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Annual Review of Animal Biosciences最新文献

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Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids. 基因组学和马科动物的进化史。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118
Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando
{"title":"Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids.","authors":"Pablo Librado,&nbsp;Ludovic Orlando","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The equid family contains only one single extant genus, <i>Equus</i>, including seven living species grouped into horses on the one hand and zebras and asses on the other. In contrast, the equine fossil record shows that an extraordinarily richer diversity existed in the past and provides multiple examples of a highly dynamic evolution punctuated by several waves of explosive radiations and extinctions, cross-continental migrations, and local adaptations. In recent years, genomic technologies have provided new analytical solutions that have enhanced our understanding of equine evolution, including the species radiation within <i>Equus</i>; the extinction dynamics of several lineages; and the domestication history of two individual species, the horse and the donkey. Here, we provide an overview of these recent developments and suggest areas for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"81-101"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
The Diversity of Primates: From Biomedicine to Conservation Genomics. 灵长类动物多样性:从生物医学到保护基因组学。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023138
Joseph D Orkin, Lukas F K Kuderna, Tomas Marques-Bonet
{"title":"The Diversity of Primates: From Biomedicine to Conservation Genomics.","authors":"Joseph D Orkin,&nbsp;Lukas F K Kuderna,&nbsp;Tomas Marques-Bonet","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Until now, the field of primate genomics has focused on two major themes: understanding human evolution and advancing biomedical research. We propose that it is now time for a third theme to receive attention: conservation genomics. As a result of anthropogenic effects, the majority of primate species have become threatened with extinction. A more robust primate conservation genomics will allow for genetically informed population management. Thanks to a steady decline in the cost of sequencing, it has now become feasible to sequence whole primate genomes at the population level. Furthermore, technological advances in noninvasive genomic methods have made it possible to acquire genome-scale data from noninvasive biomaterials. Here, we review recent advances in the analysis of primate diversity, with a focus on genomic data sets across the radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"103-124"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Genetics and Evolution of Mammalian Coat Pigmentation. 哺乳动物皮毛色素沉着的遗传和进化。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110847
Eduardo Eizirik, Fernanda J Trindade
{"title":"Genetics and Evolution of Mammalian Coat Pigmentation.","authors":"Eduardo Eizirik,&nbsp;Fernanda J Trindade","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diversity of mammalian coat colors, and their potential adaptive significance, have long fascinated scientists as well as the general public. The recent decades have seen substantial improvement in our understanding of their genetic bases and evolutionary relevance, revealing novel insights into the complex interplay of forces that influence these phenotypes. At the same time, many aspects remain poorly known, hampering a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena. Here we review the current state of this field and indicate topics that should be the focus of additional research. We devote particular attention to two aspects of mammalian pigmentation, melanism and pattern formation, highlighting recent advances and outstanding challenges, and proposing novel syntheses of available information. For both specific areas, and for pigmentation in general, we attempt to lay out recommendations for establishing novel model systems and integrated research programs that target the genetics and evolution of these phenotypes throughout the Mammalia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"125-148"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38617013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Insects: A Potential Source of Protein and Other Nutrients for Feed and Food. 昆虫:饲料和食物中蛋白质和其他营养物质的潜在来源。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083930
Kerensa J Hawkey, Carlos Lopez-Viso, John M Brameld, Tim Parr, Andrew M Salter
{"title":"Insects: A Potential Source of Protein and Other Nutrients for Feed and Food.","authors":"Kerensa J Hawkey,&nbsp;Carlos Lopez-Viso,&nbsp;John M Brameld,&nbsp;Tim Parr,&nbsp;Andrew M Salter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sustainable production of healthy food for a growing global population, in the face of the uncertainties of climate change, represents a major challenge for the coming decade. Livestock provide food with high nutritional value but are frequently fed on human-edible crops and are associated with significant production of greenhouse gases. Recent years have seen increasing interest in the farming of insects as a sustainable source of human food, or as a replacement of ingredients such as soya or fishmeal in the feeds of terrestrial livestock or fish. This review provides an overview of insect physiology and growth regulation, considers the requirements for insect farming and mass production, and summarizes the nutritional value of the 10 most commonly studied insect species, before reviewing the literature on the use of insects as feed and food. We highlight the challenges required to develop a sustainable, safe, and affordable insect farming industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"333-354"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38638017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 71
Physiological Genomics of Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia. 适应高海拔缺氧的生理基因组学。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-072820-102736
Jay F Storz, Zachary A Cheviron
{"title":"Physiological Genomics of Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia.","authors":"Jay F Storz, Zachary A Cheviron","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-072820-102736","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-072820-102736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population genomic studies of humans and other animals at high altitude have generated many hypotheses about the genes and pathways that may have contributed to hypoxia adaptation. Future advances require experimental tests of such hypotheses to identify causal mechanisms. Studies to date illustrate the challenge of moving from lists of candidate genes to the identification of phenotypic targets of selection, as it can be difficult to determine whether observed genotype-phenotype associations reflect causal effects or secondary consequences of changes in other traits that are linked via homeostatic regulation. Recent work on high-altitude models such as deer mice has revealed both plastic and evolved changes in respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic traits that contribute to aerobic performance capacity in hypoxia, and analyses of tissue-specific transcriptomes have identified changes in regulatory networks that mediate adaptive changes in physiological phenotype. Here we synthesize recent results and discuss lessons learned from studies of high-altitude adaptation that lie at the intersection of genomics and physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"149-171"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287974/pdf/nihms-1723173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38638020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applications of Nanobodies. 纳米体的应用。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083831
Serge Muyldermans
{"title":"Applications of Nanobodies.","authors":"Serge Muyldermans","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unique, functional, homodimeric heavy chain-only antibodies, devoid of light chains, are circulating in the blood of Camelidae. These antibodies recognize their cognate antigen via one single domain, known as VHH or Nanobody. This serendipitous discovery made three decades ago has stimulated a growing number of researchers to generate highly specific Nanobodies against a myriad of targets. The small size, strict monomeric state, robustness, and easy tailoring of these Nanobodies have inspired many groups to design innovative Nanobody-based multi-domain constructs to explore novel applications. As such, Nanobodies have been employed as an exquisite research tool in structural, cell, and developmental biology. Furthermore, Nanobodies have demonstrated their benefit for more sensitive diagnostic tests. Finally, several Nanobody-based constructs have been designed to develop new therapeutic products.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"401-421"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38638943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 107
Advances in Microbiome Research for Animal Health. 动物健康微生物组研究进展
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-091020-075907
Raquel S Peixoto, Derek M Harkins, Karen E Nelson
{"title":"Advances in Microbiome Research for Animal Health.","authors":"Raquel S Peixoto,&nbsp;Derek M Harkins,&nbsp;Karen E Nelson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-091020-075907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-091020-075907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host-associated microbiomes contribute in many ways to the homeostasis of the metaorganism. The microbiome's contributions range from helping to provide nutrition and aiding growth, development, and behavior to protecting against pathogens and toxic compounds. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the diversity and importance of the microbiome to animals, using representative examples of wild and domesticated species. We demonstrate how the beneficial ecological roles of animal-associated microbiomes can be generally grouped into well-defined main categories and how microbe-based alternative treatments can be applied to mitigate problems for both economic and conservation purposes and to provide crucial knowledge about host-microbiota symbiotic interactions. We suggest a Customized Combination of Microbial-Based Therapies to promote animal health and contribute to the practice of sustainable husbandry. We also discuss the ecological connections and threats associated with animal biodiversity loss, microorganism extinction, and emerging diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"289-311"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-091020-075907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38371148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Genetic Engineering of Livestock: The Opportunity Cost of Regulatory Delay. 家畜基因工程:监管延迟的机会成本。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023052
Alison L Van Eenennaam, Felipe De Figueiredo Silva, Josephine F Trott, David Zilberman
{"title":"Genetic Engineering of Livestock: The Opportunity Cost of Regulatory Delay.","authors":"Alison L Van Eenennaam,&nbsp;Felipe De Figueiredo Silva,&nbsp;Josephine F Trott,&nbsp;David Zilberman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetically engineered (GE) livestock were first reported in 1985, and yet only a single GE food animal, the fast-growing AquAdvantage salmon, has been commercialized. There are myriad interconnected reasons for the slow progress in this once-promising field, including technical issues, the structure of livestock industries, lack of public research funding and investment, regulatory obstacles, and concern about public opinion. This review focuses on GE livestock that have been produced and documents the difficulties that researchers and developers have encountered en route. Additionally, the costs associated with delayed commercialization of GE livestock were modeled using three case studies: GE mastitis-resistant dairy cattle, genome-edited porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-resistant pigs, and the AquAdvantage salmon. Delays of 5 or 10 years in the commercialization of GE livestock beyond the normative 10-year GE product evaluation period were associated with billions of dollars in opportunity costs and reduced global food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"453-478"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38597816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Phylogenomics and the Genetic Architecture of the Placental Mammal Radiation. 胎盘哺乳动物辐射的系统基因组学和遗传结构。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023149
William J Murphy, Nicole M Foley, Kevin R Bredemeyer, John Gatesy, Mark S Springer
{"title":"Phylogenomics and the Genetic Architecture of the Placental Mammal Radiation.","authors":"William J Murphy,&nbsp;Nicole M Foley,&nbsp;Kevin R Bredemeyer,&nbsp;John Gatesy,&nbsp;Mark S Springer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genomes of placental mammals are being sequenced at an unprecedented rate. Alignments of hundreds, and one day thousands, of genomes spanning the rich living and extinct diversity of species offer unparalleled power to resolve phylogenetic controversies, identify genomic innovations of adaptation, and dissect the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation. We highlight outstanding questions about the earliest phases of placental mammal diversification and the promise of newer methods, as well as remaining challenges, toward using whole genome data to resolve placental mammal phylogeny. The next phase of mammalian comparative genomics will see the completion and application of finished-quality, gapless genome assemblies from many ordinal lineages and closely related species. Interspecific comparisons between the most hypervariable genomic loci will likely reveal large, but heretofore mostly underappreciated, effects on population divergence, morphological innovation, and the origin of new species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"29-53"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38638019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Resistance and Promotion of Exogenous Retroviral Homologs. 内源性逆转录病毒驱动抗性和促进外源性逆转录病毒同源物。
IF 12 1区 农林科学
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Epub Date: 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416
Elliott S Chiu, Sue VandeWoude
{"title":"Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Resistance and Promotion of Exogenous Retroviral Homologs.","authors":"Elliott S Chiu,&nbsp;Sue VandeWoude","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) serve as markers of ancient viral infections and provide invaluable insight into host and viral evolution. ERVs have been exapted to assist in performing basic biological functions, including placentation, immune modulation, and oncogenesis. A subset of ERVs share high nucleotide similarity to circulating horizontally transmitted exogenous retrovirus (XRV) progenitors. In these cases, ERV-XRV interactions have been documented and include (<i>a</i>) recombination to result in ERV-XRV chimeras, (<i>b</i>) ERV induction of immune self-tolerance to XRV antigens, (<i>c</i>) ERV antigen interference with XRV receptor binding, and (<i>d</i>) interactions resulting in both enhancement and restriction of XRV infections. Whereas the mechanisms governing recombination and immune self-tolerance have been partially determined, enhancement and restriction of XRV infection are virus specific and only partially understood. This review summarizes interactions between six unique ERV-XRV pairs, highlighting important ERV biological functions and potential evolutionary histories in vertebrate hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"225-248"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-animal-050620-101416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38686705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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