AoB Plants最新文献

{"title":"Scaling of cotyledon and primary leaf mass versus area in <i>Acer platanoides</i> seedlings under different light conditions.","authors":"Jinfeng Wang, Bader O Almutairi, Lin Wang, Peijian Shi, Weihao Yao, Ülo Niinemets","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotyledons play an important role in early seedling establishment. However, relative to primary leaves, cotyledons tend to have a different investment-on-return strategy. To detect the potential differences in the mass (<i>M</i>) versus area (<i>A</i>) scaling relationships between cotyledons and primary leaves in different light environments, a total of 75 <i>Acer platanoides</i> seedlings were sampled at an open site (<i>n</i> = 52; light availability: 74 ± 5 %) and a shaded site (<i>n</i> = 23; light availability: 4.2 ± 1.2 %). Reduced major axis regression protocols were used to fit the <i>M</i> versus <i>A</i> scaling relationships of primary leaves and cotyledons. The bootstrap percentile method was used to test the significance of the differences in the scaling exponents of <i>M</i> versus <i>A</i> between the two light environments. The scaling exponents of cotyledons at both two sites, as well as the primary leaves at the shade site, were greater than unity indicating 'diminishing returns', while the scaling exponent of primary leaves at the open site was smaller than unity indicating 'increasing returns'. The data collectively indicated light-dependent shifts in support investments and differences in the function of cotyledons and primary leaves. Average leaf structural traits displayed significant differences between the two light environments in accordance with the premium in enhancing photosynthetic capacity in high light and light interception in low light. Although the trait responses to light availability were similar for primary leaves and cotyledons, primary leaves were more responsive to light availability, indicating lower plasticity of cotyledons in response to light levels. These results advance our understanding of the roles of cotyledons and primary leaves in the life history of seedlings in different forest light environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 5","pages":"plae054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Seminal Root Angle Measurement with Corrective Annotation","authors":"Abraham George Smith, Marta Malinowska, Anja Karine Ruud, Luc Janss, Lene Krusell, Jens Due Jensen, Torben Asp","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae046","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring seminal root angle is an important aspect of root phenotyping, yet au- tomated methods are lacking. We introduce SeminalRootAngle, a novel open-source automated method that measures seminal root angles from images. To ensure our method is flexible and user- friendly we build on an established corrective annotation training method for image segmentation. We tested SeminalRootAngle on a heterogeneous dataset of 662 spring barley rhizobox images, which presented challenges in terms of image clarity and root obstruction. Validation of our new auto- mated pipeline against manual measurements yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71. We also measure inter-annotator agreement, obtaining a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicat- ing that our new pipeline provides similar root angle measurement accuracy to manual approaches. We use our new SeminalRootAngle tool to identify SNPs significantly associated with angle and length, shedding light on the genetic basis of root architecture","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use to agriculture and planted forests strongly affect the genetic diversity of Baccharis crispa Spreng., a native herb of South America","authors":"Ricardo Micolino, Felipe Górski, Felipe Liss Zchonski, Rhaniel Nicholas Lisowski Gonçalves, Juliana da Rosa, Paulo Roberto Da-Silva","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae050","url":null,"abstract":"Human population growth constantly requires an increase in the production of food and products from the timber industry. To meet this demand, agriculture and planted forests are advancing over natural areas. In view of this, it is necessary to know the effects of land use for different purposes (grain production, pastures, planted forests, fruit production, among other uses) on the genetic diversity of populations of native species. This knowledge can assist in land use planning as well as in the development of conservation strategies for native species. In this study, we evaluated the effect of land use for agriculture (mainly for cereal production) and planted forests on the genetic diversity of Baccharis crispa Spreng., a herb native to South America. To achieve our goals, we compared population genetic data obtained with three molecular markers (microsatellites, ISSR [inter-simple sequence repeat] and isoenzymes) with data on land use for agriculture and planted forests from 15 different locations. Our results showed that regardless of the molecular marker used, the greater the use of land for agriculture and planted forests, the lower was the genetic diversity of B. crispa populations. Baccharis crispa is a semi-perennial species that needs at least one year to reach its reproductive period, which is prevented in agricultural areas due to the land being turned over or dissected with herbicides every six months. In the studied regions, the planted forests are of eucalypt and/or pine, which besides being species with a high production of allelopathic substances, produce strong shading and B. crispa is a species that inhabits open grassland that needs high incidence of sunlight for development. The data obtained in our study can assist in the decision-making to use land in order to reconcile the production of supplies for humanity and for the conservation of nature.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heatwaves exacerbate pollen limitation through reductions in pollen production and pollen vigour","authors":"Nick M Rosenberger, Jeremy A Hemberger, Neal M Williams","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae045","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Increasingly frequent heat waves threaten the reproduction of flowering plants; compromising the future persistence, adaptive capacity, and dispersal of wild plant populations, and also the yield of fruit-bearing crop plants. Heat damages development of sensitive floral organs and gametes, which inhibits pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization. However, the role of heat has not been integrated into the framework of pollen quantity and quality limitation and how heat influences the success of cross and self-pollination. Methods We exposed developing flowers to either control temperature (25C:20C) or extreme heat (35C:20C) over 72 hours. We then hand pollinated them with either crossed or self-derived pollen from the same temperature treatment to determine direct and interactive effects of simulated heatwaves on pollen tube growth and resulting seed set. We also collected anthers from virgin flowers to measure heat impacts pollen production. Key results Under cooler control temperatures pollen tube survival of self-derived pollen was approximately 27% lower than that of crossed pollen. Pollen tube survival in heat treated cross-pollinated and heat treated self-pollinated flowers were 71% and 77% lower than cross pollen used control temperatures. These differences in pollen tube survival rate between heat treated cross-pollinated and heat-treated self-pollinated flowers were insignificant. Furthermore, extreme heat reduced seed set by 87%, regardless of pollen origin and also reduced pollen production during flower development by approximately 20%. Conclusions Our results suggest flowers that develop during heatwaves are likely to experience exacerbated pollen quantity and quality limitation driven by changes in pollen production and pollen vigour. Heatwave induced pollen limitation will likely reduce crop yields in agricultural systems, and depress mating and reproduction in wild plant species, the latter of which may hinder the adaptive capacity of plants to a rapidly changing world.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Root-Zone Temperature Control System Using Air Source Heat Pump and Its Impact on the Growth and Yield of Paprika","authors":"Jeesang Myung, Meiyan Cui, Byungkwan Lee, Hyein Lee, Jaewook Shin, Changhoo Chun","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae047","url":null,"abstract":"By developing and implementing a local temperature control system, such as a root zone, with a high energy efficiency heat source, we can ensure both yield and energy efficiency against extreme temperatures. This system, designed with practicality in mind, has a remarkably positive impact on paprika plants' growth and yield in greenhouse cultivation. In the summer season, paprika plants were grown with no cooling (NC), nutrient solution cooling (NSC), and the combination of NSC and substrate surround cooling (NSC+SSC). In the case of SSC, cooled water circulated through the pipe surrounding the substrate to lower the substrate temperature. The cooling system maintains the nutrient solution temperature at 18oC and the circulating water temperature at the system in the winter season; the paprika plants were grown with no heating (NH), nutrient solution heating (NSH), and the combination of NSH and substrate surround heating (NSH+SSH). The heating system maintains the nutrient solution temperature at 25oC and the circulating water temperature at 30oC. In the summer, the root fresh and dry weights, stem fresh and dry weights, stem length, and node number were increased in the NSC+SSC. In the winter season, the stem fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and leaf fresh and dry weights were increased in the NSH+SSH. In both seasons, root-zone temperature control increased the fruit quality and yield. The result indicates that this easy-to-install root-zone temperature control system can be applied to the commercial greenhouse to secure paprika growth and yield in year-round cultivation.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability","authors":"Evan A Perkowski, Joseph Terrones, Hannah L German, Nicholas G Smith","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae051","url":null,"abstract":"Many plant species form symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Through this symbiosis, plants allocate photosynthate belowground to the bacteria in exchange for nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere. This symbiosis forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen cycles in many ecosystems. However, the economics of this relationship under soil nitrogen availability gradients is not well understood, as plant investment toward symbiotic nitrogen fixation tends to decrease with increasing soil nitrogen availability. Here, we used a manipulation experiment to examine how costs of nitrogen acquisition vary under a factorial combination of soil nitrogen availability and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Glycine max L. (Merr.). We found that inoculation decreased belowground biomass carbon costs to acquire nitrogen and increased total leaf area and total biomass, but these patterns were only observed under low fertilization and were the result of increased plant nitrogen uptake and no change in belowground carbon allocation. These results suggest that symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria reduce carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition by increasing plant nitrogen uptake, but only when soil nitrogen is low, allowing individuals to increase nitrogen allocation to structures that support aboveground growth. This pattern may help explain the prevalence of plants capable of forming these associations in less fertile soils and provides useful insight into understanding the role of nutrient acquisition strategy on plant nitrogen uptake across nitrogen availability gradients.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in Musaceae (Ensete, Musella, and Musa species) reveals amplification of flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase","authors":"Dongli Cui, Gui Xiong, Lyuhan Ye, Richard Gornall, Ziwei Wang, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Qing Liu","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae049","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids in Musaceae are involved in pigmentation and stress responses, including cold resistance, and are a component of the healthy human diet. Identification and analysis of the sequence and copy number of flavonoid biosynthetic genes are valuable for understanding the nature and diversity of flavonoid evolution in Musaceae species. In this study, we identified 71 to 80 flavonoid biosynthetic genes in chromosome-scale genome sequence assemblies of Musaceae, including those of Ensete glaucum, Musella lasiocarpa, Musa beccarii, M. acuminata, M. balbisiana, and M. schizocarpa, checking annotations with BLAST and determining the presence of conserved domains. The number of genes increased through segmental duplication and tandem duplication. Orthologues of both structural and regulatory genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway are highly conserved across Musaceae. The flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase gene F3’5’H was amplified in Musaceae and ginger compared with grasses (rice, Brachypodium, Avena longiglumis, and sorghum). One group of genes from this gene family amplified near the centromere of chromosome 2 in the x = 11 Musaceae species. Flavonoid biosynthetic genes displayed few consistent responses in the yellow and red bracts of Musella lasiocarpa when subjected to low temperatures. The expression levels of MlDFR2/3 (dihydroflavonol reductase) increased while MlLAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase) was reduced by half. Overall, the results establish the range of diversity in both sequence and copy number of flavonoid biosynthetic genes during evolution of Musaceae. The combination of allelic variants of genes, changes in their copy numbers, and variation in transcription factors with the modulation of expression under cold treatments and between genotypes with contrasting bract-colours suggests the variation may be exploited in plant breeding programmes, particularly for improvement of stress-resistance in the banana crop.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142194742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mating system, morphological, and genetic evidence endorse clonality as an essential reproductive mode in Daphnopsis filipedunculata (Thymelaeaceae), a dioecious and endemic species from the Amazon","authors":"Carolina da Silva Carvalho, Lucas Erickson Nascimento da Costa, Bárbara Simões Santos Leal, Kleber Resende Silva, Adriano Valentin-Silva, Ana Carolina Galindo Costa, Lourival Tyski, Fernando Marino Gomes dos Santos, Mauricio Takashi Coutinho Watanabe","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae048","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims Clonality is characterized by the formation of independent individuals of the same genotype that are capable of reproducing and propagating vegetatively. Although clonality is an important mechanism that facilitates the persistence of a population, its extensive use can lead to negative impacts on sexual reproduction due to trade-offs in the investment of resources. Therefore, studies on the sexual reproduction of species that exhibit clonality can provide information about resilience to environmental changes, information about fecundity, the risk of the absence of pollinators, and the ability to persist in unfavorable conditions and to successfully occupy new areas. Here, we investigated the role of clonal propagation and sexual reproduction in Daphnopsis filipedunculata (Thymelaeaceae), a dioecious species distributed only in Serra dos Carajás. Methods We evaluated the extent of clonality in this species using molecular tools and anatomical analyses of the underground system responsible for developing new ramets. Furthermore, we analyzed the sexual system and its contribution to reproductive success through morphometric analyses of floral types and pollination experiments in the field. Key Results Overall, we found that clonal propagation plays an important role in maintaining the population of D. filipedunculata. Specifically, we demonstrated that this species presents functional male and female plants, indicating that D. filipedunculata is an obligate xenogamous species but has low reproductive success. We also showed that clonal vegetative propagation is the main form of asexual reproduction in this species, with roots responsible for clonal growth. Finally, our results indicated that this species presents an intermediate phalanx-guerrilla clonal architecture. Conclusions Our study provides the first insights into sexual reproduction and clonal propagation in D. filipedunculata and can inform management practices, conservation, and the restoration of endemic species.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142194743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The leaf-scale mass-based photosynthetic optimization model better predicts photosynthetic acclimation than the area-based","authors":"Yuan Yu, Huixing Kang, Han Wang, Yuheng Wang, Yanhong Tang","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae044","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims Leaf-scale photosynthetic optimization models can quantitatively predict photosynthetic acclimation and have become important means of improving vegetation and land surface models. Previous models have generally been based on the optimality assumption of maximizing the net photosynthetic assimilation per unit leaf area (i.e., the area-based optimality), while overlooking other optimality assumption such as maximizing the net photosynthetic assimilation per unit leaf dry mass (i.e., the mass-based optimality). Methods This paper compares the predicted results of photosynthetic acclimation to different environmental conditions between the area-based optimality and the mass-based optimality models. The predictions are then verified using the observational data from the literatures. Key Results The mass-based optimality model better predicted photosynthetic acclimation to growth light intensity, air temperature and CO2 concentration, and captured more variability in photosynthetic traits than the area-based optimality models. Conclusions The findings suggest that the mass-based optimality approach may be a promising strategy for improving the predictive power and accuracy of optimization models, which have been widely used in various studies related to plant carbon issues.","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142194778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The opportunity of using durum wheat landraces to tolerate drought stress: screening morpho-physiological components.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad022.].</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 4","pages":"plae042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}