AoB Plants最新文献

{"title":"Drought drives selection for earlier flowering, while pollinators drive selection for larger flowers in annual <i>Brassica rapa</i>.","authors":"Kaushalya Rathnayake, Amy L Parachnowitsch","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought-induced changes in floral traits can disrupt plant-pollinator interactions, influencing pollination and reproductive success. These phenotypic changes likely also affect natural selection on floral traits, yet phenotypic selection studies manipulating drought remain rare. We studied how drought impacts selection to understand the potential evolutionary consequences of drought on floral traits. We used a factorial experiment with potted plants to manipulate both water availability (well-watered and drought) and pollination (open and supplemented). We examined the treatment effects on traits of <i>Brassica rapa</i> and estimated phenotypic selection and whether it was pollinator-mediated in these two abiotic conditions. Drought affected plant phenotypes, leading to plants with fewer flowers and ultimately lower seed production. Flowering time did not show variation with watering, but we found the strongest effect of drought on selection was for flowering time. There was a selection for flowering faster in drought but not well-watered conditions. Pollinators instead were the agents responsible for selection on flower size, but we did not find strong evidence that drought effected pollinator-mediated selection. There was a stronger selection for larger flowers in drought compared to well-watered plants, and it could be attributed to pollinators however, there was no significant difference between watering treatments. Our results show the effects of drought are not limited to phenotypic responses and may alter evolution in plants by changing phenotypic selection on traits. The connection between phenotypic plasticity and selection may be important to understand as we found the most variable trait (display size) was not under selection while the trait with different selection in drought (flowering time) did not change in response to drought. Our study highlights the importance of manipulating potential agents of selection, especially to understand fully the potential impacts of components of climate change such as drought.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plae070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical tree species with high wood specific gravity have higher concentrations of wood phosphorus and are more efficient at resorbing it.","authors":"Andrés González-Melo, Juan Manuel Posada, Jacques Beauchêne, Romain Lehnebach, Bruno Clair","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) play important roles in plant metabolism and hydraulic balance, respectively, while calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are important components of cell walls. Although significant amounts of these nutrients are found in wood, relatively little is known on how the wood concentrations of these nutrients are related to other wood traits, or on the factors driving the resorption of these nutrients within stems. We measured wood nutrient (i.e. P, K, Ca, and Mg) concentrations, wood specific gravity (WSG), as well as wood fibre and parenchyma fractions, in both inner (i.e. close to the pith) and outer (i.e. close to the bark) wood, for 22 tree species from a rainforest of eastern Amazonia. We first examined the associations of wood nutrient concentrations with WSG, fibre fractions, and parenchyma fractions. Then, we assessed whether resorption rates (i.e. difference between heartwood and sapwood nutrient contents) differed among nutrients, and whether nutrient resorption rates were related to species ecological strategies. WSG was unrelated to wood Ca, positively related to wood P in outer wood, and negatively related to inner wood Mg, as well as to both inner and outer wood K. Overall, nutrients were unrelated or negatively related to fibre and parenchyma fractions, except for wood Ca and wood P, which were positively related to fibre and axial parenchyma fractions in outer wood, respectively. We found that resorption rates did not differ among nutrients, and that P resorption rates were higher in high WSG, while K, Ca, and Mg resorption rates were unrelated to WSG. This study illustrates that the relationships of wood nutrient concentration with WSG and cell type fractions can be nutrient-specific. Our results indicate that, excluding a positive association between wood Ca and fibre fractions, and between wood P and axial parenchyma fractions, wood nutrients were mostly unrelated to anatomical traits. Our findings also suggest that high-WSG (i.e. shade-tolerant) species store higher amounts of wood P, and are more efficient at resorbing wood P, than low-WSG (i.e. fast-growing) species. These insights are important to increase our understanding on wood nutrient allocation, nutrient resorption, and tree ecological strategies in lowland tropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plaf001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral traits underlying mating system differentiation in the wind-pollinated sister species <i>Oryza rufipogon</i> and <i>Oryza nivara</i>.","authors":"Michael Grillo, Andrés Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shift from outcrossing to predominantly selfing is one of the most common transitions in plant evolution. This evolutionary shift has received considerable attention from biologists; however, this work has almost exclusively been focused on animal-pollinated systems. Despite the seminal ecological and economic importance of wind-pollinated species, the mechanisms controlling the degree of outcrossing in wind-pollinated taxa remain poorly understood. As a first step toward addressing this issue, we have conducted a comparative study of floral biology between two recently diverged sister species, <i>Oryza rufipogon</i> and <i>Oryza nivara</i> (Poaceae), that are wind-pollinated and possess distinct mating systems with <i>O. rufipogon</i> being outcrossing and <i>O. nivara</i> highly self-fertilized Therefore, these species present an ideal system for exploring mating system evolution in wind-pollinated taxa. We have identified key floral traits that differ between populations of these species and that are associated with mating system divergence including anther length, anther basal pore size, stigma papillae density, panicle shape, panicle exsertion, pollen viability, and early anther dehiscence. Of these traits, large anther basal pore size and early anther dehiscence are hypothesized to confer reliable autogamous selfing in <i>O. nivara</i>. Manipulations of floret number were conducted to partition the role of geitonogamy and autogamy in conferring self-fertilization. This experiment revealed that selfing in <i>O. nivara</i> is consistent with autogamous selfing, whereas <i>O. rufipogon</i> achieves selfing through geitonogamy. This study serves as a model for understanding the floral mechanisms controlling the outcrossing rate in other wind-pollinated systems, most notably other grasses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plae073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of genetic and environmental interactions on leaf elongation and reproductive development in <i>Lolium perenne</i>.","authors":"Simon Rouet, Jean-Louis Durand, Alice Troux, Romain Barillot","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perennial grasses' reproductive phenology profoundly impacts plant morphogenesis, biomass production, and perenniality in natural ecosystems and cultivated grasslands. Complex interactions between vegetative and reproductive development complicate grass phenology prediction for various environments and genotypes. This work aims to analyse genetic × environment interactions effects on tiller growth and reproductive development in <i>Lolium perenne.</i> Three perennial ryegrass cultivars, Bronsyn, Carvalis, and Tryskal, were grown from seedling to heading under four inductive conditions. T0 plants were continuously exposed to high temperatures and long days (HT-LD). T1, T2, and T3, plants were initially exposed to low temperatures and short days (LT-SD) for 9 weeks. Then, T1 plants were immediately transferred to high temperatures and long days (HT-LD). Before their exposure to HT-LD, T2, and T3 plants were first transferred to high temperatures and short days (HT-SD) for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. Leaf length, leaf emergence, and heading were regularly monitored. Floral transition and heading only occurred in T1, T2, and T3, i.e. after successive exposure to low temperature and long photoperiod. Bronsyn had higher heading earliness and proportion of reproductive tillers than Carvalis and Tryskal. The duration of HT-SD exposure affected the final number of leaves and spikelets. The rate of leaf and spikelet production significantly increased once plants were exposed to LD. Our results suggest an additive effect of the photoperiod and floral transition on leaf elongation rate. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic × environment interactions on the vegetative and reproductive development in perennial ryegrass.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plae069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Grass leaf structural and stomatal trait responses to climate gradients assessed over the 20th century and across the Great Plains, USA.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae055.].</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 6","pages":"plae064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in two forest understorey herbs in response to forest management intensity.","authors":"Charlotte Møller, Martí March-Salas, Pieter De Frenne, J F Scheepens","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Local adaptation is a common phenomenon that helps plant populations to adjust to broad-scale environmental heterogeneity. Given the strong effect of forest management on the understorey microenvironment and often long-term effects of forest management actions, it seems likely that understorey herbs may have locally adapted to the practiced management regime and induced environmental variation. We investigated the response of <i>Anemone nemorosa</i> and <i>Milium effusum</i> to forest management using a transplant experiment along a silvicultural management intensity gradient. Genets were sampled from sites with contrasting management intensities and transplanted sympatrically, near allopatrically and far allopatrically along the management intensity gradient to test for local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, as well as to sites where the species were absent to test for recruitment versus dispersal limitations. We then measured survival and fitness traits over two growing seasons. We found only little evidence of local adaptation in <i>A. nemorosa</i> and <i>M. effusum</i>, whereas various traits in both species showed linear plastic changes in response to transplantation along the forest management intensity gradient. Furthermore, <i>A. nemorosa</i> performed worse when transplanted to unoccupied sites, suggesting recruitment limitation, whereas <i>M. effusum</i> performed better in unoccupied sites, suggesting dispersal limitation. Altogether, our results underpin the importance of forest management to indirectly drive phenotypic variation among populations of forest plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"17 1","pages":"plae061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-continental comparison of plant reproductive phenology shows high intraspecific variation in temperature sensitivity.","authors":"Rachel A Reeb, J Mason Heberling, Sara E Kuebbing","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of plant species under climate change will be determined, in part, by their phenological responses to temperature. Despite the growing need to forecast such outcomes across entire species ranges, it remains unclear how phenological sensitivity to temperature might vary across individuals of the same species. In this study, we harnessed community science data to document intraspecific patterns in phenological temperature sensitivity across the multicontinental range of six herbaceous plant species. Using linear models, we correlated georeferenced temperature data with 23 220 plant phenological records from <i>iNaturalist</i> to generate spatially explicit estimates of phenological temperature sensitivity across the shared range of species. We additionally evaluated the geographic association between local historic climate conditions (i.e. mean annual temperature [MAT] and interannual variability in temperature) and the temperature sensitivity of plants. We found that plant temperature sensitivity varied substantially at both the interspecific and intraspecific levels, demonstrating that phenological responses to climate change have the potential to vary both within and among species. Additionally, we provide evidence for a strong geographic association between plant temperature sensitivity and local historic climate conditions. Plants were more sensitive to temperature in hotter climates (i.e. regions with high MAT), but only in regions with high interannual temperature variability. In regions with low interannual temperature variability, plants displayed universally weak sensitivity to temperature, regardless of baseline annual temperature. This evidence suggests that pheno-climatic forecasts may be improved by accounting for intraspecific variation in phenological temperature sensitivity. Broad climatic factors such as MAT and interannual temperature variability likely serve as useful predictors for estimating temperature sensitivity across species' ranges.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 6","pages":"plae058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanism of flower colour formation in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> Planchon revealed by integration of microRNAome and RNAomics.","authors":"Jun Fu, Chuanchuan Tian, Xuchun Wan, Ruibin Hu, Jiaojun Yu, Jialiang Zhang, Shuzhen Wang","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systems-wide understanding of gene expression profile regulating flower colour formation in <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> Planchon is insufficient. In this research, integration analysis of ribonucleic acid (RNA)omics and microRNAome were performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of flower colour formation in three <i>R. simsii</i> varieties with red, pink and crimson flowers, respectively. Totally, 3129, 5755 and 5295 differentially expressed gene (DEG)s were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis between 'Red variety' and 'Pink variety' (1507 up-regulated and 1622 down-regulated), 'Red variety' and 'Crimson variety' (2148 up-regulated 3607 down-regulated), as well as 'Pink variety' and 'Crimson variety' (2089 up-regulated and 3206 down-regulated), which were involved in processes of 'catalytic activity', 'binding', 'metabolic process' and 'cellular process', as well as pathways of 'metabolic pathways', 'biosynthesis of secondary metabolites', 'plant-pathogen interaction' and 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis'. A total of 215 miRNAs, containing 153 known miRNAs belonging to 57 families and 62 novel miRNA, were involved in flower colour formation. In particular, 55 miRNAs were significantly differently expressed. Based on miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, ath-miR5658 could affect the synthesis of pelargonidin, cyanidin and delphinidin through downregulating accumulation of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase; ath-miR868-3p could regulate isoflavonoid biosynthesis through downregulating expression of CYP81E1/E7; ath-miR156g regulated the expression of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase; and ath-miR829-5p regulated flavonol synthasein flavonoid biosynthesis process. This research will provide important roles in breeding new varieties with rich flower colour.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 5","pages":"plae053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Morpho-physiological and yield traits for selection of drought tolerant <i>Urochloa</i> grass ecotypes.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae034.].</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 5","pages":"plae052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass leaf structural and stomatal trait responses to climate gradients assessed over the 20th century and across the Great Plains, USA.","authors":"Ryan C Donnelly, Jesse B Nippert, Emily R Wedel, Carolyn J Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/aobpla/plae055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aobpla/plae055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Abstract</b>. Using herbarium specimens spanning 133 years and field-collected measurements, we assessed intraspecific trait (leaf structural and stomatal) variability from grass species in the Great Plains of North America. We focused on two widespread, closely related grasses from the tribe Paniceae: <i>Dichanthelium oligosanthes</i> subsp. <i>scribnerianum</i> (C₃) and <i>Panicum virgatum</i> (C₄). Thirty-one specimens per taxon were sampled from local herbaria from the years 1887 to 2013 to assess trait responses across time to changes in atmospheric [CO₂] and growing season precipitation and temperature. In 2021 and 2022, the species were measured from eight grasslands sites to explore how traits vary spatially across natural continental precipitation and temperature gradients. Δ¹³C increased with atmospheric [CO₂] for <i>D</i>. <i>oligosanthes</i> but decreased for <i>P</i>. <i>virgatum</i>, likely linked to increases in precipitation in the study region over the past century. Notably, this is the first record of decreasing Δ¹³C over time for a C₄ species illustrating ¹³C linkages to climate. As atmospheric [CO₂] increased, C:N increased and δ¹⁵N decreased for both species and %N decreased for <i>D</i>. <i>oligosanthes</i>. Across a large precipitation gradient, <i>D</i>. <i>oligosanthes</i> leaf traits were more responsive to changes in precipitation than those of <i>P</i>. <i>virgatum</i>. In contrast, only two traits of <i>P</i>. <i>virgatum</i> responded to increases in temperature across a gradient: specific leaf area (increase) and leaf dry matter content (decrease). The only shared significant trend between species was increased C:N with precipitation. Our work demonstrates that these closely related grass species with different photosynthetic pathways exhibited various trait responses across temporal and spatial scales, illustrating the key role of scale of inquiry for forecasting leaf trait responses to future environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":48955,"journal":{"name":"AoB Plants","volume":"16 5","pages":"plae055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}