Karen A Beauchemin, Ermias Kebreab, Michelle Cain, Michael J VandeHaar
{"title":"The Path to Net-Zero in Dairy Production: Are Pronounced Decreases in Enteric Methane Achievable?","authors":"Karen A Beauchemin, Ermias Kebreab, Michelle Cain, Michael J VandeHaar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-010324-113703","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-010324-113703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dairy production will require >50% reduction in enteric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions together with elimination of emissions from feed production, additional carbon sequestration, reduction in manure emissions, anaerobic digestion of manure, and decreased reliance on fossil fuel energy. Over past decades, improved production efficiency has reduced GHG intensity of milk production (i.e., emissions per unit of milk) in the United States, but this trend can continue only if cows are bred for increased efficiency. Genetic selection of low-CH<sub>4</sub>-producing animals, diet reformulation, use of feed additives, and vaccination show tremendous potential for enteric CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation; however, few mitigation strategies are currently available, and added cost without increased revenue is a major barrier to implementation. Complete elimination of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from dairying is likely not possible without negatively affecting milk production; thus, offsets and removals of other GHGs will be needed to achieve net-zero milk production.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"325-341"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John C Z Woinarski, Stephen T Garnett, Sarah M Legge
{"title":"No More Extinctions: Recovering Australia's Biodiversity.","authors":"John C Z Woinarski, Stephen T Garnett, Sarah M Legge","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102004","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most conservation programs and laws aim to prevent extinction. However, there is a gulf between such aspirations and the current reality of escalating biodiversity loss. This review focuses on efforts to prevent extinctions in Australia, but much of this consideration is likely to apply globally. As context, we consider the reasons for trying to prevent extinction, review Australia's extinction record, and note that there are likely to be many more extinctions than formally recognized. We describe recent cases where conservation actions have prevented extinction. We note that extinction is a pathway rather than solely an endpoint, and many decisions made or not made on that pathway can determine the fate of species. We conclude that all looming extinctions can and should be prevented. This will require transformational change in legislation, increased resourcing, more consideration of poorly known species, and increased societal recognition of the need to be responsible for the care of country.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"507-528"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Amelkina, Samantha Gardner, Jessica C Edge, Zenab Butt, Haidee Tinning, Niamh Forde
{"title":"Ruminating on Bovine Implantation: Its Importance in Fertility, Food Production, Conservation, and Health.","authors":"Olga Amelkina, Samantha Gardner, Jessica C Edge, Zenab Butt, Haidee Tinning, Niamh Forde","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102403","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implantation in cattle is a key developmental checkpoint for pregnancy success. It involves careful spatiotemporal changes to the transcriptional landscape of the endometrium, with the heterogeneous nature of the endometrium increasing the complexity of understanding of the mechanism involved. Implantation is impacted by the developmental competency of the embryo, use of assisted reproductive technologies, and the environment in which this process occurs. We identify the factors that most impact the implantation process in cattle and highlight how it differs with that in other placental mammals. We propose the major areas that lack evidence are the mechanism(s) by which implantation itself occurs and how different stressors alter this process. Our understanding is hindered by a lack of appropriate in vitro models; however, development of novel 3D tools and available data sets will further elucidate the implantation process. Perhaps more importantly, this will develop methods to mitigate against these stressors to improve implantation success and offspring health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"143-165"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fevi Rose Paro, Roselyn Davour, Daniel Acosta, Karah Mechlowitz, Chhavi Tiwari, Sarah L McKune
{"title":"Improving Nutrition Security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and the Role of Animal-Source Foods.","authors":"Fevi Rose Paro, Roselyn Davour, Daniel Acosta, Karah Mechlowitz, Chhavi Tiwari, Sarah L McKune","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102149","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrition security is challenging in regions where resources are limited and food production is naturally constrained. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), undernutrition is high for many reasons, including lack of nutritional diversity and low high-quality protein content. Interest in the role of animal-source food (ASF) in reducing nutrition insecurity is increasing, as evidence from LMICs suggests that consumption of ASF is strongly associated with reduction in stunting, improved diet quality, and overall nutrition, particularly in early stages of life. We review the strengths and limitations of ASF consumption in terms of accessibility, safety, and nutritional benefits compared to non-ASF sources. We present a critical discussion on existing barriers to ASF consumption and its future directions in LMICs. Understanding the role of ASF in improving nutrition security in LMICs is crucial to optimizing public health, designing appropriate interventions, and implementing effective policy in resource-poor settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"371-388"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chromosome Engineering: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges.","authors":"Yihuan Mao, Yulong Zhao, Qi Zhou, Wei Li","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102225","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromosome engineering is a transformative field at the cutting edge of biological science, offering unprecedented precision in manipulating large-scale genomic DNA within cells. This discipline is central to deciphering how the multifaceted roles of chromosomes-guarding genetic information, encoding sequence positional information, and influencing organismal traits-shape the genetic blueprint of life. This review comprehensively examines the technological advancements in chromosome engineering, which center on engineering chromosomal rearrangements, generating artificial chromosomes, de novo synthesizing chromosomes, and transferring chromosomes. Additionally, we introduce the application progress of chromosome engineering in basic and applied research fields, showcasing its capacity to deepen our knowledge of genetics and catalyze breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the challenges the field faces and highlight the profound implications that chromosome engineering holds for the future of modern biology and medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"25-47"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress Toward Genetic Rescue of the Northern White Rhinoceros (<i>Ceratotherium simum cottoni</i>).","authors":"Marisa L Korody, Thomas B Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102158","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The northern white rhinoceros (NWR) is functionally extinct, with only two nonreproductive females remaining. However, because of the foresight of scientists, cryopreserved cells and reproductive tissues may aid in the recovery of this species. An ambitious program of natural and artificial gametes and in vitro embryo generation was first outlined in 2015, and many of the proposed steps have been achieved. Multiple induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been established, primordial germ cell-like cells have been generated, oocytes have been collected from the remaining females, blastocysts have been cryopreserved, and the closely related southern white rhinoceros (SWR) is being established as a surrogate. Recently, the first successful embryo transfer in SWR demonstrated that embryos can be generated by in vitro fertilization and cryopreserved. We explore progress to date in using advanced cellular technologies to save the NWR and highlight the necessary next steps to ensure a viable population for reintroduction. We roll out a holistic rescue approach for a charismatic megavertebrate that includes the most advanced cellular technologies, which can provide a blueprint for other critically endangered mammals. We also provide a detailed discussion of the remaining questions in such an upgraded conservation program.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"483-505"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Genomics and Epigenomics of Transcriptional Regulation.","authors":"Huaijun Zhou, Emily Clark, Dailu Guan, Sandrine Lagarrigue, Lingzhao Fang, Hao Cheng, Christopher K Tuggle, Muskan Kapoor, Ying Wang, Elisabetta Giuffra, Giorgia Egidy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102217","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-111523-102217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcriptional regulation in response to diverse physiological cues involves complicated biological processes. Recent initiatives that leverage whole genome sequencing and annotation of regulatory elements significantly contribute to our understanding of transcriptional gene regulation. Advances in the data sets available for comparative genomics and epigenomics can identify evolutionarily constrained regulatory variants and shed light on noncoding elements that influence transcription in different tissues and developmental stages across species. Most epigenomic data, however, are generated from healthy subjects at specific developmental stages. To bridge the genotype-phenotype gap, future research should focus on generating multidimensional epigenomic data under diverse physiological conditions. Farm animal species offer advantages in terms of feasibility, cost, and experimental design for such integrative analyses in comparison to humans. Deep learning modeling and cutting-edge technologies in sequencing and functional screening and validation also provide great promise for better understanding transcriptional regulation in this dynamic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"73-98"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Organ and Tissue Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Asghar Ali, Elisabeth Kemter, Eckhard Wolf","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-102606","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-102606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>End-stage organ failure can result from various preexisting conditions and occurs in patients of all ages, and organ transplantation remains its only treatment. In recent years, extensive research has been done to explore the possibility of transplanting animal organs into humans, a process referred to as xenotransplantation. Due to their matching organ sizes and other anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, pigs are the preferred organ donor species. Organ rejection due to host immune response and possible interspecies infectious pathogen transmission have been the biggest hurdles to xenotransplantation's success. Use of genetically engineered pigs as tissue and organ donors for xenotransplantation has helped to address these hurdles. Although several preclinical trials have been conducted in nonhuman primates, some barriers still exist and demand further efforts. This review focuses on the recent advances and remaining challenges in organ and tissue xenotransplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"369-390"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holly B Ernest, Lisa A Tell, Christine A Bishop, Ana M González, Emily R Lumsdaine
{"title":"Illuminating the Mysteries of the Smallest Birds: Hummingbird Population Health, Disease Ecology, and Genomics.","authors":"Holly B Ernest, Lisa A Tell, Christine A Bishop, Ana M González, Emily R Lumsdaine","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-044308","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-044308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hummingbirds share biologically distinctive traits: sustained hovering flight, the smallest bird body size, and high metabolic rates fueled partially by nectar feeding that provides pollination to plant species. Being insectivorous and sometimes serving as prey to larger birds, they fulfill additional important ecological roles. Hummingbird species evolved and radiated into nearly every habitat in the Americas, with a core of species diversity in South America. Population declines of some of their species are increasing their risk of extinction. Threats to population health and genetic diversity are just beginning to be identified, including diseases and hazards caused by humans. We review the disciplines of population health, disease ecology, and genomics as they relate to hummingbirds. We appraise knowledge gaps, causes of morbidity and mortality including disease, and threats to population viability. Finally, we highlight areas of research need and provide ideas for future studies aimed at facilitating hummingbird conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":"12 ","pages":"161-185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Kitano, Satoshi Ansai, Yusuke Takehana, Yoji Yamamoto
{"title":"Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish.","authors":"Jun Kitano, Satoshi Ansai, Yusuke Takehana, Yoji Yamamoto","doi":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113935","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":48953,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences","volume":" ","pages":"233-259"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}