021, age-standardized suicide rates slightly decreased (3.55 to 3.33), while unintentional deaths nearly tripled (23.2 to 68.2). Many deaths involved both alcohol and traumatic injury, and almost a fifth of suicides involved prescription opioids. In the logistic model (combining data across 11 years), the following factors were associated with increased odds of suicide, relative to unintentional deaths: White race (OR = 5.42, 95%CI[3.95,7.56]), greater age (OR = 1.01, 95%CI[1.00,1.02]), traumatic injury (OR = 4.40, 95%CI[3.17,6.13]), and presence of not otherwise classified substances (including prescription medications; OR = 4.36, 95%CI[3.11,6.10]). The following were associated with decreased odds of suicide: presence of medical condition (OR = 0.32, 95%CI[0.23,0.45]), fentanyl (OR = 0.04, 95%CI[0.02,0.06]), ethanol (OR = 0.64, 95%CI[0.46,0.88]), cocaine (OR = 0.40, 95%CI[0.24,0.63]), heroin (OR = 0.05, 95%CI[0.03,0.09]), and other stimulants (OR = 0.32, 95%CI[0.20,0.50]).<i>Conclusions:</i> Results suggest a divergence over time in the rates of classified substance-involved suicide and unintentional deaths. A distinctive set of demographic and substance use characteristics differentiated the two manners of death, highlighting potential risk factors to inform further research and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"349-359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}