AoB Plants最新文献

{"title":"Males differ more between developmental stages than females, and plasticity to light is stage-dependent in the tropical plant <i>Marchantia inflexa</i>.","authors":"Jonathan D Moore, D Nicholas McLetchie","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants have evolved strategies to maintain photosynthesis and mitigate tissue-damaging high light. In some dioecious seed plants, these strategies are sexually dimorphic and are linked to spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS) along light gradients. In vascular tissue-free plants (bryophytes) with separate sexes, SSS is common, but how light gradients, sexual dimorphisms, and SSS correlate is not well understood. To test if sexual dimorphisms in vegetative or sexual stages lead to light-associated SSS in bryophytes, we used <i>Marchantia inflexa</i> whose males occupy a wider range of light conditions, including higher light conditions, than females. We also tested if changes in development differed between sexes. We grew 25 males and 25 females in a glasshouse with clones in low and high light and assessed pigment and biomass allocation traits in vegetative and sexual thalli (analogous to leaves), representing non-sexual and sexually reproductive stages. We expected males to exhibit traits consistent with high light acclimation more than females and greater sex differences in sexual thalli due to specialization. Further, we reasoned that males would change more between stages than females. For sexual thalli, males had higher carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios (consistent with expectation), while females had higher chlorophyll <i>a/b</i> ratios and dry matter content (opposite from expectations). Vegetative thalli were not sexually dimorphic but were more plastic to light than sexual thalli. Overall, the stages differed more for males than females, but without regard for light. However, female stages differed more for dry matter content. Males generally need greater change in pigmentation and biomass allocation than females between stages, and we posit links for individual traits to sex function. Specialization in sexual thalli constrains their plasticity to light compared to vegetative thalli. Yet, neither sexual dimorphism in sexual thalli nor greater change between stages for males than females clearly leads to light-associated SSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed mating system and intraspecific variation in lizard pollination of <i>Withania frutescens</i> (L.) Pauquy.","authors":"Raquel Muñoz-Gallego, Anna Traveset, Rafel Beltrán, Sandra Hervías-Parejo","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant reproductive strategies are particularly relevant on islands, where environmental constraints usually shape ecological dynamics. In this sense, the role of lizards (Lacertilia) as flower visitors and potential pollinators has been increasingly recognized. However, lizards may also consume plant reproductive tissues, potentially influenced by lizard intraspecific traits such as age and sex. This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the reproductive biology of the rare Mediterranean shrub <i>Withania frutescens</i> (L.) Pauquy (Solanaceae), and to assess the role of the Balearic lizard <i>Podarcis lilfordi</i> Günther (Lacertidae) as a potential pollinator on Na Redona islet (Cabrera archipelago, Balearic Islands). We analysed flower traits (corolla length, corolla diameter, stamen length, and pistil length) and performed flower bagging experiments with three pollination treatments (open pollination, autogamy, and cross hand-pollination) from 2018 to 2021 to unravel the plant reproductive system. Fruit set, the number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, size and viability were then assessed. Observational censuses were conducted to identify the main flower visitors and estimate their visitation frequency. Finally, we measured morphometric traits of lizards and explored potential intraspecific variation in floral use. The flowers of <i>W. frutescens</i> were morphologically hermaphroditic but functionally dioecious, spatially separated in unisexual individual plants. Open pollination and autogamy treatments resulted in similar fruit set, while cross hand-pollination produced the highest value. However, open pollination significantly increased seed weight and viability. Lizards were the most frequent floral visitors, accounting for 68% of visits, while insects made up the remaining 32%. Lizards played a dual role as both pollinators and florivores, with 45% of their visits potentially contributing to pollination and 55% involving florivory. Juveniles and females primarily conducted legitimate visits, whereas males -with a larger size- were more likely to consume the flowers. Our research describes, for the first time, a mixed reproductive system in <i>W. frutescens</i>, combining hermaphroditism with cryptic dioecy. We also provide a new example of a lizard-pollinated plant, highlighting the importance of vertebrates on island pollination as well as the influence of pollinator intraspecific variation on plant reproductive success. Further research on the reproductive and pollination systems of small, isolated plant populations is crucial, given their heightened vulnerability to disturbance and genetic inbreeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bark anatomy of <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> (Euphorbiaceae): a unique way of bark dilatation on a stem succulent tree.","authors":"Kolwane Calphonia Shilaluke, Annah Moteetee, Alexei Oskolski","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The covering tissue structure is important for leafless stem succulents, influencing their photosynthetic activity. Usually, the epidermis on succulent stems persists for a long time, making the stem photosynthesize as long as possible. Its persistence implies maintaining the continuity of covering tissues during bark dilatation. In most plants, dilatation is performed by developing periderm(s) to replace the epidermis. The ways of bark dilatation with delay of periderm formation remain poorly known. In the present study, we examine the structure of the juvenile and mature bark of succulent pencil tree <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> (Euphorbiaceae) to clarify the ways of dilatation of its protective tissues. The bark structure of <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> at various developmental stages was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The epidermis is found not only on young stems of <i>E. tirucalli</i> but also on the bark of its thick branches and trunk, which are up to about 6 cm in diameter. On the young stems, the stomata are sunken in long vertical grooves. On the older stems, these grooves are stretched out due to dilatation, bringing stomata to the surface. Expansion cracks, i.e. broad vertical epidermal ruptures underlaid by tightly arranged tangential strands of cortical parenchyma, appear between the stomatal zones on dilated bark. The phellogen is initiated in the depth of the cortex beneath the epidermal ruptures long after their formation. The bark dilatation by forming epidermal ruptures with delayed initiation of periderm was found for the first time. Prolonged photosynthesis in the succulent stem is the main functional benefit of such a bark dilatation method. The initiation of periderm in the depth of the cortex has not been reported in stem succulents other than a few <i>Euphorbia</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laticifers are present in Acalyphoideae after all: new insights from leaf anatomy with implications for the systematics and evolution of Euphorbiaceae.","authors":"Clara Prandi Mouzella, Ana Angélica Sousa, Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo, Iris Montero-Muñoz, Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira, Ricarda Riina","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Euphorbiaceae is among the main angiosperm families with a high number of laticiferous species. Although many of its species remain to be studied in terms of their anatomy, chemistry, and uses, there are some of recognized economic importance due to useful secondary compounds present in the latex. Acalyphoideae, one of the three major subfamilies, has traditionally been distinguished from the rest of Euphorbiaceae by the absence of latex and laticifers. To test this long-standing assumption, we anatomically analysed 40 species in 10 genera, representing six of the nine subclades of Acalyphoideae s.s., to examine the presence of laticifers using leaf blade and petiole sections. Laticifers were observed in all the studied species and consisted of multinucleate, elongated cells with dense cytoplasm. They were articulated and branched in <i>Acalypha</i>, <i>Bia</i>, and <i>Dalechampia</i>; this was further confirmed by ontogenetic analyses in <i>Acalypha accedens</i>, <i>A. brasiliensis</i>, and <i>A. poiretii</i>. Histochemical tests revealed lipids, proteins, mucilage, and starch in laticifers. Our results demonstrate that laticifers are present and common in Acalyphoideae and thus more widespread in Euphorbiaceae than previously known. The scarcity of detailed anatomical studies, and the often imperceptible latex exudation of most Acalyphoideae, are probably the main reasons that have misled field botanists and systematists in the past.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localized chilling of crowns promotes floral bud differentiation in strawberry transplants in a closed transplant production system.","authors":"Jaewook Shin, Meiyan Cui, Hyein Lee, Byungkwan Lee, Jeesang Myung, Haeyoung Na, Changhoo Chun","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A stable supply of transplants with floral buds is required to improve the initial yield of the June-bearing cultivars of strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.). A closed transplant production system (CTPS) enables year-round production to meet the demands for the year-round production of strawberries in plant factories. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a novel method involving the localized chilling of strawberry crowns using silicone tubes containing circulated chilled water at different temperatures (10, 15, or 20°C) at the nighttime and different chilling regimes (daytime, nighttime, or entire day) under high air temperature conditions in a CTPS in terms of floral bud differentiation. We observed that 4 weeks of localized chilling at 10 or 15^oC during the nighttime under the air temperature of 25/20°C (photo-/dark periods) and a photoperiod of 10 h promoted floral bud differentiation, whereas 6 weeks of localized chilling under the same conditions inhibited differentiation. Moreover, 4 weeks of localized chilling at 5^oC during the daytime or entire day under the elevated air temperatures of 28/21°C and an extended photoperiod of 14 h promoted floral bud differentiation, and 6 weeks of localized chilling during the entire day under the same conditions further promoted bud differentiation compared with that in the control. Plant growth was generally unaffected by the localized chilling of the crowns. The results indicate that to cope with the impacts of elevated air temperature and photoperiod conditions, the continuous localized chilling of crowns at 5^oC during the entire day for 6 weeks must be used to achieve optimal bud differentiation. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the localized chilling of the crowns for floral bud differentiation in strawberry in CTPSs, without disrupting the high-air temperature and long-day conditions required for vegetative growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking pollen tube and ovule development <i>in vivo</i> reveals rapid responses to pollination in <i>Brassica napus</i>.","authors":"Catherine Parry, Colin Turnbull, Richard J Gill","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollination and subsequent fertilization in most angiosperms are precursors of seed and fruit development. Thus, understanding the developmental processes can improve the management of plant reproductive success and food security. Indeed, the window between ovule fertilization and seed development is crucial for the accumulation of metabolites which determines ultimate seed quality and yield. Establishing detailed temporal maps of development to describe pollination to early seed development is therefore extremely valuable to provide context for molecular studies, plant breeding, and to refine crop management strategies for optimal seed quality. Here, we characterize aspects of post-pollination responses in the globally important crop plant <i>Brassica napus</i> (oilseed rape, canola) with a high-resolution time series of microscope images of the floral organs during the first 48 h post pollination. We demonstrate the rapid response to pollination in <i>B. napus</i> (c.v. Westar), with pollen tubes germinating and traversing the style within just 4 h. We also describe markers of early seed formation in response to fertilization in the synchronous development of ovule area and stigma length. Our results provide a series of temporal benchmarks for post-pollination floral morphology in <i>B. napus</i>, representing valuable reference points for studying and tracking pollination responses and early seed development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ericaceous dwarf shrubs in drained forested peatlands: distribution, dynamics, and key factors in a restoration experiment.","authors":"Triin Tekko, Asko Lõhmus","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ericaceous dwarf shrubs comprise a key component of the vegetation in several types of northern peatlands. Widespread draining of the peatlands is known to favour forest species (such as <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> and <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i>) over mire species (such as <i>Andromeda polifolia</i> and <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>), but it is unclear to what extent such assemblage shifts should form a target for ecological restoration. In this paper, we analyse the performance of eight co-occurring dwarf shrub species in a large-scale ecological restoration experiment in Scots pine-dominated wetlands that had been drained over 40 years ago in Estonia. We address two related questions: (1) how major ecosystem-change-related factors and within-assemblage interactions affect the 1-m² scale presence of each species in the drained landscape, and (2) to what extent their cover responses to ditch blocking and partial harvest over 6 years reveal a reversal of the drainage-caused succession. We explored those factors and the treatment effects using general linear mixed modelling of the species' presence and cover. At least four species were responding negatively to drainage, predominantly along with the stand successional stage. However, the results infer that most species were probably enhanced in the early post-drainage phase. The presence of each species was independently enhanced by the presence of other species; the only antagonistic relationship found was between <i>V. myrtillus</i> and <i>V. uliginosum</i>. Ditch blocking had a clear effect only on <i>V. oxycoccos</i>, which increased along with <i>Sphagnum</i> moss cover. In several species, we found a temporary decline in some treatments. Overall, the ericaceous shrub cover appeared rather resistant to the fundamental environmental changes investigated and it may serve as a relatively stable functional component both in natural and anthropogenic peatland transitions. In addition to clone longevity, the facilitative mechanisms suggested by co-occurrence patterns may play a role in this and deserve further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 2","pages":"plaf003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollination effectiveness affects the level of generalisation of a plant species with phenotypically plastic flowers.","authors":"José M Gómez, Luis Navarro, Adela González-Megías, Cristina Armas, Francisco Perfectti, Ángel Caravantes, Raquel Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pollination specialisation/generalisation continuum is a basic concept in pollination biology, usually defined as the number of species or functional groups of pollinators visiting a plant species. The level of specialisation can be affected by the relative abundance of pollinators on flowers, the among-pollinator variation in per-visit efficiency and the intra-population variation in floral traits. Here, we explore how these components influence the degree of generalisation of a Mediterranean herb, <i>Moricandia arvensis</i> (Brassicaceae). <i>Moricandia arvensis</i> shows a remarkable intra-individual floral polyphenism, with large cross-shaped lilac flowers during spring and small rounded white flowers during summer. We quantified the pollinator assemblages, grouped into functional groups, of six plant populations from SE Spain during spring and summer, experimentally tested their preference for spring and summer floral morphs, their per-visit efficiency, and their effectiveness during each flowering period, estimated as their contribution to plant's fitness. The level of generalisation differed between floral morphs: spring flowers are visited mainly by large long-tongued bees, while summer flowers are visited by a diverse set including small short-tongued bees, large long-tongued bees, large butterflies and beeflies. The functional groups of pollinators differed in their preferences for floral morphs, with large long-tongued bees, small short-tongued bees and beeflies preferring spring floral morphs, whereas flies and butterflies preferred summer floral morphs. Pollinator per-visit efficiency also varied among functional groups. Bees and butterflies produced many seeds per visit, while beetles, hoverflies and flies produced few or no seeds per visit. By combining floral visits with per-visit efficiency (effectiveness), the spring pollinator assemblage became significantly more specialised and the summer pollinator assemblage significantly more generalised. Our study suggests that, although traditionally neglected in pollination studies, examining pollinator effectiveness is crucial to accurately characterise generalisation-specialisation gradients, rigorously categorising pollination niches and correctly describing the architecture of plant-pollinator interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 3","pages":"plae065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought drives selection for earlier flowering, while pollinators drive selection for larger flowers in annual <i>Brassica rapa</i>.","authors":"Kaushalya Rathnayake, Amy L Parachnowitsch","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought-induced changes in floral traits can disrupt plant-pollinator interactions, influencing pollination and reproductive success. These phenotypic changes likely also affect natural selection on floral traits, yet phenotypic selection studies manipulating drought remain rare. We studied how drought impacts selection to understand the potential evolutionary consequences of drought on floral traits. We used a factorial experiment with potted plants to manipulate both water availability (well-watered and drought) and pollination (open and supplemented). We examined the treatment effects on traits of <i>Brassica rapa</i> and estimated phenotypic selection and whether it was pollinator-mediated in these two abiotic conditions. Drought affected plant phenotypes, leading to plants with fewer flowers and ultimately lower seed production. Flowering time did not show variation with watering, but we found the strongest effect of drought on selection was for flowering time. There was a selection for flowering faster in drought but not well-watered conditions. Pollinators instead were the agents responsible for selection on flower size, but we did not find strong evidence that drought effected pollinator-mediated selection. There was a stronger selection for larger flowers in drought compared to well-watered plants, and it could be attributed to pollinators however, there was no significant difference between watering treatments. Our results show the effects of drought are not limited to phenotypic responses and may alter evolution in plants by changing phenotypic selection on traits. The connection between phenotypic plasticity and selection may be important to understand as we found the most variable trait (display size) was not under selection while the trait with different selection in drought (flowering time) did not change in response to drought. Our study highlights the importance of manipulating potential agents of selection, especially to understand fully the potential impacts of components of climate change such as drought.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plae070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taming the wild: domesticating untapped northern fruit tree and shrub resources in the era of high-throughput technologies.","authors":"Jérôme Gélinas Bélanger","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New crop`s need to emerge to provide sustainable solutions to climate change and increasing abiotic and biotic constraints on agriculture. A large breadth of northern fruit trees and shrubs exhibit a high potential for domestication; however, obstacles to implementing traditional breeding methods have hampered or dissuaded efforts for improvement. This review article proposes a unique roadmap for <i>de novo</i> domestication of northern fruit crops, with a focus on biotechnological (e.g. genome editing, rapid cycle breeding, and <i>in planta</i> transformation) approaches that can boast rapid evolutionary gains. In addition, numerous biotechnological (e.g. virus-induced flowering and grafting-mediated flowering) and breeding strategies (e.g. adaptation of speed breeding to fruit trees) that can hasten the transition from juvenility to sexual maturity are described. A description of an accelerated genetic breeding strategy with insights for 16 underutilized species (e.g. shagbark hickory, running serviceberry, horse chestnut, and black walnut) is provided to support their enhancement. Deemed unrealistic only a decade ago, progress in the realm of bioengineering heralds a future for northern orphan crops through the implementation of fast-tracked crop improvement programs. As such, the roadmap presented in this article paves the way to integrating these novel biotechnological discoveries and propel the development of these forgotten crops in a sustainable and timely manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plae074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}