Zhen-Song Chen;Han Wang;Zheng Ma;Yi Yang;Zhengze Zhu;Francisco Chiclana;Witold Pedrycz;Mirosław J. Skibniewski
{"title":"Multiobjective Optimization-Based Subjective Probability Distribution Aggregation: A Survey","authors":"Zhen-Song Chen;Han Wang;Zheng Ma;Yi Yang;Zhengze Zhu;Francisco Chiclana;Witold Pedrycz;Mirosław J. Skibniewski","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3685096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3685096","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective probability distribution aggregation (SPDA) refers to the process of combining multiple expert judgments into a single representative distribution and has become essential for decision-making under deep uncertainty. Despite its importance, a systematic review of multiobjective optimization-driven approaches to SPDA remains lacking. To address this gap, we trace the paradigm evolution from classical axiomatic and Bayesian approaches to contemporary optimization-driven frameworks, revealing a progression from single-objective consensus maximization through biobjective consensus-confidence models to comprehensive multiobjective formulations incorporating fairness and social welfare. We conduct a systematic literature review and establish a unified taxonomy that classifies methods by structural objectives and behavioral tradeoffs. Bibliometric analysis reveals a marked shift toward socially informed aggregation, with fairness concern and group dynamics emerging as dominant themes. We systematically examine applications across risk engineering, economics and finance, climate science, and policy planning, demonstrating that method selection must align with domain-specific uncertainty structures. In addition, key research challenges are identified, and a forward-looking roadmap is outlined to guide future investigations. This synthesis consolidates existing advances and provides both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for developing next-generation SPDA methods that balance statistical performance with social acceptability in complex decision environments.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4162-4180"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industrial Processes Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Expert System-Guided Neural Network Decision-Space Sparsification","authors":"Min Yin;Youqing Wang;Wei Yu;David Wilson;Xin Ma","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3673583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3673583","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial fault diagnosis (FD) often faces challenges due to the scarcity of labeled data and the inability of rule-based systems to handle high-dimensional nonlinearities. This study proposes expert system-assisted neural networks (ES-Nets), a novel hybrid framework featuring ES-guided decision-space sparsification to bridge symbolic reasoning with neural networks (NNs). Unlike traditional data-driven models, this knowledge-preconditioned architecture embeds domain-specific logic into a comprehensive knowledge base before training. Specifically, the optimization process constrains the gradient descent trajectory to a knowledge-consistent subspace, effectively regularizing the parameter updates based on symbolic expert logic rather than purely on statistical gradients. Advanced embedding techniques pre-configure the model, enabling early operational performance and significantly reducing training requirements. Validation on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and a real-world petrochemical plant case demonstrates the framework’s superiority in accuracy and operational efficiency. This study provides an efficient and interpretable solution, facilitating effective human–machine collaboration in complex industrial environments.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4284-4296"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeqiang Li;Yujuan Wang;Jason J. R. Liu;Yongduan Song
{"title":"Prescribed-Time Control of Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Coefficients: An Event-Triggered Approach","authors":"Zeqiang Li;Yujuan Wang;Jason J. R. Liu;Yongduan Song","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3661541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3661541","url":null,"abstract":"This work considers the prescribed-time control problem of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients via an event-triggering strategy. In contrast to existing event-based prescribed-time works where the control coefficients are supposed to be known, in this work, not only the magnitude but also the sign of the control coefficient is allowed to be unknown. Based on a newly established Nussbaum-type lemma, the underlying problem is addressed by proposing an adaptive prescribed-time control scheme, which is characterized by the joint design of the triggering condition and actual controller. Moreover, the developed control scheme enables the execution time to be extended to infinity, distinguishing itself from those where the valid execution time can only be finite (ended at the prescribed time). It is proved that the closed-loop signals are globally bounded and system states converge to the origin within a prespecified time. Besides, the Zeno-free behavior is ensured. A robotic manipulator is exploited to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical findings.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4047-4056"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Wang;Tingkai Chen;Zaijin You;Guichen Zhang;Shun-Feng Su
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Benthonic Organism Detection: Fuzzy Channel--Spatial Attention","authors":"Ning Wang;Tingkai Chen;Zaijin You;Guichen Zhang;Shun-Feng Su","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3663987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3663987","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, to augment benthonic organism features and suppress underwater background noises, simultaneously, a fuzzy channel–spatial attention-based benthonic organism detection (FCSA-BOD) scheme is proposed. Main contributions are as follows: 1) with the aid of spatial global average and maximum pooling, fuzzy channel attention (FCA) is originated to adaptively recalibrate channel responses by fusing discriminative and textural channel attention maps, which are derived from two independent single-hidden-layer feedforward networks, such that benthonic organism and background feature maps can be strengthened and suppressed, respectively; 2) by exploiting channel global average and maximum pooling, fuzzy spatial attention (FSA) is created to highlight spatial regions associated with benthonic organisms by fusing multiple spatial attention maps possessing completely different receptive fields, such that different-scale benthonic organism features on the same feature map can be significantly augmented, simultaneously; and 3) the FCSA-BOD scheme is eventually established in a modular manner by integrating FCA and FSA modules within a deep learning framework. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed FCSA-BOD scheme outperforms state-of-the-art underwater detection approaches.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"3947-3961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fixed-Time Formation Hunting Control of Multi-Marine Surface Vehicle System Based on a Novel Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Weiwei Bai;Yuanhao Wang;Bo Zhao;Dewang Chen;Andrea D’Ariano","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3663436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3663436","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a fixed-time deep reinforcement learning (DRL) formation hunting control problem is investigated for a multi-marine surface vehicle (MSV) system. First, considering the lack of dynamic adaptability caused by the conventional deep neural network (DNN) framework, an online adaptive DNN method is proposed for the high-dimensional multi-MSV system. Second, a novel DRL framework is developed for designing fixed-time formation hunting controllers, which integrates the online adaptive DNNs method with the actor–critic-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. Finally, a nonsmooth fixed-time stability analysis is established for the nonsmooth closed-loop system induced by the DRL-based structure, which rigorously demonstrates that all signals converge within a fixed-time interval independent of initial states. The simulation example demonstrates the practical viability of the presented scheme.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"3962-3975"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Predefined-Time Neural Tracking Control for High-Order Nonlinear Systems: A Switching Event-Triggered Approach","authors":"Jing Wang;Wei Zhao;Feng Li;Huaicheng Yan;Hao Shen","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3679075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3679075","url":null,"abstract":"This article concerns the problem of an event-triggered predefined-time neural tracking control for high-order nonlinear systems (HONSs) through a switching event-triggered strategy (ETS). In contrast to the previous research on HONSs, one prominent virtue of this work is that the upper bound of settling time can be determined a priori by a separate controller parameter. First, by employing the addition of a power integrator technique and a switching event-triggered rule, an adaptive event-triggered controller is developed under the backstepping framework. Therein, the unknown nonlinearities can be approximated effectively through neural networks (NNs). Unlike many existing approaches, the proposed control strategy is not only proficient in coping with the coupling term caused by the event-triggered rule and the nonlinear function, but also has excellent effects in saving communication resources. In terms of the predefined time stability theory, the boundedness of all variables and the fast convergence characteristics of the tracking error within the predetermined time in the system are guaranteed. Finally, the simulations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the suggested control scheme.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4347-4357"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiknowledge Adaptive Transfer Framework and Auxiliary Value Assessment Strategy for Constrained Multiobjective Optimization","authors":"Xiaochuan Gao;Qianlong Dang;Xinyu Feng;Xiaofang Li;Qiqi Liu;Tao Zhan","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3669395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3669395","url":null,"abstract":"Constrained multiobjective optimization problems (CMOPs) are widely present in the real world, and the key difficulty in solving CMOPs lies in effectively handling the interplay between satisfying constraints and optimizing conflicting objectives. Many constrained multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs) have been proposed for solving CMOPs, among which the evolutionary multitasking (EMT)-based CMOEAs have demonstrated notable performance. However, most existing EMT-based CMOEAs focus on designing reasonable auxiliary tasks but do not address how to effectively facilitate knowledge transfer between multiple tasks. Building on these considerations, this article proposes a multiknowledge adaptive transfer framework that incorporates two novel categories of knowledge: synchronization knowledge in the decision space and evolutionary direction knowledge. This approach can learn more effectively from other populations compared to traditional EMT-based CMOEAs. Moreover, to prevent the auxiliary population from failing to provide effective value to the main population and wasting computational resources, a reward-based auxiliary value assessment strategy is proposed. Whether to terminate the reproduction of the auxiliary population is evaluated by the value of the auxiliary population to the main population. Based on these two improvements, this article introduces a novel multiknowledge adaptive transfer framework for constrained multiobjective optimization (MKATCMO). The experimental results on 33 benchmark test problems and 28 practical engineering application problems demonstrate that the proposed MKATCMO has excellent performance compared with nine state-of-the-art (SOTA) CMOEAs.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4181-4194"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3700354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3700354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11571063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148505863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Important-Data-Based DoS Attack Strategy and $H$$_{∞}$ State Estimator Design for a Class of Nonlinear Systems","authors":"Engang Tian;Xun Wang;Wei Xing Zheng","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3662006","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the security of a class of nonlinear systems subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks from an adversarial, data-aware perspective. An important-data-based (IDB) DoS attack strategy, inspired by event-triggered logic from the perspective of attackers, is skillfully constructed to increase the destruction of the attack. Unlike most existing DoS attack models that indiscriminately disrupt packet transmissions without considering packet content, the proposed IDB DOS attack strategy can identify the importance degree of the packets and focus on attacking the most important ones. The other goal of this article is to construct an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> state estimator against the IDB DoS attack, which can achieve a particular system performance in the presence of attacks. By using the Lyapunov functional method, a sufficient condition is successfully obtained to ensure the asymptotical stability of the augmented system and the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> interference suppression performance. Simulation examples indicate that: 1) the constructed IDB DoS attack strategy will result in a worse system degradation and 2) the designed <inline-formula> <tex-math>$H_{infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> state estimator can effectively mitigate the impact of the potential IDB DoS attack.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4126-4135"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prescribed-Time Optimization for Multiagent System With Inconsistent Constraint Sets","authors":"Xuening Xu;Zhiyong Yu;Haijun Jiang;Chunxia Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2026.3672278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2026.3672278","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the prescribed-time optimization problem is considered for multiagent systems (MASs) with inconsistent constraint sets. First, the constrained optimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained one using the sliding mode control approach, in which the sliding surface is constructed based on the projection errors. Subsequently, three distinct prescribed-time optimization control protocols are developed by utilizing the sliding mode variables and optimization algorithms. In particular, compared with the existing works in which the gain of each controller approaches infinity at the prescribed instant, this article effectively mitigates singularity by integrating fixed-time theory with the time-domain transformation method. Furthermore, it can be verified that all agents achieve optimization consensus under the three different algorithms by the Lyapunov stability theory and convex optimization analysis. Finally, we provide an application example to verify the validity of theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":48915,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems","volume":"56 7","pages":"4254-4268"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148442572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}