{"title":"Multiscale Convolutional Neural Network With Self-Attention Mechanism and Soft Thresholding for Industrial Process Fault Diagnosis","authors":"Youqiang Chen;Ridong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3652405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3652405","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a multiscale convolutional neural network (MSCNN)-based fault diagnosis method (AM-MAST) using a self-attention mechanism and soft thresholding. It aims to improve the accuracy of the industrial fault diagnosis model as well as the model’s immunity to interference. Unlike most current single-model fault diagnosis methods, this article employs an MSCNN and a multihead attention mechanism to extract features simultaneously. It also introduces an adaptive thresholding module at the end of the multiscale neural network to deal with interference noise. In addition, the features of the two networks are fused by a fusion module based on the attention mechanism; finally, the faults are accurately categorized by a classification module. This methodology effectively integrates both multiscale information and attention mechanisms, facilitating the proficient extraction of diverse features from the input dataset, while concurrently establishing interdependencies among distinct features. However, the incorporation of an adaptive soft threshold module efficiently mitigates noise interference. Experiments were conducted on the industrial coke furnace dataset, and it show that the method performs well and has a broad application prospect.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2647-2659"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wafer Flow Time Control in Robotized Semiconductor Manufacturing Tools","authors":"Min-Chan Kim;Tae-Sun Yu","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2025.3649646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2025.3649646","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the problem of scheduling robotized cluster tools under the operational requirement of controlling wafer flow time. Recently, in wafer fabs, the wafer flow time is recognized as an important factor that impacts the quality level of semiconductor end-products. We first establish a theoretical basis for the analysis of the wafer flow time in cluster tools, and then we prove that the wafer flow time can be significantly reduced by regulating the wafer loading level inside the tool. It is also shown that there is a tradeoff between the wafer flow time and tool productivity, and thus the reduction of the wafer flow time can lead to an increased tool cycle time. To manage this tradeoff effectively, we present a scheduling rule by which the wafer flow time can be effectively controlled while minimizing the productivity loss caused by the increased tool cycle time. The introduced scheduling approach provides practical insights and numerical validation, offering semiconductor manufacturers a viable strategy to enhance both wafer quality and production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2333-2346"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11339446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148507300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenhai Qi;Zhenzhen Yuan;Ju H. Park;Jinde Cao;Huaicheng Yan
{"title":"Dissipative Synchronization of Semi-Markov Jump Reaction–Diffusion Complex Dynamical Networks via Adaptive Event-Triggering","authors":"Wenhai Qi;Zhenzhen Yuan;Ju H. Park;Jinde Cao;Huaicheng Yan","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2025.3649088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2025.3649088","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses the dissipative synchronization for complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with semi-Markov jump parameters under adaptive event-triggering. Due to the complexity of network environment, a semi-Markov process (SMP) is introduced into the system modeling. The adaptive event-triggering protocol (AETP) is developed to dynamically adjust the triggering threshold based on the synchronization error, which significantly reduces unnecessary data transmissions and avoids Zeno behavior by guaranteeing a positive inter-event interval. Subsequently, a nonfragile controller is designed for potential fluctuations in controller gain. By constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and employing advanced integral inequalities, sufficient synchronization conditions are derived to ensure that the CDNs achieve stochastic stability with strictly dissipative characteristic. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2276-2286"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incremental Heteroscedastic Gaussian Process Regression and Its Applications in Model Predictive Control","authors":"Wei He;Xiao Liang;Zhichao Yang;Shizhen Wu;Yongchun Fang","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3652411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3652411","url":null,"abstract":"Gaussian process regression (GPR) models are becoming increasingly tightly integrated into robotic systems, particularly in the context of robot model predictive control (MPC) operating in complex environments. Because data generated by robots are typically collected online and exhibits heteroscedasticity (i.e., the noise variance depends on the input), traditional GPR may not be suitable. Thus, an incremental heteroscedastic GPR (IHGPR) method is proposed, which takes advantage of incremental sparse spectrum GPR (I-SSGPR) and the framework of improved most likely heteroscedastic GPR (improved MLHGPR). The predictive distribution is not only in an explicit form but also differentiable, rendering a plug-and-play solution for optimization-based control. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a series of empirical evaluation experiments, highlighting its time efficiency and capacity to accurately capture heteroscedastic signals. To illustrate its versatile applicability in robotic system control, we integrate IHGPR into a robust MPC (RMPC) method to online fit the state- and input-dependent heteroscedastic stochastic disturbances and present the applicability and efficiency through simulation results.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2262-2275"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential Games With Event-Triggered Impulses Involving Partial Unmeasurable States","authors":"Chuandong Li;Mingchen Huan;Xiang Hu;Wenlu Liu","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3654688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3654688","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we investigate a class of differential games with impulsive effects, where Player 1 employs piecewise continuous control, and Player 2 utilizes event-triggered impulses. Exploiting the dual nature of impulsive actions, we develop tailored event-triggering mechanisms (ETMs) for both control inputs and disturbances. To reflect practical limitations, we assume that some system states are unmeasurable. Building on this framework, we establish a critical connection between system stability and the existence of equilibrium solutions. This relationship guarantees the presence of saddle points or Nash equilibria while simultaneously enabling stability analysis. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical findings.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2803-2814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edoardo Trombin;Stefano Tortora;Francesco Bettella;Alessandra Del Felice;Emanuele Menegatti;Luca Tonin
{"title":"A Review on Environment-Adaptive Gait Planning for Semiautonomous Lower Limb Exoskeletons","authors":"Edoardo Trombin;Stefano Tortora;Francesco Bettella;Alessandra Del Felice;Emanuele Menegatti;Luca Tonin","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3654358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3654358","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in lower limb exoskeletons (LLEs) designed to restore walking capabilities for individuals with motor impairments. Currently, the research community faces the challenge of enhancing the translational impact of this technology by proposing solutions to move from laboratory and clinical settings to daily life scenarios. In this context, the topic of environment-adaptive gait planning (EAGP) is of particular interest and importance. EAGP refers to the ability of LLEs to assist in walking on various terrains (e.g., stairs and slopes) and under different conditions (e.g., the presence of obstacles and uneven ground) by adapting their behavior according to the context. However, the proliferation of publications has led to a general lack of convergence within the scientific community toward a common definition of this research topic. Therefore, this article proposes a review of EAGP for LLEs. The objectives are to: 1) provide a clear definition of EAGP, highlighting its main components and characteristics; 2) propose a taxonomy for classifying the most frequently used techniques in the state of the art; and 3) conduct a comprehensive survey of the literature, situating each article within the proposed taxonomy. In addition, we identify the most urgent future challenges toward the development of more autonomous LLEs.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2206-2224"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11360753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulated-Annealing General Variable Neighborhood Search With Satellite Lists for Solving Colored Traveling Salesman Problems","authors":"Yaxing Duan;Jun Li;MengChu Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3652169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3652169","url":null,"abstract":"A colored traveling salesman problem (CTSP) generalizes the well-known multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP). CTSP leverages colors to distinguish the accessibility of cities to different salesmen, thereby broadening MTSP’s applications in intelligent transportation, manufacturing, and logistics. It has been proven to be NP-hard, and its complexity grows exponentially with problem size. This article presents a simulated-annealing general variable neighborhood search with satellite lists (SLs), or SGV-SL, to solve large-scale CTSPs. It consists of four main procedures: pregeneration of a Delaunay candidate set, greedy construction of an initial solution, exploration of the solution space using simulated-annealing-based variable insertion and 2-opt, and partial reconstruction of the current solution to escape from local optima. Notably, we introduce a new data structure, SLs, to represent a CTSP solution in SGV-SL. They can efficiently reduce the time complexity of insertion and flip operations to a constant level, thus substantially improving SGV-SL’s computational efficiency. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on 21 general and 31 radial CTSP (RCTSP) instances. The results show that SGV-SL comprehensively outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both solution quality and efficiency across general CTSP instances. Its performance is also highly competitive on RCTSP ones.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2673-2683"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Dong Jiang;Yu-Ting Chin;Yu-Ting Yang;Chih-Yung Chang;Diptendu Sinha Roy
{"title":"Detection, Retrieval, and Explanation Unified: A Violence Detection System Based on Knowledge Graphs and GAT","authors":"Wen-Dong Jiang;Yu-Ting Chin;Yu-Ting Yang;Chih-Yung Chang;Diptendu Sinha Roy","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3653874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3653874","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, violence detection systems developed using unified multimodal models have achieved significant success and attracted widespread attention. However, most of them typically suffer from two major issues: lack of interpretability as opaque models and limited functionality, providing only classification or retrieval capabilities. This article proposes a novel interpretable violence detection system called the three-in-one (TIO) system to address these challenges. The proposed TIO system integrates knowledge graphs (KGs) and graph attention networks (GATs) to achieve three core functionalities: detection, retrieval, and explanation. Specifically, the system processes each video frame along with text descriptions generated by a large language model (LLM) for a given video containing potential violent behavior. It employs ImageBind to create high-dimensional embeddings for constructing a KG. Subsequently, the system uses GAT for reasoning, applies light time series modules to extract video embedding features, and finally connects a classifier and retriever for multifunctional output. Leveraging the interpretability of KG, the system verifies the rationale behind each output during the reasoning process. In addition, this article proposes a kernel function-adjusted distance-based computation method to reduce the computational complexity of the TIO system. Extensive experiments conducted on the XD-Violence, UCF-Crime, and UCFCrime-AR datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TIO system.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2827-2841"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3669308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3669308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11442866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingyu Zhang;Xinyi Wu;Yanchi Li;Shuijia Li;Wenyin Gong
{"title":"Multiobjective Multitask Optimization With Manifold Structure-Driven Knowledge Transfer","authors":"Tingyu Zhang;Xinyi Wu;Yanchi Li;Shuijia Li;Wenyin Gong","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2025.3649528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2025.3649528","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary multitasking (EMT) endeavors to solve multiple optimization tasks simultaneously via knowledge transfer (KT) among tasks. While several EMT algorithms have obtained promising results, they still encounter uncertainties and challenges in the complex field of multiobjective multitask optimization (MO-MTO). A key limitation of existing approaches is the insufficient attention to manifold structures of the Pareto set (PS), which represent the local regularities of multiobjective optimization problems. Ignoring these structures prevents the algorithm from capturing local features, thereby limiting the efficiency and accuracy of KT. To alleviate this issue, this article proposes a new EMT algorithm for MO-MTO with manifold structure-driven KT, namely EMT-MSKT. EMT-MSKT aims to improve optimization performance by leveraging both global and local structural information. In particular, KT in EMT-MSKT consists of two key strategies: global structure learning (GSL) and local structure learning (LSL). GSL exploits global structural similarity to provide population-level directional information that drives broad exploration across tasks. LSL exploits local structural similarity to support fine-grained exploitation based on manifold features. To implement these two strategies, the global and local search directions are extracted as knowledge, reflecting how solutions evolve within these structures. Moreover, to further enhance transfer efficiency in the LSL process, a local source selection (LSS) strategy is developed to identify relevant knowledge sources based on local manifold similarities. Comprehensive results on four benchmark suites (including a newly constructed suite for complex problems) and three real-world applications demonstrate that EMT-MSKT consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 4","pages":"2426-2438"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148507295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}